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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Christina<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Yes, there are toxins in some varieties of
jatropha which, if eaten, can cause severe abdominal cramping and even death if
not passed. That is why the plant operates so well as a hedge. Animals won’t
eat through it. This is well-known in communities which historically have
jatropha available where it is sometimes taken intentionally as a purgative. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Jatopha oil has been burned for centuries with
no known ill effect, and it is currently being burned as a biodiesel fuel in
cars in <st1:place w:st="on">Europe</st1:place>. Today, rolled logs of the mash
left over from pressing the oil are used to fire pizza ovens in <st1:country-region
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Tanzania</st1:place></st1:country-region>. While
the latter is not a practice we would recommend, it does not seem to be having a
purgative effect on current customers! But no thorough scientific studies
have been done on the smoke. A smoke study of jatropha oil and briquettes has recently
been completed in <st1:place w:st="on">Europe</st1:place>, but it did not test
for toxic compounds. This is one reason why we insist on the stove being used
outside with the smoke vented away from the cook or perhaps eventually inside
if the smoke can be adequately vented to the outside. Dilution of smoke in
outside air is at least 100 times greater than dilution indoors. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>The jatropha that originated in <st1:place
w:st="on">Central America</st1:place> is not believed to be toxic, but the
varieties grown throughout the rest of the world are. The toxic varieties are believed
to contain more oil and are therefore the types planted by the biodiesel companies.
<st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Haiti</st1:place></st1:country-region>
is currently introducing the non toxic variety there. It would be our hope
that anyone planting jatropha from the start would use a non toxic variety, but
we know it is not credible that none of the toxic varieties available today
throughout the tropics would ever be used in our stove. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>The toxins in the seed and plant are
curcin, a type of lectin, phorbol esters, trypsin inhibiters, and phytates. (Incidentally,
curcin is not the same as its far more deadly cousin ricin. Please don’t
make the mistake, as some have in the past, that similar sounding names and
family connections mean they must have similar impacts.) Whether these toxins
are transferred to the smoke itself and, if so, in what concentrations has not
been scientifically studied.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>We do know some mitigating factors. Lectins
and phytates are normally detoxified by heating. We know that the toxic effects
of curcin, for example, are destroyed by raising the temperature to 120 degrees.
The mash left over from jatropha oil production is currently being heated and and
then fed to animals. Much less is known about the effects of the phorbol
esters in jatropha, but if they behave like other esters, they are unlikely to
survive the heat of our stove between ca 600 and 900C. Wood itself has toxic
and carcinogenic qualities. Just look at the creosote created in fireplaces or
charcoal production, yet we burn wood without any concern for its toxicity,
presumably because we are more familiar with it.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>In order to address legitimate concerns that
users may have about the smoke, Jet City StoveWorks has been doing research on
this issue. We are in the process of completing a literature study of
jatropha’s toxicity and we are currently in discussion with two laboratories
to have smoke composition tests done to identify the type and concentration of
toxins that may continue to exist in the smoke from our stove. We are hopeful
that, if the type and concentration, if any, of toxic compounds in the smoke of
jatropha from our stove can be identified, then more reliable inferences can drawn
by toxicologists as to the likelihood of their being harmful in whatever concentration
they may be found. We, of course, could never afford to do the years of animal
trials that would need to be undertaken to have absolute certainty, but neither
is any such certainty known about the smoke of burning wood or the exhaust from
diesel buses in our cities which we tolerate daily. Given what we know about
jatropha, we believe that the use of our stove will be at least better for a
cook’s health than its three stone fire alternative. We are having the
research done by competent third parties. We will place the results of the
third party testing on our website when they are completed.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>One caveat. I am neither a chemist nor a toxicologist,
so if you (by which I mean any listserve member who may wish to respond) are
one, and you believe I have stated something above that you believe to be
inaccurate or omitted some important item, please point it out. I am a lawyer.
I have read a lot about this subject since the issue created so much
controversy at the ETHOS conference last January and I believe the above to be accurate.
Our literature study and the smoke studies will far be more definitive.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Jan<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
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<hr size=2 width="100%" align=center tabindex=-1>
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<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font size=2
face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'>
stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org
[mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org] <b><span style='font-weight:
bold'>On Behalf Of </span></b>Christina Espinosa<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Wednesday, August 10, 2011
2:00 PM<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> <st1:PersonName w:st="on">Discussion
of biomass cooking stoves</st1:PersonName><br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> Re: [Stoves] Jatropha and
its future</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Hi All,<br>
Since the topic of jatropha came up I have been wondering a little about it's
use with stoves. Everything I have seen about stoves and jatropha so far does
not cover this. Maybe you all can help me answer these questions:<br>
<br>
1. Jatropha is poisonous right? How is this being mitigated in the processing
of the seed (making press cakes, oil extraction)?<br>
2. During combustion how is the poison altered?<br>
3. What studies have been done showing that there is no harmful poison being
transferred while cooking?<br>
<br>
Thanks!<br>
<br>
Christina Espinosa<br>
University of the Pacific '10<br>
<st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceType w:st="on">School</st1:PlaceType> of <st1:PlaceName
w:st="on">International</st1:PlaceName></st1:place> Studies<br>
<a href="mailto:c_espinosa1@u.pacific.edu" target="_blank">c_espinosa1@u.pacific.edu</a><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>On Wed, Aug 10, 2011 at 1:14 PM, Jan Bianchi <<a
href="mailto:janbianchi@comcast.net">janbianchi@comcast.net</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<div link=blue vlink=blue>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Ron<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Thank you for your
questions about the Jiko Safi, the jatropha seed stove that Jet City StoveWorks
is currently testing. I apologize for the delay in response, but I had to
pass the questions on to our developers as I am not technically competent to
answer all of them.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><u><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Why use jatropha
in the Jiko Safi? Why whole seed?</span></font></u> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Frankly, we got
involved in developing a jatropha seed stove because it hadn’t been
successfully done. Past efforts resulted in a very fast, smoky
burn. Jonathan Otto, who has been working in <st1:place w:st="on">East
Africa</st1:place> with farmers engaged in jatropha production, knew about the
past failures and jatropha’s abundance there and urged us to try.
One of our developers, Dave Covert, is an emeritus research professor in
Atmospheric Sciences from the <st1:PlaceType w:st="on">University</st1:PlaceType>
of <st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Washington</st1:PlaceName> and the other, David
Otto, is a contractor/ tinkerer extraordinaire in <st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">Seattle</st1:place></st1:City>. They had not traditionally
been “stovers,” but they are now.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>As you know,
jatropha is a very common tropical and sub-tropical non-food plant with
high energy content, available from <st1:country-region w:st="on">Haiti</st1:country-region>
to <st1:country-region w:st="on">Bhutan</st1:country-region> to <st1:country-region
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Indonesia</st1:place></st1:country-region>. It
can be easily cultivated as a hedge row and on land not suitable
for other crops. In many areas of the world we have reached 'Peak
Wood." Things will not change for the better as population
expands. One estimate suggests less than 4% of the jatropha seed
is harvested. We believe this largely unused rural energy source
has potential as an alternative to tree burning stoves, both charcoal and wood.
We believe that “there is no food security without fuel
security” and jatropha can be a secure fuel. Our hope is to make
the alternative stove available to the people who are now walking for hours
past jatropha on their way to a diminishing supply of trees. We expect
that eventually jatropha seed will also be available on the street
corners in villages and urban areas just as the much more expensive charcoal
and kerosene are now.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>In several places
around the world, there are experiments going on with jatropha seed cake
and rice hull blends where seed is purchased from the farmer then
transported to a center with the electricity necessary to run three
machines: an extractor that removes about 95% of the oil, a hammer mill
processes the seed cake with the rice hulls and other ingredients,
and a pelletizer to form the material in a way it can be burned. Finally
the pellets are transported back to the farmer/cook. This approach to using
jatropha could prove to work well in areas that have the machinery and the
electricity. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>In the meantime,
Jet City StoveWorks is focusing on a whole seed as a fuel for its simplicity,
availability and very small carbon footprint as well as putting the
farmer/ cook in charge of her fuel. It is a natural pellet stove.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><u><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>How did this stove
come to have a central air duct, a chimney, no port adjustment equipment,
the amount of secondary air holes etc.?</span></font></u><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>We started with
several specific goals: <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>(1)
The stove was specific to jatropha with its high energy content.
Other seeds with high oil content may work: castor, croton and sunflower
seeds come to mind, though some have competing uses. We will be testing
them in time. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>(2)
The stove must be direct, intuitive and simple to use,
requiring only a demonstration of how to light a TLUD stove. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>(3)
The stove will operate with natural draft: without fan if possible
and without moving parts--the bane of all machines in developing areas.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>(4) The
stove must be designed to have the lowest possible emissions and remove
whatever pollution that is created away from the cook and her family. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>(5)
The stove must be durable and long lasting. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>(6)
The stove's truly important field test is its success in meeting
the cook's needs as she prepares daily meals because only then will it be used.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>The stove evolved
over the past twelve months to its current form. Starting with TLUD principles
(e.g. seeking the correct balance of primary and secondary air, thank you
Paul Anderson), we then made rough calculations of the energy captured in the
seed and started building and modifying in a typical iterative process.
Typical stove designs all had too much primary air and often a promising
design would work well in some respect but not all. For example, we had
one model that would boil water like crazy but the temperature just above
the fuel was over 1100 C. When the central air duct was added in a week
long testing at the wonderful facility at CREEC in <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">Uganda</st1:place></st1:country-region>, the opposing secondary air
currents brought the turbulent flame down to a flat, reliable pattern.
We are experimenting with an adjustment that allows the primary air to be
shut off at the end of a burn to cut off the smoke that usually occurs at that
point. We are currently doing pollution testing, advocate open
source principles and so will be posting information at our new web site which
is currently under construction. http//<a
href="http://jetcitystoveworks.com" target="_blank">jetcitystoveworks.com</a>
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>The Jiko Safi is
currently being manufactured by metal workers in <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:City
w:st="on">Arusha</st1:City>, <st1:country-region w:st="on">Tanzania</st1:country-region></st1:place>,
who we have assisted in the financing of the tools and jigs necessary to
produce the stove within the tolerances required. That is the model we
expect to use wherever we introduce the stove so there will be local economic
development opportunities as well as someone available to repair the stove, if
necessary. It is currently designed to be used only outside. We
hope that kitchen testing will tell us whether it can be used indoors as long
as the chimney is ventilated to the outside.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>The testing and
manufacture is under being done with the assistance of the Department of
Agriculture, Partnership for Development, JANI, (Jatropha Agriculture and Nutrition
Initiative in <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Tanzania</st1:place></st1:country-region>,
and Pamoja, Inc. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Thanks for your
interest and questions. We welcome suggestions.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Jan <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>
<hr size=2 width="100%" align=center>
</span></font></div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><b><font
size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:
bold'>From:</span></font></b><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'> <a href="mailto:rongretlarson@comcast.net"
target="_blank">rongretlarson@comcast.net</a> [mailto:<a
href="mailto:rongretlarson@comcast.net" target="_blank">rongretlarson@comcast.net</a>]
<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Monday, August 08, 2011 8:21
PM<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> <st1:PersonName w:st="on">Discussion
of biomass cooking stoves</st1:PersonName>; Jan Bianchi<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma'><br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> Re: [Stoves] Jatropha and
its future<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font
size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black'>Jan and list<br>
<br>
This is to better understand your nice <st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Jet</st1:PlaceName>
<st1:PlaceType w:st="on">City</st1:PlaceType> stove .(for non West Coast <st1:country-region
w:st="on">USA</st1:country-region> readers - that means <st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">Seattle</st1:place></st1:City> - which has a lot of Biochar
activity)<br>
<br>
1. How did you happen to center on Jatropha? Have you
experimented both with whole seeds and the residue after pressing and how does
stove operation differ? Have you tried anything like wood chips?<br>
<br>
2. I think the flame pattern in your stove is wonderful. As
you say, very compact and obviously very turbulent - which must be
desirable. I am pretty sure the idea of central secondary air has been
mentioned n the past on this list as a possibility - but I don't recall ever
seeing it in practice. Can you describe a bit how you came to the present
dimensions ?<br>
<br>
3. I worry that you may now have too much secondary air - as the flame
seems to only be holding near the bottom row or two. Have you any way of
knowing what the dilution factor is? Tried operation with a smaller
number of interior holes (just plugging some progressively)?<br>
<br>
4. The central "column" (maybe with a different height) looks
like it might be able to hold a pot of the right size - since you would
then already have the "convection shield" that gives considerable
efficiency improvement. And you could retain the chimney height needed to get
your desired air flow and power level. Ever been tried?<br>
<br>
5. I have felt that controlling primary air supply to be an important
feature of pyrolysis stoves (TLUDs). It seems your bottom set of holes
could receive a rotating or sliding (or up and down) plate to accomplish
that. Has that ever been tried? (This being accomplished nicely
with a blower in the "Paul Olivier design also being discussed today.)<br>
<br>
Best of luck with what you are doing. Nice work.<br>
<br>
Ron<br>
</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black'>
<hr size=2 width="100%" align=center>
</span></font></div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt'><b><font
size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black;font-weight:bold'>From: </span></font></b><font color=black
face=Arial><span style='font-family:Arial;color:black'>"Jan Bianchi"
<<a href="mailto:janbianchi@comcast.net" target="_blank">janbianchi@comcast.net</a>><br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To: </span></b>"<st1:PersonName w:st="on">Discussion
of biomass cooking stoves</st1:PersonName>" <<a
href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>><br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent: </span></b>Monday, August 8, 2011
9:56:48 AM<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject: </span></b>Re: [Stoves] Jatropha and
its future</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black'>Roger</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black'>That stove in the ETHOS pictures was a prototype version. The
stove is now made from steel. </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black'>Jan<br>
<br>
Sent from my iPhone</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font
size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black'><br>
On Aug 8, 2011, at 8:51 AM, Fireside Hearth <<a
href="mailto:firesidehearthvashon@hotmail.com" target="_blank">firesidehearthvashon@hotmail.com</a>>
wrote:</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font
size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black'>Good morning....<br>
<br>
I am curious about a couple of the pictures of the stove by Otto....do I see
galvanized sheet metal used in area's of high heat? the text talks about 800deg
C. (1472 f.) if there is galvanized materials in contact with these temps it is
quite possible that galvanic poisoning could kill the operator. A friend of
mine was welding inside a galvanized pipe (large culvert for water drainage)
when his oxygen mask failed and a green colored gas entered his lungs causing
him some of the most horrible pain and near death experience imaginable. The
other question I have is the material thickness. It does not look like this
will withstand these temperatures for long. What is the life expectancy of this
unit when exposed to these temps. Does it make sense to build something a bit
more stout and send less of them to the land fill as the "burn out"
too quickly with these exposures. Not all ways can we value things simply on
"cost per unit" but "cost to the environment" should be
taken into account. After looking at the industrial area's of northern <st1:country-region
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">China</st1:place></st1:country-region> it seems
to me that it is the environment which is paying for our "cheap" flat
screens. </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black'>
<hr size=2 width="100%" align=center>
</span></font></div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font
size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black'>From: <a href="mailto:janbianchi@comcast.net" target="_blank"></a><a
href="mailto:janbianchi@comcast.net" target="_blank">janbianchi@comcast.net</a><br>
Date: Mon, 8 Aug 2011 08:08:37 -0700<br>
To: <a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank"></a><a
href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br>
Subject: Re: [Stoves] Jatropha and its future</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><st1:PlaceName
w:st="on"><font size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Arial;color:black'>Jet</span></font></st1:PlaceName><font
color=black face=Arial><span style='font-family:Arial;color:black'> <st1:PlaceType
w:st="on">City</st1:PlaceType> StoveWorks is currently conducting kitchen tests
of the jatropha seed stove Marc refers to in <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">Tanzania</st1:place></st1:country-region>.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black'> Jatropha grows wild throughout the tropics as well as
recently as biodiesel crop there. Alternatively, and more
productively, it can be grown as a hedge around land holdings so it need
not displace land for food production. That produces enough seed to fuel
the family cookstove for a year as well as have some left over to sell into the
Jatropha market. It costs at least four times less than a comparable burn time
for wood and six times less than charcoal.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black'>We are continuing CO and PM testing and hope to have our test
results online by next month. We had a stove at Aprovecho's stove camp
couple of weeks ago and will have one at Paul Anderson's TLUD camp in MA in
August. </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black'>Sent from my iPhone</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font
size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black'><br>
On Aug 8, 2011, at 2:10 AM, Marc Pare <<a href="mailto:mpare@gatech.edu"
target="_blank"></a><a href="mailto:mpare@gatech.edu" target="_blank">mpare@gatech.edu</a>>
wrote:</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black'>Crispin, re exisiting Jatropha stoves:</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black'>There was this one at ETHOS this year by J. Otto and friends:</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black'><a
href="http://www.vrac.iastate.edu/ethos/proceedings2011/OttoOttoCovert_JatrophaSeedCookingStoveDevelopmentPromotion.pdf"
target="_blank"></a><a
href="http://www.vrac.iastate.edu/ethos/proceedings2011/OttoOttoCovert_JatrophaSeedCookingStoveDevelopmentPromotion.pdf"
target="_blank"></a><a
href="http://www.vrac.iastate.edu/ethos/proceedings2011/OttoOttoCovert_JatrophaSeedCookingStoveDevelopmentPromotion.pdf"
target="_blank">http://www.vrac.iastate.edu/ethos/proceedings2011/OttoOttoCovert_JatrophaSeedCookingStoveDevelopmentPromotion.pdf</a></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black'>and a quick picture of it running outside in <st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">Kirkland</st1:place></st1:City>:</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black'><a
href="http://smallredtile.tumblr.com/post/3246717546/marc-in-the-wild-there-were-many-arguments-about"
target="_blank"></a><a
href="http://smallredtile.tumblr.com/post/3246717546/marc-in-the-wild-there-were-many-arguments-about"
target="_blank"></a><a
href="http://smallredtile.tumblr.com/post/3246717546/marc-in-the-wild-there-were-many-arguments-about"
target="_blank">http://smallredtile.tumblr.com/post/3246717546/marc-in-the-wild-there-were-many-arguments-about</a></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black'>It burns whole seeds in a natural draft TLUD. Draft is augmented
by an inner air pipe (lots of pictures of the assembly in the ETHOS
presentation)</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font
size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black'><br clear=all>
Marc Paré<br>
B.S. Mechanical Engineering<br>
Georgia Institute of Technology | Université de Technologie de Compiègne<br>
<br>
my cv, etc. | <a href="http://notwandering.com" target="_blank"></a><a
href="http://notwandering.com" target="_blank"></a><a
href="http://notwandering.com" target="_blank">http://notwandering.com</a></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black'>On Mon, Aug 8, 2011 at 1:36 AM, Crispin Pemberton-Pigott <<a
href="mailto:crispinpigott@gmail.com" target="_blank"></a><a
href="mailto:crispinpigott@gmail.com" target="_blank"></a><a
href="mailto:crispinpigott@gmail.com" target="_blank">crispinpigott@gmail.com</a>>
wrote:</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<div>
<p><font size=3 color=black face=Arial><span lang=EN-CA style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Arial;color:black'>Dear Friends</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><font size=3 color=black face=Arial><span lang=EN-CA style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Arial;color:black'>I am not sure how many stove are being worked on
as Jatropha seed or oil or cake burners, but my understanding was the main
thrust was to put to use some of the leftovers from biofuel production,
especially that was the focus in Tanzania.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><font size=3 color=black face=Arial><span lang=EN-CA style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Arial;color:black'>It seems those farmers who invested in Jatropha
production lost about $65 per ha <a
href="http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/es201943v" target="_blank"></a><a
href="http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/es201943v" target="_blank"></a><a
href="http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/es201943v" target="_blank">http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/es201943v</a>
so my question is whether or not there is much point in working on (perhaps)
whole seed stoves. Perhaps if the J-oil industry suffers a quick death there
will still be a meaningful supply of oily seed fuel that can be burned
relatively easily with a decent performance and controllability. At least until
they go back to sunflower which looks a lot more promising.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><font size=3 color=black face=Arial><span lang=EN-CA style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Arial;color:black'>Has anyone made a sunflower seed burning stove?
The oil runs up to 49% on some varieties.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><font size=3 color=black face=Arial><span lang=EN-CA style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Arial;color:black'>Always looking for new ideas…</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><font size=3 color=black face=Arial><span lang=EN-CA style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Arial;color:black'>Regards</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><font size=3 color=black face=Arial><span lang=EN-CA style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Arial;color:black'>Crispin</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><font size=1 color=black face=Garamond><span lang=EN-CA style='font-size:
8.0pt;font-family:Garamond;color:black'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><font size=3 color=black face=Arial><span lang=EN-CA style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Arial;color:black'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font
size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black'><br>
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<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
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</div>
</blockquote>
<blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font
size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;
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