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Christina (And Jan),<br>
<br>
Just to let you (and everyone) know, I was able to successfully
use/burn whole Jatropha nuts in a natural draft Top-Lit- UpDraft
(TLUD) stove (made out of tin cans) at the recent CHAB Camp hosted
by the Biomass Energy Foundation in Belchertown, MA. I did it
outdoors on a windy day.<br>
While I did not intentionally inhale the smoke, I do not believe
that the smoke of the J-nuts was any more toxic than other types of
smoke. Hugh McLaughlin actually explained that the smoke from a
Jatropha fire was likely just as toxic as from any other fire --
smoke of any kind tends to be something one should not breathe
[hence the warning on cigarette boxes].<br>
My little natural draft TLUD produced very little smoke once the
secondary airflow was adjusted properly and pyrolyzing the Jatropha
nuts, although when it was left unattended it did start smoking a
little bit at the end of the burn as the stove attempted to burn
through the resulting biochar. (Although if this were running
indoors, I would probably be more worried about the CO being
produced than any toxicity that might arise from the J-nuts.)<br>
<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72"> Lloyd Helferty, Engineering Technologist
Principal, Biochar Consulting (Canada)
<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="http://www.biochar-consulting.ca">www.biochar-consulting.ca</a>
603-48 Suncrest Blvd, Thornhill, ON, Canada
905-707-8754; 647-886-8754 (cell)
Skype: lloyd.helferty
Steering Committee member, Canadian Biochar Initiative
President, Co-founder & CBI Liaison, Biochar-Ontario
Advisory Committee Member, IBI
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.linkedin.com/groups?gid=1404717">http://www.linkedin.com/groups?gid=1404717</a>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=42237506675">http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=42237506675</a>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://groups.google.com/group/biochar-ontario">http://groups.google.com/group/biochar-ontario</a>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.meetup.com/biocharontario/">http://www.meetup.com/biocharontario/</a>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://grassrootsintelligence.blogspot.com">http://grassrootsintelligence.blogspot.com</a>
<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="http://www.biochar.ca">www.biochar.ca</a>
Biochar Offsets Group: <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.linkedin.com/groups?home=&gid=2446475">http://www.linkedin.com/groups?home=&gid=2446475</a>
"Necessity may be the mother of invention, but innovators need to address problems before they become absolute necessities..."</pre>
<br>
On 2011-08-10 8:33 PM, Jan Bianchi wrote:
<blockquote cite="mid:C7C68955FD51422781269C1ACBF1FB76@Bianchi"
type="cite">
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<div class="Section1">
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Arial"
color="navy"><span style="font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">Christina<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Arial"
color="navy"><span style="font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Arial"
color="navy"><span style="font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">Yes,
there are toxins in some varieties of
jatropha which, if eaten, can cause severe
abdominal cramping and even death if
not passed. That is why the plant operates so
well as a hedge. Animals won’t
eat through it. This is well-known in
communities which historically have
jatropha available where it is sometimes taken
intentionally as a purgative. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Arial"
color="navy"><span style="font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Arial"
color="navy"><span style="font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">Jatopha
oil has been burned for centuries with
no known ill effect, and it is currently being
burned as a biodiesel fuel in
cars in <st1:place w:st="on">Europe</st1:place>.
Today, rolled logs of the mash
left over from pressing the oil are used to
fire pizza ovens in <st1:country-region
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Tanzania</st1:place></st1:country-region>.
While
the latter is not a practice we would
recommend, it does not seem to be having a
purgative effect on current customers! But
no thorough scientific studies
have been done on the smoke. A smoke study of
jatropha oil and briquettes has recently
been completed in <st1:place w:st="on">Europe</st1:place>,
but it did not test
for toxic compounds. This is one reason why we
insist on the stove being used
outside with the smoke vented away from the
cook or perhaps eventually inside
if the smoke can be adequately vented to the
outside. Dilution of smoke in
outside air is at least 100 times greater than
dilution indoors. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Arial"
color="navy"><span style="font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Arial"
color="navy"><span style="font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">The
jatropha that originated in <st1:place
w:st="on">Central America</st1:place> is not
believed to be toxic, but the
varieties grown throughout the rest of the
world are. The toxic varieties are believed
to contain more oil and are therefore the
types planted by the biodiesel companies.
<st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">Haiti</st1:place></st1:country-region>
is currently introducing the non toxic variety
there. It would be our hope
that anyone planting jatropha from the start
would use a non toxic variety, but
we know it is not credible that none of the
toxic varieties available today
throughout the tropics would ever be used in
our stove. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Arial"
color="navy"><span style="font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Arial"
color="navy"><span style="font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">The
toxins in the seed and plant are
curcin, a type of lectin, phorbol esters,
trypsin inhibiters, and phytates.
(Incidentally,
curcin is not the same as its far more deadly
cousin ricin. Please don’t
make the mistake, as some have in the past,
that similar sounding names and
family connections mean they must have similar
impacts.) Whether these toxins
are transferred to the smoke itself and, if
so, in what concentrations has not
been scientifically studied.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Arial"
color="navy"><span style="font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Arial"
color="navy"><span style="font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">We do
know some mitigating factors. Lectins
and phytates are normally detoxified by
heating. We know that the toxic effects
of curcin, for example, are destroyed by
raising the temperature to 120 degrees.
The mash left over from jatropha oil
production is currently being heated and and
then fed to animals. Much less is known
about the effects of the phorbol
esters in jatropha, but if they behave like
other esters, they are unlikely to
survive the heat of our stove between ca 600
and 900C. Wood itself has toxic
and carcinogenic qualities. Just look at the
creosote created in fireplaces or
charcoal production, yet we burn wood without
any concern for its toxicity,
presumably because we are more familiar with
it.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Arial"
color="navy"><span style="font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Arial"
color="navy"><span style="font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">In order
to address legitimate concerns that
users may have about the smoke, Jet City
StoveWorks has been doing research on
this issue. We are in the process of
completing a literature study of
jatropha’s toxicity and we are currently in
discussion with two laboratories
to have smoke composition tests done to
identify the type and concentration of
toxins that may continue to exist in the smoke
from our stove. We are hopeful
that, if the type and concentration, if any,
of toxic compounds in the smoke of
jatropha from our stove can be identified,
then more reliable inferences can drawn
by toxicologists as to the likelihood of their
being harmful in whatever concentration
they may be found. We, of course, could never
afford to do the years of animal
trials that would need to be undertaken to
have absolute certainty, but neither
is any such certainty known about the smoke of
burning wood or the exhaust from
diesel buses in our cities which we tolerate
daily. Given what we know about
jatropha, we believe that the use of our stove
will be at least better for a
cook’s health than its three stone fire
alternative. We are having the
research done by competent third parties. We
will place the results of the
third party testing on our website when they
are completed.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Arial"
color="navy"><span style="font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Arial"
color="navy"><span style="font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">One
caveat. I am neither a chemist nor a
toxicologist,
so if you (by which I mean any listserve
member who may wish to respond) are
one, and you believe I have stated something
above that you believe to be
inaccurate or omitted some important item,
please point it out. I am a lawyer.
I have read a lot about this subject since the
issue created so much
controversy at the ETHOS conference last
January and I believe the above to be
accurate.
Our literature study and the smoke studies
will far be more definitive.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Arial"
color="navy"><span style="font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Arial"
color="navy"><span style="font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">Jan<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Arial"
color="navy"><span style="font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Arial"
color="navy"><span style="font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Arial"
color="navy"><span style="font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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</span></font></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><font size="2"
face="Tahoma"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold">From:</span></font></b><font
size="2" face="Tahoma"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma">
<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org">stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>
[<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org">mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>]
<b><span style="font-weight:
bold">On Behalf Of </span></b>Christina
Espinosa<br>
<b><span style="font-weight:bold">Sent:</span></b>
Wednesday, August 10, 2011
2:00 PM<br>
<b><span style="font-weight:bold">To:</span></b>
<st1:personname w:st="on">Discussion of
biomass cooking stoves</st1:personname><br>
<b><span style="font-weight:bold">Subject:</span></b>
Re: [Stoves] Jatropha and
its future</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" face="Times New
Roman"><span style="font-size:
12.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><font
size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">Hi All,<br>
Since the topic of jatropha came up I have
been wondering a little about it's
use with stoves. Everything I have seen about
stoves and jatropha so far does
not cover this. Maybe you all can help me
answer these questions:<br>
<br>
1. Jatropha is poisonous right? How is this
being mitigated in the processing
of the seed (making press cakes, oil
extraction)?<br>
2. During combustion how is the poison
altered?<br>
3. What studies have been done showing that
there is no harmful poison being
transferred while cooking?<br>
<br>
Thanks!<br>
<br>
Christina Espinosa<br>
University of the Pacific '10<br>
<st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placetype w:st="on">School</st1:placetype>
of <st1:placename w:st="on">International</st1:placename></st1:place>
Studies<br>
<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:c_espinosa1@u.pacific.edu"
target="_blank">c_espinosa1@u.pacific.edu</a><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" face="Times
New Roman"><span style="font-size:
12.0pt">On Wed, Aug 10, 2011 at 1:14 PM, Jan
Bianchi <<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:janbianchi@comcast.net">janbianchi@comcast.net</a>>
wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<div link="blue" vlink="blue">
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font
size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">Ron<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font
size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font
size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">Thank you for
your
questions about the Jiko Safi, the
jatropha seed stove that Jet City
StoveWorks
is currently testing. I apologize for
the delay in response, but I had to
pass the questions on to our developers
as I am not technically competent to
answer all of them.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font
size="2" face="Arial" color="navy"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy"> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><u><font
size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">Why use
jatropha
in the Jiko Safi? Why whole seed?</span></font></u> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font
size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font
size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">Frankly, we got
involved in developing a jatropha seed
stove because it hadn’t been
successfully done. Past efforts
resulted in a very fast, smoky
burn. Jonathan Otto, who has been
working in <st1:place w:st="on">East
Africa</st1:place> with farmers
engaged in jatropha production, knew
about the
past failures and jatropha’s abundance
there and urged us to try.
One of our developers, Dave Covert, is
an emeritus research professor in
Atmospheric Sciences from the <st1:placetype
w:st="on">University</st1:placetype>
of <st1:placename w:st="on">Washington</st1:placename>
and the other, David
Otto, is a contractor/ tinkerer
extraordinaire in <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">Seattle</st1:place></st1:city>.
They had not traditionally
been “stovers,” but they are now.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font
size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font
size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">As you know,
jatropha is a very common tropical and
sub-tropical non-food plant with
high energy content, available from <st1:country-region
w:st="on">Haiti</st1:country-region>
to <st1:country-region w:st="on">Bhutan</st1:country-region>
to <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">Indonesia</st1:place></st1:country-region>.
It
can be easily cultivated as a hedge row
and on land not suitable
for other crops. In many areas of the
world we have reached 'Peak
Wood." Things will not change for the
better as population
expands. One estimate suggests less than
4% of the jatropha seed
is harvested. We believe this largely
unused rural energy source
has potential as an alternative to tree
burning stoves, both charcoal and wood.
We believe that “there is no food
security without fuel
security” and jatropha can be a secure
fuel. Our hope is to make
the alternative stove available to the
people who are now walking for hours
past jatropha on their way to a
diminishing supply of trees. We expect
that eventually jatropha seed will
also be available on the street
corners in villages and urban areas just
as the much more expensive charcoal
and kerosene are now.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font
size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font
size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">In several
places
around the world, there are experiments
going on with jatropha seed cake
and rice hull blends where seed is
purchased from the farmer then
transported to a center with the
electricity necessary to run three
machines: an extractor that removes
about 95% of the oil, a hammer mill
processes the seed cake with the rice
hulls and other ingredients,
and a pelletizer to form the material in
a way it can be burned. Finally
the pellets are transported back to the
farmer/cook. This approach to using
jatropha could prove to work well in
areas that have the machinery and the
electricity. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font
size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font
size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">In the
meantime,
Jet City StoveWorks is focusing on a
whole seed as a fuel for its simplicity,
availability and very small carbon
footprint as well as putting the
farmer/ cook in charge of her fuel. It
is a natural pellet stove.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font
size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><u><font
size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">How did this
stove
come to have a central air duct, a
chimney, no port adjustment equipment,
the amount of secondary air holes
etc.?</span></font></u><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font
size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">We started with
several specific goals: <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font
size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">(1)
The stove was specific to jatropha
with its high energy content.
Other seeds with high oil content may
work: castor, croton and sunflower
seeds come to mind, though some have
competing uses. We will be testing
them in time. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font
size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">(2)
The stove must be direct, intuitive
and simple to use,
requiring only a demonstration of how
to light a TLUD stove. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font
size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">(3)
The stove will operate with natural
draft: without fan if possible
and without moving parts--the bane of
all machines in developing areas.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font
size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">(4) The
stove must be designed to have the
lowest possible emissions and remove
whatever pollution that is created away
from the cook and her family. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font
size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">(5)
The stove must be durable and long
lasting. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font
size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">(6)
The stove's truly important field test
is its success in meeting
the cook's needs as she prepares daily
meals because only then will it be used.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font
size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font
size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">The stove
evolved
over the past twelve months to its
current form. Starting with TLUD
principles
(e.g. seeking the correct balance of
primary and secondary air, thank you
Paul Anderson), we then made rough
calculations of the energy captured in
the
seed and started building and modifying
in a typical iterative process.
Typical stove designs all had too much
primary air and often a promising
design would work well in some respect
but not all. For example, we had
one model that would boil water
like crazy but the temperature just
above
the fuel was over 1100 C. When the
central air duct was added in a week
long testing at the wonderful facility
at CREEC in <st1:country-region
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Uganda</st1:place></st1:country-region>,
the opposing secondary air
currents brought the turbulent flame
down to a flat, reliable pattern.
We are experimenting with an adjustment
that allows the primary air to be
shut off at the end of a burn to cut off
the smoke that usually occurs at that
point. We are currently doing pollution
testing, advocate open
source principles and so will be posting
information at our new web site which
is currently under construction. http//<a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://jetcitystoveworks.com"
target="_blank">jetcitystoveworks.com</a>
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font
size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font
size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">The Jiko Safi
is
currently being manufactured by metal
workers in <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city
w:st="on">Arusha</st1:city>, <st1:country-region
w:st="on">Tanzania</st1:country-region></st1:place>,
who we have assisted in the financing of
the tools and jigs necessary to
produce the stove within the tolerances
required. That is the model we
expect to use wherever we introduce the
stove so there will be local economic
development opportunities as well as
someone available to repair the stove,
if
necessary. It is currently designed to
be used only outside. We
hope that kitchen testing will tell us
whether it can be used indoors as long
as the chimney is ventilated to the
outside.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font
size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font
size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">The testing and
manufacture is under being done with the
assistance of the Department of
Agriculture, Partnership for
Development, JANI, (Jatropha Agriculture
and Nutrition
Initiative in <st1:country-region
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Tanzania</st1:place></st1:country-region>,
and Pamoja, Inc. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font
size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font
size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">Thanks for your
interest and questions. We welcome
suggestions.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font
size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font
size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">Jan <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font
size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font
size="2" face="Arial" color="navy"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy"> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font
size="2" face="Arial" color="navy"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy"> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<div class="MsoNormal"
style="text-align:center" align="center"><font
size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt">
<hr size="2" width="100%"
align="center">
</span></font></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><font
size="2" face="Tahoma"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:
bold">From:</span></font></b><font
size="2" face="Tahoma"><span
style="font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma"> <a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:rongretlarson@comcast.net"
target="_blank">rongretlarson@comcast.net</a>
[mailto:<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:rongretlarson@comcast.net"
target="_blank">rongretlarson@comcast.net</a>]
<br>
<b><span style="font-weight:bold">Sent:</span></b>
Monday, August 08, 2011 8:21
PM<br>
<b><span style="font-weight:bold">To:</span></b>
<st1:personname w:st="on">Discussion
of biomass cooking stoves</st1:personname>;
Jan Bianchi<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2"
face="Tahoma"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma"><br>
<b><span style="font-weight:bold">Subject:</span></b>
Re: [Stoves] Jatropha and
its future<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font
size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt"> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt"><font
size="3" face="Arial"
color="black"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black">Jan and list<br>
<br>
This is to better
understand your nice <st1:placename
w:st="on">Jet</st1:placename>
<st1:placetype w:st="on">City</st1:placetype>
stove .(for non West Coast
<st1:country-region
w:st="on">USA</st1:country-region>
readers - that means <st1:city
w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">Seattle</st1:place></st1:city>
- which has a lot of
Biochar
activity)<br>
<br>
1. How did you happen
to center on Jatropha?
Have you
experimented both with
whole seeds and the
residue after pressing and
how does
stove operation differ?
Have you tried anything
like wood chips?<br>
<br>
2. I think the flame
pattern in your stove is
wonderful. As
you say, very compact and
obviously very turbulent -
which must be
desirable. I am pretty
sure the idea of central
secondary air has been
mentioned n the past on
this list as a possibility
- but I don't recall ever
seeing it in practice.
Can you describe a bit how
you came to the present
dimensions ?<br>
<br>
3. I worry that you may
now have too much
secondary air - as the
flame
seems to only be holding
near the bottom row or
two. Have you any way of
knowing what the dilution
factor is? Tried
operation with a smaller
number of interior holes
(just plugging some
progressively)?<br>
<br>
4. The central "column"
(maybe with a different
height) looks
like it might be able to
hold a pot of the right
size - since you would
then already have the
"convection shield" that
gives considerable
efficiency improvement.
And you could retain the
chimney height needed to
get
your desired air flow and
power level. Ever been
tried?<br>
<br>
5. I have felt that
controlling primary air
supply to be an important
feature of pyrolysis
stoves (TLUDs). It seems
your bottom set of holes
could receive a rotating
or sliding (or up and
down) plate to accomplish
that. Has that ever been
tried? (This being
accomplished nicely
with a blower in the "Paul
Olivier design also being
discussed today.)<br>
<br>
Best of luck with what you
are doing. Nice work.<br>
<br>
Ron<br>
</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<div class="MsoNormal"
style="text-align:center"
align="center"><font size="3"
face="Arial" color="black"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black">
<hr size="2" width="100%"
align="center">
</span></font></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt"><b><font
size="3" face="Arial"
color="black"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black;font-weight:bold">From: </span></font></b><font
face="Arial" color="black"><span
style="font-family:Arial;color:black">"Jan Bianchi"
<<a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:janbianchi@comcast.net"
target="_blank">janbianchi@comcast.net</a>><br>
<b><span
style="font-weight:bold">To:
</span></b>"<st1:personname
w:st="on">Discussion of
biomass cooking stoves</st1:personname>"
<<a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org"
target="_blank">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>><br>
<b><span
style="font-weight:bold">Sent:
</span></b>Monday,
August 8, 2011
9:56:48 AM<br>
<b><span
style="font-weight:bold">Subject:
</span></b>Re: [Stoves]
Jatropha and
its future</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font
size="3" face="Arial"
color="black"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black">Roger</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font
size="3" face="Arial"
color="black"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black"> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font
size="3" face="Arial"
color="black"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black">That stove
in the ETHOS pictures
was a prototype version.
The
stove is now made from
steel. </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font
size="3" face="Arial"
color="black"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black"> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font
size="3" face="Arial"
color="black"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black">Jan<br>
<br>
Sent from my iPhone</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt"><font
size="3" face="Arial"
color="black"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black"><br>
On Aug 8, 2011, at 8:51
AM, Fireside Hearth <<a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:firesidehearthvashon@hotmail.com" target="_blank">firesidehearthvashon@hotmail.com</a>>
wrote:</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<blockquote
style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt"><font
size="3" face="Arial"
color="black"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black">Good
morning....<br>
<br>
I am curious about a
couple of the
pictures of the
stove by Otto....do
I see
galvanized sheet
metal used in area's
of high heat? the
text talks about
800deg
C. (1472 f.) if
there is galvanized
materials in contact
with these temps it
is
quite possible that
galvanic poisoning
could kill the
operator. A friend
of
mine was welding
inside a galvanized
pipe (large culvert
for water drainage)
when his oxygen mask
failed and a green
colored gas entered
his lungs causing
him some of the most
horrible pain and
near death
experience
imaginable. The
other question I
have is the material
thickness. It does
not look like this
will withstand these
temperatures for
long. What is the
life expectancy of
this
unit when exposed to
these temps. Does it
make sense to build
something a bit
more stout and send
less of them to the
land fill as the
"burn out"
too quickly with
these exposures. Not
all ways can we
value things simply
on
"cost per unit" but
"cost to the
environment" should
be
taken into account.
After looking at the
industrial area's of
northern <st1:country-region
w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">China</st1:place></st1:country-region>
it seems
to me that it is the
environment which is
paying for our
"cheap" flat
screens. </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<div class="MsoNormal"
style="text-align:center"
align="center"><font
size="3"
face="Arial"
color="black"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black">
<hr size="2"
width="100%"
align="center">
</span></font></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt"><font
size="3"
face="Arial"
color="black"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black">From:
<a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:janbianchi@comcast.net" target="_blank">janbianchi@comcast.net</a><br>
Date: Mon, 8 Aug
2011 08:08:37
-0700<br>
To: <a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br>
Subject: Re:
[Stoves] Jatropha
and its future</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><st1:placename
w:st="on"><font
size="3"
face="Arial"
color="black"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Arial;color:black">Jet</span></font></st1:placename><font
face="Arial"
color="black"><span
style="font-family:Arial;color:black"> <st1:placetype w:st="on">City</st1:placetype>
StoveWorks is
currently
conducting
kitchen tests
of the jatropha
seed stove Marc
refers to in <st1:country-region
w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">Tanzania</st1:place></st1:country-region>.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font
size="3"
face="Arial"
color="black"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black"> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font
size="3"
face="Arial"
color="black"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black"> Jatropha
grows wild
throughout the
tropics as well
as
recently as
biodiesel crop
there.
Alternatively,
and more
productively,
it can be grown
as a hedge
around land
holdings so it
need
not displace
land for food
production.
That produces
enough seed to
fuel
the family
cookstove for a
year as well as
have some left
over to sell
into the
Jatropha market.
It costs at
least four times
less than a
comparable burn
time
for wood and six
times less than
charcoal.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font
size="3"
face="Arial"
color="black"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black"> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font
size="3"
face="Arial"
color="black"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black">We
are continuing
CO and PM
testing and hope
to have our test
results online
by next month.
We had a stove
at Aprovecho's
stove camp
couple of weeks
ago and will
have one at Paul
Anderson's TLUD
camp in MA in
August. </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font
size="3"
face="Arial"
color="black"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black">Sent
from my iPhone</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt"><font
size="3"
face="Arial"
color="black"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black"><br>
On Aug 8, 2011,
at 2:10 AM, Marc
Pare <<a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:mpare@gatech.edu" target="_blank">mpare@gatech.edu</a>>
wrote:</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<blockquote
style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font
size="3"
face="Arial"
color="black"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black">Crispin,
re exisiting
Jatropha
stoves:</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p
class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font
size="3"
face="Arial"
color="black"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black"> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p
class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font
size="3"
face="Arial"
color="black"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black">There
was this one
at ETHOS this
year by J.
Otto and
friends:</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p
class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font
size="3"
face="Arial"
color="black"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black"><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.vrac.iastate.edu/ethos/proceedings2011/OttoOttoCovert_JatrophaSeedCookingStoveDevelopmentPromotion.pdf"
target="_blank">http://www.vrac.iastate.edu/ethos/proceedings2011/OttoOttoCovert_JatrophaSeedCookingStoveDevelopmentPromotion.pdf</a></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p
class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font
size="3"
face="Arial"
color="black"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black">and
a quick
picture of it
running
outside in <st1:city
w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">Kirkland</st1:place></st1:city>:</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p
class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font
size="3"
face="Arial"
color="black"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black"><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://smallredtile.tumblr.com/post/3246717546/marc-in-the-wild-there-were-many-arguments-about"
target="_blank">http://smallredtile.tumblr.com/post/3246717546/marc-in-the-wild-there-were-many-arguments-about</a></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p
class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font
size="3"
face="Arial"
color="black"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black"> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p
class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font
size="3"
face="Arial"
color="black"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black">It
burns whole
seeds in a
natural draft
TLUD. Draft is
augmented
by an inner
air pipe (lots
of pictures of
the assembly
in the ETHOS
presentation)</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p
class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt"><font size="3"
face="Arial"
color="black"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black"><br
clear="all">
Marc Paré<br>
B.S.
Mechanical
Engineering<br>
Georgia
Institute of
Technology |
Université de
Technologie de
Compiègne<br>
<br>
my cv, etc. |
<a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://notwandering.com" target="_blank">http://notwandering.com</a></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p
class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font
size="3"
face="Arial"
color="black"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black">On
Mon, Aug 8,
2011 at 1:36
AM, Crispin
Pemberton-Pigott
<<a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:crispinpigott@gmail.com" target="_blank">crispinpigott@gmail.com</a>>
wrote:</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<div>
<p><font
size="3"
face="Arial"
color="black"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Arial;color:black" lang="EN-CA">Dear Friends</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><font
size="3"
face="Arial"
color="black"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Arial;color:black" lang="EN-CA">I am not sure how many stove
are being
worked on
as Jatropha
seed or oil or
cake burners,
but my
understanding
was the main
thrust was to
put to use
some of the
leftovers from
biofuel
production,
especially
that was the
focus in
Tanzania.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><font
size="3"
face="Arial"
color="black"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Arial;color:black" lang="EN-CA">It seems those farmers who
invested in
Jatropha
production
lost about $65
per ha <a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/es201943v" target="_blank">http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/es201943v</a>
so my question
is whether or
not there is
much point in
working on
(perhaps)
whole seed
stoves.
Perhaps if the
J-oil industry
suffers a
quick death
there
will still be
a meaningful
supply of oily
seed fuel
that can be
burned
relatively
easily with a
decent
performance
and
controllability.
At least until
they go back
to sunflower
which looks a
lot more
promising.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><font
size="3"
face="Arial"
color="black"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Arial;color:black" lang="EN-CA">Has anyone made a sunflower
seed burning
stove?
The oil runs
up to 49% on
some
varieties.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><font
size="3"
face="Arial"
color="black"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Arial;color:black" lang="EN-CA">Always looking for new
ideas…</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><font
size="3"
face="Arial"
color="black"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Arial;color:black" lang="EN-CA">Regards</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><font
size="3"
face="Arial"
color="black"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Arial;color:black" lang="EN-CA">Crispin</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><font
size="1"
face="Garamond"
color="black"><span
style="font-size:
8.0pt;font-family:Garamond;color:black" lang="EN-CA"> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><font
size="3"
face="Arial"
color="black"><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Arial;color:black" lang="EN-CA"> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
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<pre wrap="">_______________________________________________
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for more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see our web site:
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.bioenergylists.org/">http://www.bioenergylists.org/</a>
</pre>
</o:smarttagtype></o:smarttagtype></o:smarttagtype></o:smarttagtype></o:smarttagtype></o:smarttagtype></blockquote>
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