<html xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40">
<head>
<meta http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
<meta name=Generator content="Microsoft Word 11 (filtered medium)">
<!--[if !mso]>
<style>
v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
.shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
</style>
<![endif]--><o:SmartTagType
namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="PlaceName"/>
<o:SmartTagType namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"
name="PlaceType"/>
<o:SmartTagType namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"
name="State"/>
<o:SmartTagType namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"
name="country-region"/>
<o:SmartTagType namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"
name="City"/>
<o:SmartTagType namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"
name="place"/>
<o:SmartTagType namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"
name="PersonName"/>
<!--[if !mso]>
<style>
st1\:*{behavior:url(#default#ieooui) }
</style>
<![endif]-->
<style>
<!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:Tahoma;
panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:Garamond;
panose-1:2 2 4 4 3 3 1 1 8 3;}
@font-face
{font-family:"Times New\000D\000A";
panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:"Times\000D\000A";
panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:black;}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
{color:blue;
text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
{color:blue;
text-decoration:underline;}
p
{mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
margin-right:0in;
mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:0in;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:black;}
pre
{margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New";
color:black;}
span.EmailStyle19
{mso-style-type:personal;
font-family:Arial;
color:navy;}
span.EmailStyle20
{mso-style-type:personal-reply;
font-family:Arial;
color:navy;}
@page Section1
{size:8.5in 11.0in;
margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in;}
div.Section1
{page:Section1;}
-->
</style>
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapedefaults v:ext="edit" spidmax="1026" />
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapelayout v:ext="edit">
<o:idmap v:ext="edit" data="1" />
</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]-->
</head>
<body bgcolor=white lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=blue>
<div class=Section1>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Lloyd, <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>I’m glad to hear you were successful
in burning jatropha seed. We have the same experience with it being smoky at
the end of the burn which is why we’ve been toying with being able to
shut off the primary air toward the end.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>There seem to be many opinions about the
possible toxicity of jatropha seed smoke, many strongly felt. I’m glad
to have another vote for it not likely being any more toxic than wood smoke.
We believe that. Paul Anderson does too. But because we don’t have long
experience with burning the seed, we still think we would benefit from testing
it.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Jan<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
color=black face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:windowtext'>
<hr size=2 width="100%" align=center tabindex=-1>
</span></font></div>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=2 color=black face=Tahoma><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:windowtext;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font
size=2 color=black face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;
color:windowtext'> Lloyd Helferty [mailto:lhelferty@sympatico.ca] <br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Tuesday, August 16, 2011
11:31 AM<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> <st1:PersonName w:st="on">Discussion
of biomass cooking stoves</st1:PersonName><br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Cc:</span></b> Jan Bianchi;
c_espinosa1@u.pacific.edu<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> Re: [Stoves] Jatropha and
its future</span></font><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>Christina (And Jan),<br>
<br>
Just to let you (and everyone) know, I was able to successfully use/burn
whole Jatropha nuts in a natural draft Top-Lit- UpDraft (TLUD) stove (made out
of tin cans) at the recent CHAB Camp hosted by the Biomass Energy Foundation in
Belchertown, MA. I did it outdoors on a windy day.<br>
While I did not intentionally inhale the smoke, I do not believe that
the smoke of the J-nuts was any more toxic than other types of smoke.
Hugh McLaughlin actually explained that the smoke from a Jatropha fire was
likely just as toxic as from any other fire -- smoke of any kind tends to be
something one should not breathe [hence the warning on cigarette boxes].<br>
My little natural draft TLUD produced very little smoke once the
secondary airflow was adjusted properly and pyrolyzing the Jatropha nuts,
although when it was left unattended it did start smoking a little bit at the
end of the burn as the stove attempted to burn through the resulting
biochar. (Although if this were running indoors, I would probably be more
worried about the CO being produced than any toxicity that might arise from the
J-nuts.)<br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<pre><font size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> Lloyd Helferty, Engineering Technologist<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> Principal, Biochar Consulting (<st1:country-region
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Canada</st1:place></st1:country-region>)<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> <a
href="http://www.biochar-consulting.ca">www.biochar-consulting.ca</a><o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> <st1:place
w:st="on">603-48 Suncrest Blvd, <st1:City w:st="on">Thornhill</st1:City>, <st1:State
w:st="on">ON</st1:State>, <st1:country-region w:st="on">Canada</st1:country-region></st1:place><o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> 905-707-8754; 647-886-8754 (cell)<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> Skype: lloyd.helferty<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> Steering Committee member, Canadian Biochar Initiative<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> President, Co-founder & CBI Liaison, Biochar-Ontario<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> Advisory Committee Member, IBI<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> <a
href="http://www.linkedin.com/groups?gid=1404717">http://www.linkedin.com/groups?gid=1404717</a><o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> <a
href="http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=42237506675">http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=42237506675</a><o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> <a
href="http://groups.google.com/group/biochar-ontario">http://groups.google.com/group/biochar-ontario</a><o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> <a
href="http://www.meetup.com/biocharontario/">http://www.meetup.com/biocharontario/</a><o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> <a
href="http://grassrootsintelligence.blogspot.com">http://grassrootsintelligence.blogspot.com</a><o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> <a
href="http://www.biochar.ca">www.biochar.ca</a><o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>Biochar Offsets Group: <a
href="http://www.linkedin.com/groups?home=&gid=2446475">http://www.linkedin.com/groups?home=&gid=2446475</a><o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>"Necessity may be the mother of invention, but innovators need to address problems before they become absolute necessities..."<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'><br>
On 2011-08-10 8:33 PM, Jan Bianchi wrote: <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><u1:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="PlaceName"><u1:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="PlaceType"><u1:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="country-region"><u1:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="City"><u1:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="place"><u1:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="PersonName">Christina<u1:p></u1:p></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><u1:p> </u1:p></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Yes, there are toxins in some varieties of
jatropha which, if eaten, can cause severe abdominal cramping and even death if
not passed. That is why the plant operates so well as a hedge.
Animals won’t eat through it. This is well-known in communities
which historically have jatropha available where it is sometimes taken
intentionally as a purgative. <u1:p></u1:p></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><u1:p> </u1:p></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Jatopha oil has been burned for centuries
with no known ill effect, and it is currently being burned as a biodiesel fuel
in cars in <st1:place u2:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Europe</st1:place></st1:place>.
Today, rolled logs of the mash left over from pressing the oil are used to fire
pizza ovens in <st1:country-region u2:st="on"><st1:place u2:st="on"><st1:country-region
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Tanzania</st1:place></st1:country-region></st1:place></st1:country-region>.
While the latter is not a practice we would recommend, it does not seem to be
having a purgative effect on current customers! But no thorough
scientific studies have been done on the smoke. A smoke study of jatropha
oil and briquettes has recently been completed in <st1:place u2:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">Europe</st1:place></st1:place>, but it did not test for toxic
compounds. This is one reason why we insist on the stove being used outside
with the smoke vented away from the cook or perhaps eventually inside if the
smoke can be adequately vented to the outside. Dilution of smoke in
outside air is at least 100 times greater than dilution indoors. <u1:p></u1:p></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><u1:p> </u1:p></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>The jatropha that originated in <st1:place u2:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">Central America</st1:place></st1:place> is not believed to be toxic,
but the varieties grown throughout the rest of the world are. The toxic
varieties are believed to contain more oil and are therefore the types planted
by the biodiesel companies. <st1:country-region u2:st="on"><st1:place u2:st="on"><st1:country-region
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Haiti</st1:place></st1:country-region></st1:place></st1:country-region>
is currently introducing the non toxic variety there. It would be our
hope that anyone planting jatropha from the start would use a non toxic
variety, but we know it is not credible that none of the toxic varieties
available today throughout the tropics would ever be used in our stove. <u1:p></u1:p></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><u1:p> </u1:p></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>The toxins in the seed and plant are
curcin, a type of lectin, phorbol esters, trypsin inhibiters, and
phytates. (Incidentally, curcin is not the same as its far more
deadly cousin ricin. Please don’t make the mistake, as some have in
the past, that similar sounding names and family connections mean they must
have similar impacts.) Whether these toxins are transferred to the
smoke itself and, if so, in what concentrations has not been scientifically
studied.<u1:p></u1:p></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><u1:p> </u1:p></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>We do know some mitigating factors.
Lectins and phytates are normally detoxified by heating. We know that the
toxic effects of curcin, for example, are destroyed by raising the temperature
to 120 degrees. The mash left over from jatropha oil production is currently
being heated and and then fed to animals. Much less is known about
the effects of the phorbol esters in jatropha, but if they behave like other
esters, they are unlikely to survive the heat of our stove between ca 600 and
900C. Wood itself has toxic and carcinogenic qualities. Just look
at the creosote created in fireplaces or charcoal production, yet we burn wood
without any concern for its toxicity, presumably because we are more familiar
with it.<u1:p></u1:p></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><u1:p> </u1:p></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>In order to address legitimate concerns
that users may have about the smoke, Jet City StoveWorks has been doing
research on this issue. We are in the process of completing a
literature study of jatropha’s toxicity and we are currently in
discussion with two laboratories to have smoke composition tests done to
identify the type and concentration of toxins that may continue to exist in the
smoke from our stove. We are hopeful that, if the type and concentration,
if any, of toxic compounds in the smoke of jatropha from our stove can be
identified, then more reliable inferences can drawn by toxicologists as to the
likelihood of their being harmful in whatever concentration they may be
found. We, of course, could never afford to do the years of animal trials
that would need to be undertaken to have absolute certainty, but neither is any
such certainty known about the smoke of burning wood or the exhaust from diesel
buses in our cities which we tolerate daily. Given what we know about
jatropha, we believe that the use of our stove will be at least better for a
cook’s health than its three stone fire alternative. We are having
the research done by competent third parties. We will place the results
of the third party testing on our website when they are completed.<u1:p></u1:p></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><u1:p> </u1:p></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>One caveat. I am neither a chemist
nor a toxicologist, so if you (by which I mean any listserve member who may
wish to respond) are one, and you believe I have stated something above that
you believe to be inaccurate or omitted some important item, please point it
out. I am a lawyer. I have read a lot about this subject since the issue
created so much controversy at the ETHOS conference last January and I believe
the above to be accurate. Our literature study and the smoke studies will
far be more definitive.<u1:p></u1:p></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><u1:p> </u1:p></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Jan<u1:p></u1:p></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><u1:p> </u1:p></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><u1:p> </u1:p></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><u1:p> </u1:p></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
color=black face="Times New
"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New\000D\000A"'>
<hr size=2 width="100%" align=center tabindex=-1>
</span></font></div>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=2 color=black face=Tahoma><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font
size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'> <a
href="mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org">stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>
[<a href="mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org">mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>]
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>On Behalf Of </span></b>Christina Espinosa<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Wednesday, August 10, 2011
2:00 PM<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> <st1:personname u2:st="on"><st1:PersonName
w:st="on">Discussion of biomass cooking stoves</st1:personname></st1:PersonName><br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> Re: [Stoves] Jatropha and
its future</span></font><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face="Times New
"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New\000D\000A"'><u1:p> </u1:p></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font size=3 color=black
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Hi All,<br>
Since the topic of jatropha came up I have been wondering a little about it's
use with stoves. Everything I have seen about stoves and jatropha so far does
not cover this. Maybe you all can help me answer these questions:<br>
<br>
1. Jatropha is poisonous right? How is this being mitigated in the processing
of the seed (making press cakes, oil extraction)?<br>
2. During combustion how is the poison altered?<br>
3. What studies have been done showing that there is no harmful poison being
transferred while cooking?<br>
<br>
Thanks!<br>
<br>
Christina Espinosa<br>
University of the Pacific '10<br>
<st1:place u2:st="on"><st1:placetype u2:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceType
w:st="on">School</st1:placetype></st1:PlaceType> of <st1:placename u2:st="on"><st1:PlaceName
w:st="on">International</st1:placename></st1:place></st1:PlaceName></st1:place>
Studies<br>
<a href="mailto:c_espinosa1@u.pacific.edu" target="_blank"
moz-do-not-send=true>c_espinosa1@u.pacific.edu</a><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face="Times
"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times\000D\000A"'>On Wed, Aug 10, 2011 at
1:14 PM, Jan Bianchi <<a href="mailto:janbianchi@comcast.net"
moz-do-not-send=true>janbianchi@comcast.net</a>> wrote:<u1:p></u1:p></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<div link=blue vlink=blue>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Ron<u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'> <u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Thank
you for your questions about the Jiko Safi, the jatropha seed stove that Jet
City StoveWorks is currently testing. I apologize for the delay in
response, but I had to pass the questions on to our developers as I am not
technically competent to answer all of them.<u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'> </span></font><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><u><font
size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Why
use jatropha in the Jiko Safi? Why whole seed?</span></font></u> <u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'> <u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Frankly,
we got involved in developing a jatropha seed stove because it hadn’t
been successfully done. Past efforts resulted in a very fast, smoky
burn. Jonathan Otto, who has been working in <st1:place u2:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">East Africa</st1:place></st1:place> with farmers engaged in jatropha
production, knew about the past failures and jatropha’s abundance there
and urged us to try. One of our developers, Dave Covert, is an
emeritus research professor in Atmospheric Sciences from the <st1:placetype u2:st="on"><st1:PlaceType
w:st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:PlaceType> of <st1:placename u2:st="on"><st1:PlaceName
w:st="on">Washington</st1:placename></st1:PlaceName> and the other, David Otto,
is a contractor/ tinkerer extraordinaire in <st1:city u2:st="on"><st1:place u2:st="on"><st1:City
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Seattle</st1:place></st1:city></st1:place></st1:City>.
They had not traditionally been “stovers,” but they are now.<u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'> <u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>As you
know, jatropha is a very common tropical and sub-tropical non-food plant
with high energy content, available from <st1:country-region u2:st="on"><st1:country-region
w:st="on">Haiti</st1:country-region></st1:country-region> to <st1:country-region u2:st="on"><st1:country-region
w:st="on">Bhutan</st1:country-region></st1:country-region> to <st1:country-region u2:st="on"><st1:place u2:st="on"><st1:country-region
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Indonesia</st1:place></st1:country-region></st1:place></st1:country-region>.
It can be easily cultivated as a hedge row and on land not suitable
for other crops. In many areas of the world we have reached 'Peak
Wood." Things will not change for the better as population
expands. One estimate suggests less than 4% of the jatropha seed
is harvested. We believe this largely unused rural energy
source has potential as an alternative to tree burning stoves, both charcoal
and wood. We believe that “there is no food security without fuel
security” and jatropha can be a secure fuel. Our hope is to make
the alternative stove available to the people who are now walking for hours
past jatropha on their way to a diminishing supply of trees. We expect
that eventually jatropha seed will also be available on the street
corners in villages and urban areas just as the much more expensive
charcoal and kerosene are now.<u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'> <u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>In
several places around the world, there are experiments going on with
jatropha seed cake and rice hull blends where seed is purchased from the
farmer then transported to a center with the electricity necessary to
run three machines: an extractor that removes about 95% of the oil, a
hammer mill processes the seed cake with the rice hulls and other
ingredients, and a pelletizer to form the material in a way it can be
burned. Finally the pellets are transported back to the farmer/cook. This
approach to using jatropha could prove to work well in areas that have the
machinery and the electricity. <u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'> <u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>In the
meantime, Jet City StoveWorks is focusing on a whole seed as a fuel for its
simplicity, availability and very small carbon footprint as well as
putting the farmer/ cook in charge of her fuel. It is a natural pellet
stove.<u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'> <u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><u><font
size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>How
did this stove come to have a central air duct, a chimney, no port
adjustment equipment, the amount of secondary air holes etc.?</span></font></u><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>We
started with several specific goals: <u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>(1)
The stove was specific to jatropha with its high energy content.
Other seeds with high oil content may work: castor, croton and sunflower
seeds come to mind, though some have competing uses. We will be testing
them in time. <u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>(2)
The stove must be direct, intuitive and simple to use,
requiring only a demonstration of how to light a TLUD stove. <u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>(3)
The stove will operate with natural draft: without fan if possible
and without moving parts--the bane of all machines in developing areas.<u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>(4)
The stove must be designed to have the lowest possible emissions and remove
whatever pollution that is created away from the cook and her family. <u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>(5)
The stove must be durable and long lasting. <u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>(6)
The stove's truly important field test is its success in meeting
the cook's needs as she prepares daily meals because only then will it be used.<u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'> <u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>The
stove evolved over the past twelve months to its current form. Starting with
TLUD principles (e.g. seeking the correct balance of primary and secondary air,
thank you Paul Anderson), we then made rough calculations of the energy
captured in the seed and started building and modifying in a typical
iterative process. Typical stove designs all had too much primary air and
often a promising design would work well in some respect but not all. For
example, we had one model that would boil water like crazy but the
temperature just above the fuel was over 1100 C. When the central air
duct was added in a week long testing at the wonderful facility at CREEC in <st1:country-region u2:st="on"><st1:place u2:st="on"><st1:country-region
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Uganda</st1:place></st1:country-region></st1:place></st1:country-region>,
the opposing secondary air currents brought the turbulent flame down to a
flat, reliable pattern. We are experimenting with an adjustment that
allows the primary air to be shut off at the end of a burn to cut off the smoke
that usually occurs at that point. We are currently doing pollution
testing, advocate open source principles and so will be posting information at
our new web site which is currently under construction. http//<a
href="http://jetcitystoveworks.com" target="_blank" moz-do-not-send=true>jetcitystoveworks.com</a>
<u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'> <u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>The
Jiko Safi is currently being manufactured by metal workers in <st1:place u2:st="on"><st1:city u2:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on"><st1:City w:st="on">Arusha</st1:city></st1:City>, <st1:country-region u2:st="on"><st1:country-region
w:st="on">Tanzania</st1:country-region></st1:place></st1:country-region></st1:place>,
who we have assisted in the financing of the tools and jigs necessary to
produce the stove within the tolerances required. That is the model we
expect to use wherever we introduce the stove so there will be local economic
development opportunities as well as someone available to repair the stove, if
necessary. It is currently designed to be used only outside. We
hope that kitchen testing will tell us whether it can be used indoors as long
as the chimney is ventilated to the outside.<u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'> <u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>The
testing and manufacture is under being done with the assistance of the
Department of Agriculture, Partnership for Development, JANI, (Jatropha
Agriculture and Nutrition Initiative in <st1:country-region u2:st="on"><st1:place u2:st="on"><st1:country-region
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Tanzania</st1:place></st1:country-region></st1:place></st1:country-region>,
and Pamoja, Inc. <u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'> <u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Thanks
for your interest and questions. We welcome suggestions.<u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'> <u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Jan <u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'> <u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'> </span></font><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'> </span></font><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
color=black face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>
<hr size=2 width="100%" align=center>
</span></font></div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><b><font
size=2 color=black face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;
font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'> <a
href="mailto:rongretlarson@comcast.net" target="_blank" moz-do-not-send=true>rongretlarson@comcast.net</a>
[mailto:<a href="mailto:rongretlarson@comcast.net" target="_blank"
moz-do-not-send=true>rongretlarson@comcast.net</a>] <br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Monday, August 08, 2011 8:21
PM<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> <st1:personname u2:st="on"><st1:PersonName
w:st="on">Discussion of biomass cooking stoves</st1:personname></st1:PersonName>;
Jan Bianchi<u1:p></u1:p></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'><br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> Re: [Stoves] Jatropha and
its future<u1:p></u1:p></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'> <u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font
size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Jan
and list<br>
<br>
This is to better understand your nice <st1:placename u2:st="on"><st1:PlaceName
w:st="on">Jet</st1:placename></st1:PlaceName> <st1:placetype u2:st="on"><st1:PlaceType
w:st="on">City</st1:placetype></st1:PlaceType> stove .(for non West Coast <st1:country-region u2:st="on"><st1:country-region
w:st="on">USA</st1:country-region></st1:country-region> readers - that means <st1:city u2:st="on"><st1:place u2:st="on"><st1:City
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Seattle</st1:place></st1:city></st1:place></st1:City>
- which has a lot of Biochar activity)<br>
<br>
1. How did you happen to center on Jatropha? Have you
experimented both with whole seeds and the residue after pressing and how does
stove operation differ? Have you tried anything like wood chips?<br>
<br>
2. I think the flame pattern in your stove is wonderful. As
you say, very compact and obviously very turbulent - which must be
desirable. I am pretty sure the idea of central secondary air has been
mentioned n the past on this list as a possibility - but I don't recall ever
seeing it in practice. Can you describe a bit how you came to the present
dimensions ?<br>
<br>
3. I worry that you may now have too much secondary air - as the flame
seems to only be holding near the bottom row or two. Have you any way of
knowing what the dilution factor is? Tried operation with a smaller number
of interior holes (just plugging some progressively)?<br>
<br>
4. The central "column" (maybe with a different height) looks
like it might be able to hold a pot of the right size - since you would
then already have the "convection shield" that gives considerable
efficiency improvement. And you could retain the chimney height needed to get
your desired air flow and power level. Ever been tried?<br>
<br>
5. I have felt that controlling primary air supply to be an important
feature of pyrolysis stoves (TLUDs). It seems your bottom set of holes
could receive a rotating or sliding (or up and down) plate to accomplish
that. Has that ever been tried? (This being accomplished nicely
with a blower in the "Paul Olivier design also being discussed today.)<br>
<br>
Best of luck with what you are doing. Nice work.<br>
<br>
Ron<br>
</span></font><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></p>
<div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial'>
<hr size=2 width="100%" align=center>
</span></font></div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt'><b><font
size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;
font-weight:bold'>From: </span></font></b><font face=Arial><span
style='font-family:Arial'>"Jan Bianchi" <<a
href="mailto:janbianchi@comcast.net" target="_blank" moz-do-not-send=true>janbianchi@comcast.net</a>><br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To: </span></b>"<st1:personname u2:st="on"><st1:PersonName
w:st="on">Discussion of biomass cooking stoves</st1:personname></st1:PersonName>"
<<a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank"
moz-do-not-send=true>stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>><br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent: </span></b>Monday, August 8, 2011
9:56:48 AM<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject: </span></b>Re: [Stoves] Jatropha and
its future</span></font><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Roger</span></font><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial'> </span></font><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial'>That
stove in the ETHOS pictures was a prototype version. The stove is now made from
steel. </span></font><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial'> </span></font><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Jan<br>
<br>
Sent from my iPhone</span></font><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font
size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial'><br>
On Aug 8, 2011, at 8:51 AM, Fireside Hearth <<a
href="mailto:firesidehearthvashon@hotmail.com" target="_blank"
moz-do-not-send=true>firesidehearthvashon@hotmail.com</a>> wrote:</span></font><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font
size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Good
morning....<br>
<br>
I am curious about a couple of the pictures of the stove by Otto....do I see
galvanized sheet metal used in area's of high heat? the text talks about 800deg
C. (1472 f.) if there is galvanized materials in contact with these temps it is
quite possible that galvanic poisoning could kill the operator. A friend of
mine was welding inside a galvanized pipe (large culvert for water drainage)
when his oxygen mask failed and a green colored gas entered his lungs causing
him some of the most horrible pain and near death experience imaginable. The
other question I have is the material thickness. It does not look like this
will withstand these temperatures for long. What is the life expectancy of this
unit when exposed to these temps. Does it make sense to build something a bit
more stout and send less of them to the land fill as the "burn out"
too quickly with these exposures. Not all ways can we value things simply on
"cost per unit" but "cost to the environment" should be
taken into account. After looking at the industrial area's of northern <st1:country-region u2:st="on"><st1:place u2:st="on"><st1:country-region
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">China</st1:place></st1:country-region></st1:place></st1:country-region>
it seems to me that it is the environment which is paying for our
"cheap" flat screens. </span></font><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial'>
<hr size=2 width="100%" align=center>
</span></font></div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font
size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial'>From:
<a href="mailto:janbianchi@comcast.net" target="_blank" moz-do-not-send=true>janbianchi@comcast.net</a><br>
Date: Mon, 8 Aug 2011 08:08:37 -0700<br>
To: <a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank"
moz-do-not-send=true>stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br>
Subject: Re: [Stoves] Jatropha and its future</span></font><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><st1:placename u2:st="on"><st1:PlaceName
w:st="on"><font size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>Jet</span></font></st1:PlaceName></st1:placename><font
face=Arial><span style='font-family:Arial'> <st1:placetype u2:st="on"><st1:PlaceType
w:st="on">City</st1:placetype></st1:PlaceType> StoveWorks is currently
conducting kitchen tests of the jatropha seed stove Marc refers to in <st1:country-region u2:st="on"><st1:place u2:st="on"><st1:country-region
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Tanzania</st1:place></st1:country-region></st1:place></st1:country-region>.</span></font><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial'> </span></font><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial'> Jatropha
grows wild throughout the tropics as well as recently as
biodiesel crop there. Alternatively, and more productively, it
can be grown as a hedge around land holdings so it need not displace land for
food production. That produces enough seed to fuel the family cookstove
for a year as well as have some left over to sell into the Jatropha market. It
costs at least four times less than a comparable burn time for wood and six
times less than charcoal.</span></font><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial'> </span></font><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial'>We
are continuing CO and PM testing and hope to have our test results online by
next month. We had a stove at Aprovecho's stove camp couple of weeks ago
and will have one at Paul Anderson's TLUD camp in MA in August. </span></font><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Sent
from my iPhone</span></font><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font
size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial'><br>
On Aug 8, 2011, at 2:10 AM, Marc Pare <<a href="mailto:mpare@gatech.edu"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send=true>mpare@gatech.edu</a>> wrote:</span></font><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Crispin,
re exisiting Jatropha stoves:</span></font><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial'> </span></font><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial'>There
was this one at ETHOS this year by J. Otto and friends:</span></font><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial'><a
href="http://www.vrac.iastate.edu/ethos/proceedings2011/OttoOttoCovert_JatrophaSeedCookingStoveDevelopmentPromotion.pdf"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send=true>http://www.vrac.iastate.edu/ethos/proceedings2011/OttoOttoCovert_JatrophaSeedCookingStoveDevelopmentPromotion.pdf</a></span></font><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial'>and
a quick picture of it running outside in <st1:city u2:st="on"><st1:place u2:st="on"><st1:City
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Kirkland</st1:place></st1:city></st1:place></st1:City>:</span></font><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial'><a
href="http://smallredtile.tumblr.com/post/3246717546/marc-in-the-wild-there-were-many-arguments-about"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send=true>http://smallredtile.tumblr.com/post/3246717546/marc-in-the-wild-there-were-many-arguments-about</a></span></font><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial'> </span></font><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial'>It
burns whole seeds in a natural draft TLUD. Draft is augmented by an inner air
pipe (lots of pictures of the assembly in the ETHOS presentation)</span></font><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font
size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial'><br
clear=all>
Marc Paré<br>
B.S. Mechanical Engineering<br>
Georgia Institute of Technology | Université de Technologie de Compiègne<br>
<br>
my cv, etc. | <a href="http://notwandering.com" target="_blank"
moz-do-not-send=true>http://notwandering.com</a></span></font><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial'>On
Mon, Aug 8, 2011 at 1:36 AM, Crispin Pemberton-Pigott <<a
href="mailto:crispinpigott@gmail.com" target="_blank" moz-do-not-send=true>crispinpigott@gmail.com</a>>
wrote:</span></font><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<div>
<p><font size=3 color=black face=Arial><span lang=EN-CA style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>Dear Friends</span></font><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><font size=3 color=black face=Arial><span lang=EN-CA style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>I am not sure how many stove are being worked on as Jatropha
seed or oil or cake burners, but my understanding was the main thrust was to
put to use some of the leftovers from biofuel production, especially that was
the focus in Tanzania.</span></font><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><font size=3 color=black face=Arial><span lang=EN-CA style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>It seems those farmers who invested in Jatropha production
lost about $65 per ha <a href="http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/es201943v"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send=true>http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/es201943v</a>
so my question is whether or not there is much point in working on (perhaps)
whole seed stoves. Perhaps if the J-oil industry suffers a quick death there
will still be a meaningful supply of oily seed fuel that can be burned
relatively easily with a decent performance and controllability. At least until
they go back to sunflower which looks a lot more promising.</span></font><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><font size=3 color=black face=Arial><span lang=EN-CA style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>Has anyone made a sunflower seed burning stove? The oil runs
up to 49% on some varieties.</span></font><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><font size=3 color=black face=Arial><span lang=EN-CA style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>Always looking for new ideas…</span></font><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><font size=3 color=black face=Arial><span lang=EN-CA style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>Regards</span></font><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><font size=3 color=black face=Arial><span lang=EN-CA style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>Crispin</span></font><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><font size=1 color=black face=Garamond><span lang=EN-CA style='font-size:
8.0pt;font-family:Garamond'> </span></font><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><font size=3 color=black face=Arial><span lang=EN-CA style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Arial'> </span></font><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font
size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial'><br>
_______________________________________________<br>
Stoves mailing list<br>
<br>
to Send a Message to the list, use the email address<br>
<a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank"
moz-do-not-send=true>stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br>
<br>
to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page<br>
<a
href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send=true>http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br>
<br>
for more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see our web site:<br>
<a href="http://www.bioenergylists.org/" target="_blank" moz-do-not-send=true>http://www.bioenergylists.org/</a></span></font><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial'> </span></font><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
<blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font
size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial'>_______________________________________________<br>
Stoves mailing list<br>
<br>
to Send a Message to the list, use the email address<br>
<a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank"
moz-do-not-send=true>stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br>
<br>
to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page<br>
<a
href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send=true>http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br>
<br>
for more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see our web site:<br>
<a href="http://www.bioenergylists.org/" target="_blank" moz-do-not-send=true>http://www.bioenergylists.org/</a></span></font><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</blockquote>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial'><br>
_______________________________________________ Stoves mailing list to Send a
Message to the list, use the email address <a
href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank"
moz-do-not-send=true>stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a> to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change
your List Settings use the web page <a
href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send=true>http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org</a>
for more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see our web site: <a
href="http://www.bioenergylists.org/" target="_blank" moz-do-not-send=true>http://www.bioenergylists.org/</a>_______________________________________________Stoves
mailing list</span></font><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font
size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial'><br>
to Send a Message to the list, use the email address<br>
<a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank"
moz-do-not-send=true>stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br>
<br>
to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page<br>
<a
href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send=true>http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br>
<br>
for more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see our web site:<br>
<a href="http://www.bioenergylists.org/" target="_blank" moz-do-not-send=true>http://www.bioenergylists.org/</a></span></font><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</blockquote>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font
size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial'><br>
_______________________________________________<br>
Stoves mailing list<br>
<br>
to Send a Message to the list, use the email address<br>
<a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank"
moz-do-not-send=true>stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br>
<br>
to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page<br>
<a
href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send=true>http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br>
<br>
for more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see our web site:<br>
<a href="http://www.bioenergylists.org/" target="_blank" moz-do-not-send=true>http://www.bioenergylists.org/</a></span></font><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font size=3 color=black
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'><br>
_______________________________________________<br>
Stoves mailing list<br>
<br>
to Send a Message to the list, use the email address<br>
<a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org" moz-do-not-send=true>stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br>
<br>
to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page<br>
<a
href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send=true>http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br>
<br>
for more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see our web site:<br>
<a href="http://www.bioenergylists.org/" target="_blank" moz-do-not-send=true>http://www.bioenergylists.org/</a><br>
<br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<u1:p></u1:p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'><br>
<br>
<br>
<fieldset class="mimeAttachmentHeader"></fieldset><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<pre><font size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>_______________________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>Stoves mailing list<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>to Send a Message to the list, use the email address<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><a
href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a><o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><a
href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org">http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org</a><o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>for more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see our web site:<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><a
href="http://www.bioenergylists.org/">http://www.bioenergylists.org/</a><o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 color=black face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></pre></div>
</u1:smarttagtype></u1:smarttagtype></u1:smarttagtype></u1:smarttagtype></u1:smarttagtype></u1:smarttagtype>
</body>
</html>