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<p class=MsoNormal><st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on"><font size=2
color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'>Boston</span></font></st1:place></st1:City><font size=2
color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>I mentioned the toxins in woods to
demonstrate how pervasive they are, yet we don’t think twice about
burning wood. Just pointing out the double standard that exists when we
talk about jatropha burning versus wood burning. I did not mean to
suggest that we should not take the concern about toxins in jatropha seriously.
In fact, I believe that the kind of research we are commissioning is the first that
will be done on the possible toxicity of smoke from jatropha seed.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>I too appreciate the tone of the
conversation. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Jan<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
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face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>
<hr size=2 width="100%" align=center tabindex=-1>
</span></font></div>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font size=2
face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'> stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org
[mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org] <b><span style='font-weight:
bold'>On Behalf Of </span></b>Boston Nyer<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Wednesday, August 17, 2011
10:30 AM<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> <st1:PersonName w:st="on">Discussion
of biomass cooking stoves</st1:PersonName><br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> Re: [Stoves] Jatropha and
its future</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Jan,<br>
<br>
I also agree that it is not accurate to imply that the Hoffenheim folks oppose
these efforts to use Jatropha as a fuel (nor do I). However, <i><span
style='font-style:italic'>I</span></i> believe that we must act
responsibly. To the best of my knowledge, nor they or anyone else has
tested the level of toxins in the emissions from any J stove (if anyone knows
otherwise, please share with us!). We simply need to do our
due-diligence. That said, I do not think it is responsible to simply
brush-off these concerns with parallels to toxins in wood. You are not
just playing with your own life...<br>
<br>
Anyways, that is just one opinion of many varying perspectives.<br>
<br>
Thanks for the good conversation.<br>
<st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Boston</st1:place></st1:City><br>
<br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>On Wed, Aug 17, 2011 at 10:19 AM, Jan Bianchi <<a
href="mailto:janbianchi@comcast.net" target="_blank">janbianchi@comcast.net</a>>
wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<div link=blue vlink=blue>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'>Dear <st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Boston</st1:place></st1:City></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'>Thanks for your cite. Professor Makkar’s studies have
focused on how to detoxify jatropha seeds to make them edible for
animals. One of the projects that he and his colleagues are working on is
the use of jatropha oil in cookstoves. <a
href="http://ec.europa.eu/research/agriculture/pdf/events/4jatropha_en.pdf"
target="_blank">http://ec.europa.eu/research/agriculture/pdf/events/4jatropha_en.pdf</a>
I don’t think it would be accurate to imply that he opposes
these efforts. </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'>As an amateur woodworker, I am also well aware that wood is full of
toxins. See this list for a start. <a
href="http://www.dave-wilcox.com/Woodturning/toxics.aspx" target="_blank">http://www.dave-wilcox.com/Woodturning/toxics.aspx</a>.
I choose to build furniture nevertheless.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'>Interestingly, both the curcin and the phorbol esters in jatropha
seeds can have a tumor-inhibiting impact too. </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'><a
href="http://www.academicjournals.org/ajpp/pdf/%20pdf2009/November/Balaji%20et%20al.pdf"
target="_blank">http://www.academicjournals.org/ajpp/pdf/%20pdf2009/November/Balaji%20et%20al.pdf</a></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=2 color=black face=AdvPTimes><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
AdvPTimes;color:black'>Phorbol</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=2 color=black face=AdvPTimes><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
AdvPTimes;color:black'>esters are co-carcinogens which themselves do not induce</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=2 color=black face=AdvPTimes><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
AdvPTimes;color:black'>tumors but promote tumor growth following exposure to a</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=2 color=black face=AdvPTimes><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
AdvPTimes;color:black'>subcarcinogenic dose of carcinogen [</span></font><font
size=2 color=blue face=AdvPTimes><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
AdvPTimes;color:blue'>13</span></font><font size=2 color=black face=AdvPTimes><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:AdvPTimes;color:black'>]. Apart from the</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=2 color=black face=AdvPTimes><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
AdvPTimes;color:black'>co-carcinogenic activity, many phorbol esters (reported</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=2 color=black face=AdvPTimes><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
AdvPTimes;color:black'>from other plant source) also exert beneficial
biological</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=2 color=black face=AdvPTimes><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
AdvPTimes;color:black'>effects without tumor promotion, such as prostratin [</span></font><font
size=2 color=blue face=AdvPTimes><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
AdvPTimes;color:blue'>75</span></font><font size=2 color=black face=AdvPTimes><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:AdvPTimes;color:black'>].</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=2 color=black face=AdvPTimes><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
AdvPTimes;color:black'>Some naturally occurring phorbol esters are reported to
be</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=2 color=black face=AdvPTimes><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
AdvPTimes;color:black'>tumor inhibitors [</span></font><font size=2 color=blue
face=AdvPTimes><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:AdvPTimes;color:blue'>76</span></font><font
size=2 color=black face=AdvPTimes><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
AdvPTimes;color:black'>] and Phorbol 12-tigliate 13-decanoate</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=2 color=black face=AdvPTimes><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
AdvPTimes;color:black'>has been shown to be active against the P 388
lymphocytic</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=2 color=black face=AdvPTimes><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
AdvPTimes;color:black'>leukemia in mice [</span></font><font size=2 color=blue
face=AdvPTimes><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:AdvPTimes;color:blue'>77</span></font><font
size=2 color=black face=AdvPTimes><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
AdvPTimes;color:black'>, </span></font><font size=2 color=blue face=AdvPTimes><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:AdvPTimes;color:blue'>78</span></font><font
size=2 color=black face=AdvPTimes><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
AdvPTimes;color:black'>]. <a
href="https://jatropha.uni-hohenheim.de/uploads/media/7--diterpene_review_02.pdf"
target="_blank">https://jatropha.uni-hohenheim.de/uploads/media/7--diterpene_review_02.pdf</a></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=2 color=black face=AdvPTimes><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
AdvPTimes;color:black'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=2 color=black face=AdvPTimes><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
AdvPTimes;color:black'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'>Just a reminder about how complicated this all is. As with
many things, it is a matter of degree. None of these articles address
either degree or how these properties may behave in smoke. Therefore, the
need to study this further. You are absolutely correct that the testing
needs to include smoke at all stages of the burn.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'>Jan</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>
<hr size=2 width="100%" align=center>
</span></font></div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><b><font
size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:
bold'>From:</span></font></b><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'> <a
href="mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>
[mailto:<a href="mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>]
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>On Behalf Of </span></b>Boston Nyer<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Tuesday, August 16, 2011
10:53 PM<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma'><br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> <st1:PersonName w:st="on">Discussion
of biomass cooking stoves</st1:PersonName><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></font></b><font size=2
face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'> Re: [Stoves]
Jatropha and its future<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>FYI: In addition
to being toxic when ingested (as previously discussed), some phorbol esters can
activate tumors. Although compounds may break down during the normal
cycle of the stove, they may not when it is being lit. When testing the
toxicity of emissions from J stoves, we must test at the various times during
pyrolysis. In my opinion we should be extremely cautious regarding the
toxicity before promoting this stuff. If you are interested in literature
on the toxicity of Jatropha, Harrinder Makkar at the <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceType
w:st="on">University</st1:PlaceType> of <st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Hoffenheim</st1:PlaceName></st1:place>
has published a significant amount.<br>
<br>
<st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Boston</st1:place></st1:City><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>On Tue, Aug 16,
2011 at 10:11 PM, Crispin Pemberton-Pigott <<a
href="mailto:crispinpigott@gmail.com" target="_blank">crispinpigott@gmail.com</a>>
wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<div link=blue vlink=purple>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=2 color="#1f497d" face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-CA
style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'>Dear Roger</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=2 color="#1f497d" face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-CA
style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font
size=2 color="#1f497d" face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-CA
style='font-size:10.0pt;color:#1F497D'>></span></font><font size=2><span
lang=EN-CA style='font-size:10.0pt'>I am curious if this "log" was an
extruded or pressed product. </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font
size=2 color="#1f497d" face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-CA
style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'>It is a pressed/extruded log (same
thing) using no binder save the lignin in the material. The diameter is about
110 mm and the length about 250/300mm – will check.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font
size=2 color="#1f497d" face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-CA
style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'>The colour is ‘pine’ so I
would say, golden.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font
size=2 color="#1f497d" face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-CA
style='font-size:10.0pt;color:#1F497D'>>…</span></font><font size=2><span
lang=EN-CA style='font-size:10.0pt'>The moisture content is known to be about
8%. </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font
size=2 color="#1f497d" face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-CA
style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'>It varies with storage. The production process
dries the wood almost completely (hot) and it picks up some moisture after
that.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font
size=2 color="#1f497d" face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-CA
style='font-size:10.0pt;color:#1F497D'>></span></font><font size=2><span
lang=EN-CA style='font-size:10.0pt'>It is approx 8500 btu/lb, </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font
size=2 color="#1f497d" face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-CA
style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'>That would be 8500 x 1055 x 2.2046
(lbs/kg) = 19.8 MJ per kg which is definitely a ‘dried’ energy
content.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font
size=2 color="#1f497d" face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-CA
style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'>With 8% moisture it is about 17 MJ/kg
for typical hardwood.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font
size=2 color="#1f497d" face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-CA
style='font-size:10.0pt;color:#1F497D'>>…</span></font><font size=2><span
lang=EN-CA style='font-size:10.0pt'>and gives a burn time of up to 12 hours (in
our stove) </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font
size=2 color="#1f497d" face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-CA
style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'>It is important that you express this
burn time together with a kW rating (or BTU if you can work that out instead).</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font
size=2 color="#1f497d" face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-CA
style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'>A couple of contributors explained this
before but here is a repeat:</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font
size=2 color="#1f497d" face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-CA
style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'>8500 BTU’s / lb in the 2.2 kg log.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font
size=2 color="#1f497d" face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-CA
style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'>That is 8500 x 1055 x 2.2 = 43,493,000
Joules total heat content (43.4 MJ)</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font
size=2 color="#1f497d" face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-CA
style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'>One Watt is 1 joule per second of
energy.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font
size=2 color="#1f497d" face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-CA
style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'>12 hours = 12 x 60 minutes x 60 seconds
= 43,200 seconds.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font
size=2 color="#1f497d" face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-CA
style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'>43,493,000 Joules / 43,200 seconds =
1007 Watts average heat output on a continuous basis. That is the same as
saying ‘the power output is 1 kW’ average.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font
size=2 color="#1f497d" face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-CA
style='font-size:10.0pt;color:#1F497D'>></span></font><font size=2><span
lang=EN-CA style='font-size:10.0pt'>Funny thing is I get more smoke at a higher
heat output than the medium to lower end. </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font
size=2 color="#1f497d" face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-CA
style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'>That has to do with the availability of
secondary air and the combustion environment (including its physical size).</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font
size=2 color="#1f497d" face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-CA
style='font-size:10.0pt;color:#1F497D'>></span></font><font size=2><span
lang=EN-CA style='font-size:10.0pt'>Estimated <font color="#1f497d"><span
style='color:#1F497D'>[heat] </span></font>output at 27,000 high, 5,000 btu low
output. </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font
size=2 color="#1f497d" face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-CA
style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'>Per what? Per hour? Per day? It is not
clear. 5000 BTU’s is 5.275 MJ. If that was per hour, it is 1.465 kW. The
27,000 = 7.9 kW. If it takes 12 hours to burn the log, (and in fact there is
still some coals left) it averages 1 kW heat output average.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font
size=2 color="#1f497d" face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-CA
style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'>An earlier point I was making about
Mongolian space heating is that the homes need between 4 and 12 kW on a
continuous basis. We would need to burn at about your ‘medium’
power level continuously to keep the place warm. The largest stoves we work
with in homes are 20 kW, equivalent to about 1.3 kg of wood per hour (depending
on the moisture content).</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font
size=2 color="#1f497d" face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-CA
style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'>Any stove sold there has to be able to
cook a 16 inch diameter wok, and to boil 9 litres of water (in the wok) in less
than 1.5 hours from ignition (or it won’t be considered at all for the
programme). Some stoves can boil it in 30 minutes, but 90 is the upper limit.
Mass production facilities are available. It has to retail under $150.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font
size=2 color="#1f497d" face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-CA
style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'>Good luck with the EPA testing and alla
that. Please keep us informed about how it goes.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font
size=2 color="#1f497d" face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-CA
style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'>Crispin</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
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