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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-CA link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Dear Roger<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>></span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>I am curious if this "log" was an extruded or pressed product. <span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>It is a pressed/extruded log (same thing) using no binder save the lignin in the material. The diameter is about 110 mm and the length about 250/300mm – will check.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>The colour is ‘pine’ so I would say, golden.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>>…</span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>The moisture content is known to be about 8%. <span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>It varies with storage. The production process dries the wood almost completely (hot) and it picks up some moisture after that.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>></span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>It is approx 8500 btu/lb, <span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>That would be 8500 x 1055 x 2.2046 (lbs/kg) = 19.8 MJ per kg which is definitely a ‘dried’ energy content.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>With 8% moisture it is about 17 MJ/kg for typical hardwood.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>>…</span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>and gives a burn time of up to 12 hours (in our stove) <span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>It is important that you express this burn time together with a kW rating (or BTU if you can work that out instead).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>A couple of contributors explained this before but here is a repeat:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>8500 BTU’s / lb in the 2.2 kg log.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>That is 8500 x 1055 x 2.2 = 43,493,000 Joules total heat content (43.4 MJ)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>One Watt is 1 joule per second of energy.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>12 hours = 12 x 60 minutes x 60 seconds = 43,200 seconds.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>43,493,000 Joules / 43,200 seconds = 1007 Watts average heat output on a continuous basis. That is the same as saying ‘the power output is 1 kW’ average.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>></span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>Funny thing is I get more smoke at a higher heat output than the medium to lower end. <span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>That has to do with the availability of secondary air and the combustion environment (including its physical size).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>></span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>Estimated <span style='color:#1F497D'>[heat] </span>output at 27,000 high, 5,000 btu low output. <span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Per what? Per hour? Per day? It is not clear. 5000 BTU’s is 5.275 MJ. If that was per hour, it is 1.465 kW. The 27,000 = 7.9 kW. If it takes 12 hours to burn the log, (and in fact there is still some coals left) it averages 1 kW heat output average.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>An earlier point I was making about Mongolian space heating is that the homes need between 4 and 12 kW on a continuous basis. We would need to burn at about your ‘medium’ power level continuously to keep the place warm. The largest stoves we work with in homes are 20 kW, equivalent to about 1.3 kg of wood per hour (depending on the moisture content).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Any stove sold there has to be able to cook a 16 inch diameter wok, and to boil 9 litres of water (in the wok) in less than 1.5 hours from ignition (or it won’t be considered at all for the programme). Some stoves can boil it in 30 minutes, but 90 is the upper limit. Mass production facilities are available. It has to retail under $150.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Good luck with the EPA testing and alla that. Please keep us informed about how it goes.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Crispin<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div></body></html>