<div>Dear Crispin,</div>
<div>water vapour at high temperature can react with various substrates to release hydrogen. I saw a demonstration in which water vapour was allowed to emerge within a section of a red hot piece of iron tubing. The water dissociated, with the oxygen combining with the iron to form iron oxide and the hydrogen burning with a nice blue flame. The burning hydrogen kept the piece of iron tubing hot, so that this hydrogen burner continued to burn for a few hours till the cooking was over. Some time ago, somebody mentioned that sulphur dioxide from unpurified biogas caused corrosion of the burners. It might as well be that the water vapour in the biogas was the culprit and not the sulphur dioxide. </div>
<div>As regards testing the cause of enhanced growth of plants within a plastic skirting, on should surround the plants with a skirting of plastic film, which leaves a gap of a few centimeters between the plastic film and the ground. Carbon dioxide, being heavier than air would accumulate near the ground and flow away like water through this gap. If the plants grew well in spite of a skirt that does not reach all the way down to the ground, then it is the static electricity that is doing the trick and not the carbon dioxide. </div>
<div>Yours</div>
<div>A.D.Karve<br><br></div>
<div class="gmail_quote">On Thu, Aug 25, 2011 at 1:50 AM, Crispin Pemberton-Pigott <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:crispinpigott@gmail.com">crispinpigott@gmail.com</a>></span> wrote:<br>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">Dear John<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">Thanks for popping up. Long time no see. How is the stove multiplication project going?<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">Given that steam is added in this gasification process, is it not reasonable to assume that wet coal (like lignite etc) will produce better combustion that regular ‘hard’ coal in a small, air restricted environment?<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">I was thinking today that we should challenge the notion that the water gas shift reaction is <i>not</i> taking place in lignite stoves. The negative position was taken by a professor friend who felt there was no chance it could happen. It seems to me there is little difference between what SASOL is doing and what takes place in a Mongolian stove where we sometimes get huge H2 readings (H2(EF) = 12,000 to 15,000 ppm) in the chimney when the burn is not going well.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">If it is working already, why not enhance it? Coal with built-in water for the steaming part of gasification. <u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">You da man…what’d you say??<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">Regards<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">Crispin<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">++++++</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt" lang="EN-US"><u></u><u></u></span></p></div></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt" lang="EN-ZA">Crispin,<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt" lang="EN-ZA"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt" lang="EN-ZA">I think the article is right. “Caking fine coal” it does not work well in gasifiers. The coal is totally gasified to ash.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt" lang="EN-ZA"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt" lang="EN-ZA">John.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt" lang="EN-ZA"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt" lang="EN-US">From:</span></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt" lang="EN-US"> <a href="mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org</a> [mailto:<a href="mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Crispin Pemberton-Pigott<br>
<b>Sent:</b> 24 August 2011 05:28 PM<br><b>To:</b> Stoves<br><b>Subject:</b> [Stoves] Sasol Fixed Bed Dry Bottom Gasification Technology<u></u><u></u></span></p></div></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-ZA"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">Dear Friends<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">I think they mean coking coal not ‘caking coal’. Fixed bed dry bottom (FBDB) gasifiers are useful for thinking about how to make a pyrolysing stove or a coal burner. Basically the idea is to avoid melting the ash. <a href="http://www.etde.org/etdeweb/details.jsp?query_id=1&page=0&osti_id=21073841" target="_blank">http://www.etde.org/etdeweb/details.jsp?query_id=1&page=0&osti_id=21073841</a> <u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">A relevant group of articles is at <a href="http://worldwidescience.org/topicpages/s/sasol-lurgi+fbdb+gasifier.html" target="_blank">http://worldwidescience.org/topicpages/s/sasol-lurgi+fbdb+gasifier.html</a> <u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">Once fuels are pelletized and fed continuously, the description in the second article is relevant: continuous operation with no ash clearing hassles. Think: space heating and institutional stoves.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">Regards<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">Crispin<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
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<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: right" align="right"><strong><span style="COLOR: white; FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt"> Wednesday 24th August 2011 </span></strong><u></u><u></u></p></td></tr>
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<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><br>ACI is delighted to announce <strong><span>Pauli Baumann of Sasol Technology</span></strong> as a confirmed speaker, delivering an overview of their recent technology improvements and project status. <br>
<br>Sasol is currently deploying four additional Sasol® FBDB™ gasifiers at its Synfuels facility which will bring the total installed base to eighty-four (84) gasifiers. Another major <br>milestone has been the commercial scale demonstration of an advanced Coal Stirrer-Distributor (“CSD™”) for the processing of caking coal as part of the largest test <br>
campaign on the Sasol Test Gasifier to date </span><u></u><u></u></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 12pt" align="center"><strong><span style="COLOR: red; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> <a href="http://server1.streamsend.com/streamsend/clicktracker.php?cd=3896&ld=1151&md=1230&ud=eb19538de4ef869d6026637460315f60&url=http://v11.vuturevx.com/exchange-sites/Whitmore%20Group/59/events-pdfs-eu/ecg1-agenda-mkt.pdf" target="_blank"><img border="0" width="187" height="51"></a></span></strong><u></u><u></u></p>
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<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 12pt" align="center"><b><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><br><strong><span>Ilya O Solovev</span></strong></span></b><strong><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt"> </span></strong><b><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt"><br>
</span></b><em><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Commercial Director</span></em><i><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><br></span></i><strong><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">GE Energy</span></strong><b><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><br>
</span></b><span style="COLOR: black"><br></span><strong><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Kieron Stopforth</span></strong><strong><span style="COLOR: #999999; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> </span></strong><b><span style="COLOR: #999999; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><br>
</span></b><em><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">CCS Analyst, EMEA</span></em><i><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><br></span></i><strong><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Bloomberg New Energy Finance</span></strong><b><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><br>
</span></b><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><br></span><strong><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Richard Taylor </span></strong><b><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><br></span></b><em><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Technical Director</span></em><i><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><br>
</span></i><strong><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Advanced Plasma Power</span></strong><b><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><br><strong><span> </span></strong><br></span></b><strong><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Ross McCracken</span></strong><strong><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt"> </span></strong><b><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt"><br>
</span></b><em><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Editor, Energy Economist</span></em><i><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><br></span></i><strong><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Platts</span></strong><u></u><u></u></p>
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<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><strong><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Chris Chapman </span></strong><b><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><br></span></b><em><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Chief Technical Officer</span></em><i><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><br>
</span></i><strong><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Advanced Plasma Power </span></strong><b><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><br><br></span></b><strong><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Prof. Ahmed Al-Shamma'a</span></strong><strong><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> </span></strong><b><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><br>
</span></b><em><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Director of BEST Research Institute</span></em><i><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><br></span></i><strong><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Liverpool John Moores University</span></strong><b><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><br>
<br></span></b><strong><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Jan Willem Könemann </span></strong><b><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><br></span></b><em><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Sales Manager Renewable Technology</span></em><i><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><br>
</span></i><strong><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Dahlman Renewable Technology</span></strong><b><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><br></span></b><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><br>
</span><strong><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Chris Higman </span></strong><b><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt"><br></span></b><em><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Principal</span></em><i><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><br>
</span></i><strong><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Higman Consulting GmbH</span></strong><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><u></u><u></u></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">·</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> Current and Future Industry Developments <u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">·</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> Economic Analysis of Gasification Projects <u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">·</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> Building the Case for Gasification <u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">·</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> Industry Focus – Oil Refining <u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">·</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> Social, Policy & Environmental Barriers <u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">·</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> Industry Focus – Power Plants <u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">·</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> Cutting-Edge Developments in Gasification Technology <u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">·</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> Commercial Viability of CCS in Gasification <u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">·</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> Maximising Syngas Potential: Opportunities through </span><span style="COLOR: white; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">__</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Technology<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 12pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><b><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><br><a href="http://server1.streamsend.com/streamsend/clicktracker.php?cd=3896&ld=1151&md=1230&ud=eb19538de4ef869d6026637460315f60&url=http://www.wplgroup.com/aci/_crosslink/register.asp%3FintSitePageId=4414" target="_blank"><img border="0" width="189" height="54"></a><br>
or contact</span></b><b><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; COLOR: red; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> </span></b><b><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><a href="mailto:mahsan@acieu.co.uk?subject=Gasification%202011%20%20Registration" target="_blank"><u>Mohammad Ahsan</u></a><br>
on <strong><span>+44 (0) 20 7981 2503</span></strong><br></span></b><b><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><br></span></b><strong><span style="COLOR: black">We look forward to welcoming you on board</span></strong><b><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><u></u><u></u></span></b></p>
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<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%" align="center"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; COLOR: white; FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt"><br></span><strong><span style="COLOR: white">Commercial Exposure Opportunities:</span></strong><b><span style="COLOR: white"><br>
</span></b><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; COLOR: white; FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt"><br></span><span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; COLOR: white; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">A wide range of opportunities are available, all of which can be finely tuned to match your exact requirements.</span></span><span style="COLOR: white"><br>
</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; COLOR: white; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">For more information on available sponsorship & commercial opportunities contact:<br></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; COLOR: blue; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><a href="mailto:production@acieu.co.uk?subject=For%20Commercial%20Opportunities%20EcG1" target="_blank"><strong><u><span style="COLOR: white">Maureen Ignacio</span></u></strong></a></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; COLOR: white; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><br>
<strong><span>+44 (0) 20 7981 2501</span></strong></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; COLOR: white; FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><br></span><b><span style="COLOR: yellow"><br><strong><span>Gasification 2011 is co-located with Future World of Biogas: </span></strong><br>
<strong><span>Europe 2011</span></strong><br></span></b><b><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; COLOR: white; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><br><strong><span>For more info</span></strong></span></b><strong><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; COLOR: #99ccff; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> </span></strong><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; COLOR: white; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><a href="http://server1.streamsend.com/streamsend/clicktracker.php?cd=3896&ld=1151&md=1230&ud=eb19538de4ef869d6026637460315f60&url=http://www.acius.net/aci/conferences/eu-ebg1.asp" target="_blank"><strong><u><span style="COLOR: white">click here</span></u></strong></a><br>
</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; COLOR: white; FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt"><br></span><b><span style="COLOR: white"><img border="0" width="140" height="153"><br><br><strong><span>Call For Papers:</span></strong><br></span></b><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; COLOR: white; FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt"><br>
</span><span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; COLOR: white; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">If you would like to be considered as a speaker for the event with a 30-45 minute presentation, please submit an abstract for consideration to</span></span><span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; COLOR: white; FONT-SIZE: 9pt"> </span></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; COLOR: white; FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><br>
</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><br><span><a href="mailto:production@acieu.co.uk?subject=Call%20for%20Papers%20ECG1" target="_blank"><strong><u><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; COLOR: white; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">John Boateng</span></u></strong></a></span><br>
</span><strong><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; COLOR: white; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">+44 (0) 20 7981 2501</span></strong><span style="COLOR: white"><u></u><u></u></span></p></td>
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<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><br><img border="0" width="168" height="81"><br><span style="COLOR: white; FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt">ACI (Europe) - 5/13 Great Suffolk Street, London, SE1 0NS</span><span style="COLOR: white"><br>
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<br>-- <br>***<br>Dr. A.D. Karve<br>President, Appropriate Rural Technology Institute (ARTI)<br><br>*Please change my email address in your records to: <a href="mailto:adkarve@gmail.com">adkarve@gmail.com</a> *<br><br><br>
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