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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body bgcolor=white lang=EN-CA link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNoSpacingCxSpFirst><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>Dear Friends<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div><p class=MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>This link came by way of Robert van der Plas:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"FranklinGothicITCbyBT-Book","sans-serif";color:windowtext'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNoSpacingCxSpLast><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"FranklinGothicITCbyBT-Book","sans-serif";color:windowtext'>Africa Renewable Energy Access Program (AFREA)<o:p></o:p></span></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><a href="http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTAFRREGTOPENERGY/Resources/717305-1266613906108/BiomassEnergyPaper_WEB_Zoomed75.pdf">http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTAFRREGTOPENERGY/Resources/717305-1266613906108/BiomassEnergyPaper_WEB_Zoomed75.pdf</a><o:p></o:p></p><div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNoSpacing><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>The source is:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:#002F80'>Marjorie K. Araya</span></b><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:navy'> </span></b><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:#FFBF18'>|</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:teal'> </span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Publishing-Web Content ESMAP/AFTEG/AFREA</span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:#5F5F5F'> </span><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:#FFBF18'>|</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:#5F5F5F'> </span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:#002F80'>Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP)</span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:#5F5F5F'> </span><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:#FFBF18'>|</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:#5F5F5F'> </span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Sustainable Energy Department,</span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:#5F5F5F'> </span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:#002F80'>The World Bank</span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:#5F5F5F'> </span><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:#FFBF18'>|</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:#5F5F5F'> </span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:#002F80'><br>email:</span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:teal'> </span><u><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:#002F80'><a href="mailto:maraya@worldbank.org" target="_blank">maraya@worldbank.org</a></span></u><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:#FF8141'> </span><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:#FFBF18'>|</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:#FFBF18'> </span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:#002F80'>Telephone: <a href="tel:%28%2B1%29%20202-473-9621" target="_blank">(+1) 202-473-9621</a></span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:#FF8141'> </span><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:#FFBF18'>|</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:#FFBF18'> </span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:#002F80'>Fax: <a href="tel:%28%2B1%29%20202-614-1121" target="_blank">(+1) 202-614-1121</a> </span><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:#FFBF18'>|</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:#002F80'> Room: I 10-126A</span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:gray'> </span><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:#FFBF18'>|</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:gray'> </span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:#002F80'>Address: 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA </span><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:#FFBF18'>|</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:gray'> </span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>website: </span><a href="http://www.esmap.org/" target="_blank"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>www.esmap.org</span></a><br><br><span style='color:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNoSpacingCxSpFirst><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>The contents page is copied below.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>Regards<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNoSpacingCxSpLast><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>Crispin<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-family:"FranklinGothicITCbyBT-Book","sans-serif";color:windowtext'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-family:"FranklinGothicITCbyBT-Book","sans-serif";color:windowtext'>Wood-Based Biomass Energy Development for Sub-Saharan Africa – Issues and approaches</span><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"FranklinGothicITCbyBT-Book","sans-serif";color:windowtext'>Foreword<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"FranklinGothicITCbyBT-Book","sans-serif";color:windowtext'>Acknowledgements<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"FranklinGothicITCbyBT-Book","sans-serif";color:windowtext'>Abbreviations and Acronyms<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"FranklinGothicITCbyBT-Book","sans-serif";color:windowtext'>Executive Summary<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"FranklinGothicITCbyBT-Demi","sans-serif";color:windowtext'>1. INTRODUCTION <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"FranklinGothicITCbyBT-Book","sans-serif";color:windowtext'>1.1 Context </span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"FranklinGothicITCbyBT-Book","sans-serif";color:windowtext'>| </span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"FranklinGothicITCbyBT-Book","sans-serif";color:windowtext'>Wood-Based Biomass and Energy Use<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"FranklinGothicITCbyBT-Book","sans-serif";color:windowtext'>1.2 Objective of the Paper<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"FranklinGothicITCbyBT-Book","sans-serif";color:windowtext'>1.3 Structure of the Paper<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"FranklinGothicITCbyBT-Demi","sans-serif";color:windowtext'>2. RATIONALE FOR ENGAGEMENT IN WOOD-BASED BIOMASS ENERGY SECTOR<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"FranklinGothicITCbyBT-Book","sans-serif";color:windowtext'>2.1 Energy Security<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"FranklinGothicITCbyBT-Book","sans-serif";color:windowtext'>2.2 Poverty Alleviation and Economic Development<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"FranklinGothicITCbyBT-Book","sans-serif";color:windowtext'>2.3 Climate Change and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emission<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"FranklinGothicITCbyBT-Book","sans-serif";color:windowtext'>2.4 Health and Gender Issues<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"FranklinGothicITCbyBT-Demi","sans-serif";color:windowtext'>3. ISSUES AND APPROACHES<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"FranklinGothicITCbyBT-Book","sans-serif";color:windowtext'>3.1 Fuelwood<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"FranklinGothicITCbyBT-Book","sans-serif";color:windowtext'>3.2 Charcoal<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"FranklinGothicITCbyBT-Book","sans-serif";color:windowtext'>3.2.1 Forest Management for Charcoal Production<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"FranklinGothicITCbyBT-Book","sans-serif";color:windowtext'>3.2.2 Charcoal Production<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"FranklinGothicITCbyBT-Book","sans-serif";color:windowtext'>3.2.3 Transport, Trade, and Marketing<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"FranklinGothicITCbyBT-Book","sans-serif";color:windowtext'>3.2.4 Demand-Side </span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"FranklinGothicITCbyBT-Book","sans-serif";color:windowtext'>| </span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"FranklinGothicITCbyBT-Book","sans-serif";color:windowtext'>Charcoal Consumption and Improved Cookstoves<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"FranklinGothicITCbyBT-Book","sans-serif";color:windowtext'>3.3 Alternative Fuels and Fuel Switching<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"FranklinGothicITCbyBT-Book","sans-serif";color:windowtext'>3.4 Domestic Biogas<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"FranklinGothicITCbyBT-Book","sans-serif";color:windowtext'>3.5 Policy Design and Implementation<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"FranklinGothicITCbyBT-Demi","sans-serif";color:windowtext'>4. WORLD BANK INVESTMENTS IN WOOD-BASED BIOMASS ENERGY </span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"FranklinGothicITCbyBT-Medium","sans-serif";color:windowtext'>| </span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"FranklinGothicITCbyBT-Demi","sans-serif";color:windowtext'>STATUS AND OUTLOOK<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"FranklinGothicITCbyBT-Demi","sans-serif";color:windowtext'>5. CONCLUSION<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"FranklinGothicITCbyBT-Book","sans-serif";color:windowtext'>References<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"FranklinGothicITCbyBT-Book","sans-serif";color:windowtext'>Annex 1 </span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"FranklinGothicITCbyBT-Medium","sans-serif";color:windowtext'>| </span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"FranklinGothicITCbyBT-Book","sans-serif";color:windowtext'>The World Bank Biomass Related Projects in Africa (2000–2010)</span><span style='color:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div></body></html>