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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Dear Paul,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>The way I look at it; <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Biochar is not needed by the plant anymore
than peat moss, perlite, sand, lime, gypsum etc. These are all materials used
to change the texture of the soil. Better drainage, hold more water, make water
more available, adjust pH that changes availability of nutrients, added
porosity, add microbes that regulate the nutrients etc. If the biochar product
adjusts one of these components to make the required constituents (water,
nutrients, temperature etc) more optimum for the plant you will see a benefit.
A lot of silica (as in rice hulls) may very well be the component that makes
the change and the carbon fraction has nothing to do with it. Or it could all
be from the carbon fraction or mixture of both. IMO it is important to
determine the condition change that has created the increase in plant response.
And the constituent of the biochar that has done it. Then we can determine the
biochar quality that should be used on that specific site. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>But I think we can agree that it’s
the carbon component we regard as important when talking biochar. If it’s
the silica in rice hulls making the difference we could just add something like
sand. Being carbon as the important fraction biochar quality should be rated
based on the carbon component. Not only carbon concentration but also the
carbon structure (or we could just as well add organic matter). Carbon comes
in a range of biological activity. Very reactive like green grass, sugars,
oils, vegetative materials. Semi-reactive materials like wood chips, stabilized
compost, biosolids and organics from aeration ponds, finished septic systems
etc and very stabilized like plastic, biochar. Available carbon increases
microbes. That in turn uses a lot of oxygen making soils anaerobic creating
lots of problems. The reason we compost and have septic systems before
letting high reactive organics into the environment. Because biochar
claim to have a very stabilized carbon (non-available to microbes and
oxidation) we need to measure to the degree the carbon is stabilized in
addition to the concentration to rate and compare biochar products. Rice
biochar has low carbon (not good) but likely high stability (good). And a
unique structure, that in the right locations and soil type, could make all the
difference. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>It’s the test methods that work best
to determine the carbon concentration and properties that we need to sort out.
Not an easy task thanks to people wanting to use coal testing methods for
biochar. We need our own methods manual.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Regards<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Frank<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Frank Shields</span></font><font
color=navy><span style='color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Control Laboratories, Inc.</span></font><font
color=navy><span style='color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><st1:Street w:st="on"><st1:address w:st="on"><font size=2
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w:st="on">CA</st1:State> <st1:PostalCode w:st="on">95076</st1:PostalCode></span></font></st1:place><font
color=navy><span style='color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>(831) 724-5422 tel</span></font><font
color=navy><span style='color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><a href="mailto:frank@compostlab.com">frank@compostlab.com</a></span></font><font
color=navy><span style='color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><a href="http://www.compostlab.com">www.compostlab.com</a></span></font><font
color=navy><span style='color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=navy face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:navy'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=navy face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:navy'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font size=2
face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'>
stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org [mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org]
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>On Behalf Of </span></b>Crispin
Pemberton-Pigott<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Thursday, October 27, 2011
6:56 AM<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> 'Discussion of biomass cooking
stoves'<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> Re: [Stoves]
[biochar-production] Re: Stoves Digest, Vol 14,Issue 17</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span lang=EN-CA
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:#1F497D'>Dear Paul<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span lang=EN-CA
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span lang=EN-CA
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:#1F497D'>Do you know if the
char has been characterised well, or is it from the smoky stacks you described
earlier?<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span lang=EN-CA
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span lang=EN-CA
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:#1F497D'>Thanks<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span lang=EN-CA
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:#1F497D'>Crispin<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span lang=EN-CA
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span lang=EN-CA
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:#1F497D'>++++++</span></font><font
size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-CA
style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-CA style='font-size:12.0pt'>Frank,<br>
<br>
Rice hulls biochar makes as excellent soil amendment, as numerous test have
shown.<br>
Yields on rice, water spinach and other plants have increased roughly 3-fold in
the trials that were done in <st1:country-region w:st="on">Vietnam</st1:country-region>
and <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Cambodia</st1:place></st1:country-region>.<br>
If it is not the best biochar, I would be truly exciting to find something
better.<br>
<br>
Paul Olivier<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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