Paul and the other ones <br> <br>It is very interesting the work that you/they are making, for my part hopes to see this Technology very soon in Nicaragua, definitively I hope they are distributing it.<br><br>
<div class="gmail_quote">2011/10/17 <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:stoves-request@lists.bioenergylists.org">stoves-request@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>></span><br>
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<br><br>Today's Topics:<br><br> 1. Re: Interested in the of Rice Husk Stoves of Alexis Belonio<br> (Paul Olivier)<br> 2. Re: POTASIUM basics (Frans Peeters)<br> 3. Re: High mass space heating options Re: Rocket Stove for the<br>
PLACE (Crispin Pemberton-Pigott)<br> 4. Re: High mass space heating options Re: Rocket Stove for the<br> PLACE (Fireside Hearth)<br> 5. Re: why does coffee husk biochar smell like urine? (Tom Miles)<br> 6. Re: High mass space heating options Re: Rocket Stove for the<br>
PLACE (Steve Taylor)<br><br><br>----------------------------------------------------------------------<br><br>Message: 1<br>Date: Mon, 17 Oct 2011 09:32:43 +0700<br>From: Paul Olivier <<a href="mailto:paul.olivier@esrla.com">paul.olivier@esrla.com</a>><br>
To: Discussion of biomass cooking stoves<br> <<a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>><br>Subject: Re: [Stoves] Interested in the of Rice Husk Stoves of Alexis<br> Belonio<br>
Message-ID:<br> <CAOreFvZHm_6zTqhzPgV-CxAAf=<a href="mailto:F94ZFR0LhxvZ%2B5UEnBsYXE2g@mail.gmail.com">F94ZFR0LhxvZ+5UEnBsYXE2g@mail.gmail.com</a>><br>Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"<br>
<br>Norman,<br><br>We will soon begin the mass production of gasifier parts,<br>especially those parts that are difficult to make one at a time.<br>Mass production lowers costs by as much as 60%, sometimes even more.<br>All parts that we will offer (except for the burner) are in stainless steel.<br>
We want to make these parts available to workshops in developing countries<br>at basically our cost.<br>We also intend to buy fans in large quantities to lower costs.<br>Some parts that I have designed are interchangeable across gasifiers ranging<br>
in diameter from 100 to 500 mm.<br>Here in Vietnam we can mass produce items more cheaply than in China.<br>We will sell these items, of course, at a higher prices in developed<br>countries,<br>and this higher price will subsidize the sale of gasifier parts in<br>
developing countries.<br><br>Here is the reactor of a 150 gasifier.<br>This part you could easily make yourself:<br><a href="http://dl.dropbox.com/u/22013094/150%20Gasifier%20Jpegs5/150%20Gasifier.jpg" target="_blank">http://dl.dropbox.com/u/22013094/150%20Gasifier%20Jpegs5/150%20Gasifier.jpg</a><br>
Let us add the handles.<br><a href="http://dl.dropbox.com/u/22013094/150%20Gasifier%20Jpegs5/002.jpg" target="_blank">http://dl.dropbox.com/u/22013094/150%20Gasifier%20Jpegs5/002.jpg</a><br>They screw on to the reactor:<br>
Let us add the air pipe:<br><a href="http://dl.dropbox.com/u/22013094/150%20Gasifier%20Jpegs5/003.jpg" target="_blank">http://dl.dropbox.com/u/22013094/150%20Gasifier%20Jpegs5/003.jpg</a><br>The air pipe also serves as a handle and a leg.<br>
Note that it has a press fitting that allows the fan assembly to be easily<br>mounted:<br><a href="http://dl.dropbox.com/u/22013094/150%20Gasifier%20Jpegs5/004.jpg" target="_blank">http://dl.dropbox.com/u/22013094/150%20Gasifier%20Jpegs5/004.jpg</a><br>
The fan used here is strong enough to power all sizes of gasifiers that we<br>offer.<br><br>It is important to remove the fan at the end of each batch.<br>When the reactor is in an upside down position in emptying it of char,<br>
hot gases rush through the air pipe and can damage the fan in just a few<br>months.<br>Of course the reactor has a grate at the bottom:<br><a href="http://dl.dropbox.com/u/22013094/150%20Gasifier%20Jpegs5/005.jpg" target="_blank">http://dl.dropbox.com/u/22013094/150%20Gasifier%20Jpegs5/005.jpg</a><br>
<br>Next comes the burner:<br><a href="http://dl.dropbox.com/u/22013094/150%20Gasifier%20Jpegs5/006.jpg" target="_blank">http://dl.dropbox.com/u/22013094/150%20Gasifier%20Jpegs5/006.jpg</a><br>This is essentially a Belonio burner, but we will mass produce in cast iron.<br>
Next comes the burner housing:<br><a href="http://dl.dropbox.com/u/22013094/150%20Gasifier%20Jpegs5/007.jpg" target="_blank">http://dl.dropbox.com/u/22013094/150%20Gasifier%20Jpegs5/007.jpg</a><br>The burner housing allows for a big turn-down ratio.<br>
It also shields the flame from wind, and it routes hot secondary air to the<br>burner holes.<br><a href="http://dl.dropbox.com/u/22013094/150%20Burner/IMG_0444.JPG" target="_blank">http://dl.dropbox.com/u/22013094/150%20Burner/IMG_0444.JPG</a><br>
<a href="http://dl.dropbox.com/u/22013094/150%20Burner/IMG_0445.JPG" target="_blank">http://dl.dropbox.com/u/22013094/150%20Burner/IMG_0445.JPG</a><br><a href="http://dl.dropbox.com/u/22013094/150%20Burner/IMG_0448.JPG" target="_blank">http://dl.dropbox.com/u/22013094/150%20Burner/IMG_0448.JPG</a><br>
With the burner housing, rice hull gas burns with a blue flame right from<br>the beginning of the burn.<br><br>Do not look too closely in these pictures at the position of the flamelets<br>relative to the burner holes.<br>
This changes the moment a pot is placed above the burner.<br>When a pot is placed above the burner, the flow of secondary air slows down<br>substantially,<br>and the flamelets appear right above the burner holes.<br>I have discovered that the flow of secondary air can be regulated in part by<br>
the height of the pot above the burner.<br>It appears that the flow of secondary air becomes one with the flow of gas<br>as it combusts and hits the pot above.<br>I know that the pot should be as close as possible to the burner,<br>
but at the same time one has to take into account how the height of the pot<br>influences secondary air flow.<br><br>We will do everything we can to help you lower your costs in fabricating<br>gasifiers.<br>Also we will provide drawings on how to construct stove tops.<br>
The stove top is what determines the height of the pot above the burner.<br>A well-designed stove top is key to public acceptance.<br>Stove tops might vary in cost from just a few dollars to several hundred<br>dollars.<br>
I see a day coming soon when gasifiers and stove tops are incorporated into<br>modern kitchens.<br><br>For more on what we are doing in Vietnam, please see:<br><a href="http://esrla.com/pdf/landfill_06.pdf" target="_blank">http://esrla.com/pdf/landfill_06.pdf</a><br>
<br>Many thanks.<br>Paul<br><br><br>On Mon, Oct 17, 2011 at 7:25 AM, Paul S. Anderson <<a href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu">psanders@ilstu.edu</a>>wrote:<br><br>> Dear Norman and all,<br>><br>> We will gladly assist you.<br>
><br>> Prof. Belonio is not doing much these days on the small gasifiers for<br>> cooking. But his work is being advanced very nicely by Dr. Paul Olivier who<br>> lives and works in Vietnam. I expect that he will respond to your initial<br>
> message also.<br>><br>> I deal with these TLUD gasifier issues around the world, and I assure you<br>> that many people are awaiting the release of the rice husk stoves from<br>> Vietnam. At that time I will assist Dr. Olivier with dissemination,<br>
> including into Central and South America.<br>><br>> I and several others on this listserv speak and read Spanish (and some can<br>> write it well). We will assist you directly. I am also in contact with<br>
> several Stovers in Central America, including those at Zamorano Univ in<br>> Honduras and Gustavo Penha of El Salvador. I was at both places in late<br>> September.<br>><br>> We are delighted to be in contact with you.<br>
><br>> Paul S. Anderson, PhD<br>> Known to some as: Dr. TLUD Doc Professor<br>> Phone (USA): <a href="tel:309-452-7072" value="+13094527072">309-452-7072</a> SKYPE: paultlud Email: <a href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu">psanders@ilstu.edu</a><br>
> <a href="http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/**giz2011-en-micro-gasification.**pdf" target="_blank">www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/**giz2011-en-micro-gasification.**pdf</a><<a href="http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/giz2011-en-micro-gasification.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/giz2011-en-micro-gasification.pdf</a>> (Best ref.)<br>
><br>><br>><br>> Quoting Norman Rene Sandoval Siles <<a href="mailto:nrene.sandoval@gmail.com">nrene.sandoval@gmail.com</a>>:<br>><br>> Hello<br>>><br>>><br>>> I interested in the model of the stoves "Rice Husk Super Turbo Quasi<br>
>> Gasifier Stove" from the Msc.Alexis Belonio .<br>>><br>>> Im wrote of the City of Tipitapa, Managua, Nicaragua , I am a Electrical<br>>> Engineer i wishes and follow very nearly the Tecnologies based of the Rice<br>
>> Husk.I live with some parents in a Comunity called" San Francisco Libre"<br>>> located at 45 kms of the City of Tipitapa, Managua.In my place the rice<br>>> plantation are very extensive , and my Comunity are be there so long of<br>
>> the<br>>> principal poblationals and principal centers .Im San Francisco Libre my<br>>> comunity live very people poor and the vocational and Professional level<br>>> is low, As the economical level also very low .Many people its very poor.<br>
>><br>>><br>>> Please anithing send some information (Diagram of Construction etc)about<br>>> how<br>>> build one stove or the diferent models as example ,Super turbo Rice Husk<br>>> etc.<br>
>> I"ll like this technologies specific what i see is simple , easy and cheap<br>>> for constructions ,and very clean for the enviroment.<br>>><br>>> If You insterested send this information , please write me at this<br>
>> electronic mail.<br>>><br>>> I am greetings for this information.<br>>><br>>> Atentively<br>>><br>>> Eng.Norman Sandoval Siles.<br>>><br>>><br>>><br>>><br>
>><br>>> <<a href="http://www.greatcomical.com/**wp/ie.php?plg=ie&subs=gmail&**elm=sign" target="_blank">http://www.greatcomical.com/**wp/ie.php?plg=ie&subs=gmail&**elm=sign</a><<a href="http://www.greatcomical.com/wp/ie.php?plg=ie&subs=gmail&elm=sign" target="_blank">http://www.greatcomical.com/wp/ie.php?plg=ie&subs=gmail&elm=sign</a>><br>
>> ><br>>><br>>><br>><br>><br>> ------------------------------**------------------------------**----<br>> This message was sent using Illinois State University RedbirdMail<br>><br>><br>
><br>> ______________________________**_________________<br>> Stoves mailing list<br>><br>> to Send a Message to the list, use the email address<br>> stoves@lists.bioenergylists.**org <<a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>><br>
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><br>> for more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see our web site:<br>> <a href="http://www.bioenergylists.org/" target="_blank">http://www.bioenergylists.org/</a><br>><br>><br><br><br>--<br>Paul A. Olivier PhD<br>
27C Pham Hong Thai Street<br>Dalat<br>Vietnam<br><br>Louisiana telephone: <a href="tel:1-337-447-4124" value="+13374474124">1-337-447-4124</a> (rings Vietnam)<br>Mobile: 090-694-1573 (in Vietnam)<br>Skype address: Xpolivier<br>
<a href="http://www.esrla.com/" target="_blank">http://www.esrla.com/</a><br>-------------- next part --------------<br>An HTML attachment was scrubbed...<br>URL: <<a href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/pipermail/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org/attachments/20111017/5244b7ff/attachment-0001.html" target="_blank">http://lists.bioenergylists.org/pipermail/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org/attachments/20111017/5244b7ff/attachment-0001.html</a>><br>
<br>------------------------------<br><br>Message: 2<br>Date: Mon, 17 Oct 2011 13:58:23 +0200<br>From: "Frans Peeters" <<a href="mailto:peetersfrans@telenet.be">peetersfrans@telenet.be</a>><br>To: "'Discussion of biomass cooking stoves'"<br>
<<a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>><br>Subject: Re: [Stoves] POTASIUM basics<br>Message-ID: <000601cc8cc4$12384ce0$9101a8c0@RosettePC><br>Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"<br>
<br>Paul,<br><br><br><br> Black soot wil be tar from a dense hydrocarbon pek like sapin trees<br>,containing 13% .polyphenols till > 7 kekul rings .<br><br>KOH and K2CO3 under 400? C will act as fire extingwisher !<br>
<br>Mixing with rice huls make the % disturbers are lower .<br><br>K2SiO3 is water soluble! Good for plants like bamboo what needs 5% Si<br>fertliser ;<br><br>K is needed for large fruits like big patatous !<br><br>Steamcoocking gives 13% loss of K . Water coocking much more .!<br>
<br>We need 2500 milli gram K / day in our food .<br><br>Mind<br><br>K transport is partly a slepping particles transport by CO2 gas flow..<br><br>KOH can move and condense 10 cm higer in a reactor .or chimney . Polyphenols<br>
5m high .<br><br>Stainless steel Nickel oxydes dissolve by KOH in yellow salts .<br><br>Purple flame is K , if not over yellow from Na .<br><br><br><br>Regards<br><br>Frans<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>Frans,<br><br>You say that<br>
<br>K transport is not called gasform but migration as airosol particles .smog<br>alike.<br><br><br>Does this explain the presence of black soot in the syngas?<br>The black soot disappears when coffee husks are gasified along with rice<br>
hulls.<br>In the reactor, does K in the coffee husk react with silica in the rice hull<br>to form potassium silicate?<br>Does this explain the disappearance of the soot?<br><br>Thanks.<br>Paul<br><br><br><br>On Mon, Oct 17, 2011 at 5:35 AM, Frans Peeters <<a href="mailto:peetersfrans@telenet.be">peetersfrans@telenet.be</a>><br>
wrote:<br><br>Paul,<br><br><br><br> You start thinking of an analysis figure in feriliser ! Expressed in an<br>old way : K2O. Not the real state !!<br><br>Potasium in general : ash 10-20 % but comming from 5% ash in the biofuel<br>
.You end up with 10%from 5% =0,5 % from the fuel ,as exemple .<br><br>Fe2O3 stays Fe2O3 but K2Obecomes fast KOH with H2O from the air!<br>Hygroscopic at room temperature ..<br><br>K into fuel wil go over KOH to K2CO3 or stronger SO4?PO4--- Cl- F -SiO3 ?<br>
salts if those radicals are present ..<br><br>K transport is not called gasform but migration as airosol particles .<br><br>smog alike. Not K2O but KOH or KOH.xH2O under 400? C<br><br>Now you got the better info for 400-800? C (My fusion =400 ? C )<br>
<br>But mind the KOH at your 170? C is a flame extigwisher .. Fe2O3 is not ?.<br><br>KOH in the flame explodes and gives your horizontal flame splitting .<br><br>Suggestion :aspiration of the CO2 off gas in a fumehood ( by 800? C ) plus<br>
water nebulation afterwards wil recuperate the valuable potasium.and<br>protect your lungs and nose .<br><br><br><br>Frans<br><br>-------------- next part --------------<br>An HTML attachment was scrubbed...<br>URL: <<a href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/pipermail/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org/attachments/20111017/3b465421/attachment-0001.html" target="_blank">http://lists.bioenergylists.org/pipermail/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org/attachments/20111017/3b465421/attachment-0001.html</a>><br>
<br>------------------------------<br><br>Message: 3<br>Date: Mon, 17 Oct 2011 11:33:53 -0400<br>From: "Crispin Pemberton-Pigott" <<a href="mailto:crispinpigott@gmail.com">crispinpigott@gmail.com</a>><br>To: "'Discussion of biomass cooking stoves'"<br>
<<a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>><br>Subject: Re: [Stoves] High mass space heating options Re: Rocket Stove<br> for the PLACE<br>Message-ID: <037301cc8ce2$2e96bcf0$8bc436d0$@<a href="http://gmail.com/" target="_blank">gmail.com</a>><br>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"<br><br>Dear Roger<br><br><br><br>You can look but you can't touch!<br><br><br><br>Regards<br><br>Crispin<br><br><br><br><br><br>++++++<br><br><br><br>Hmmmmm<br><br>
Maybe I should save myself some time and be looking under people's<br>mattresses........lol.<br><br> _____<br><br>-------------- next part --------------<br>An HTML attachment was scrubbed...<br>URL: <<a href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/pipermail/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org/attachments/20111017/76c5cf4d/attachment-0001.html" target="_blank">http://lists.bioenergylists.org/pipermail/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org/attachments/20111017/76c5cf4d/attachment-0001.html</a>><br>
<br>------------------------------<br><br>Message: 4<br>Date: Mon, 17 Oct 2011 11:34:17 -0700<br>From: Fireside Hearth <<a href="mailto:firesidehearthvashon@hotmail.com">firesidehearthvashon@hotmail.com</a>><br>To: <<a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>><br>
Subject: Re: [Stoves] High mass space heating options Re: Rocket Stove<br> for the PLACE<br>Message-ID: <BLU125-W22C776AE20FF547F2953C9C3E40@phx.gbl><br>Content-Type: text/plain; charset="windows-1252"<br>
<br><br>Dear Crispin.......<br><br> Touche ! If I am to bother being that dishonest.......might as well finish the job, eh?<br><br> So I have a good question for you, when the temperature drops I get a loss of draft, I think more so with the 3" diameter flue. It caused me great pains last night when my "sweet little stove" became a smoke bomb. Any hints on overcoming this issue?<br>
<br> Roger<br><br>From: <a href="mailto:crispinpigott@gmail.com">crispinpigott@gmail.com</a><br>To: <a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br>Date: Mon, 17 Oct 2011 11:33:53 -0400<br>
Subject: Re: [Stoves] High mass space heating options Re: Rocket Stove for the PLACE<br><br><br><br>Dear Roger You can look but you can?t touch! RegardsCrispin ++++++ Hmmmmm<br><br> Maybe I should save myself some time and be looking under people's mattresses........lol.<br>
_______________________________________________<br>Stoves mailing list<br><br>to Send a Message to the list, use the email address<br><a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br>
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<br>for more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see our web site:<br><a href="http://www.bioenergylists.org/" target="_blank">http://www.bioenergylists.org/</a><br>-------------- next part --------------<br>An HTML attachment was scrubbed...<br>
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<br>------------------------------<br><br>Message: 5<br>Date: Mon, 17 Oct 2011 11:35:01 -0700<br>From: "Tom Miles" <<a href="mailto:tmiles@trmiles.com">tmiles@trmiles.com</a>><br>To: "'Discussion of biomass cooking stoves'"<br>
<<a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>><br>Subject: Re: [Stoves] why does coffee husk biochar smell like urine?<br>Message-ID: <011001cc8cfb$7b6f6680$724e3380$@com><br>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"<br><br>Paul,<br><br><br><br>The structure and composition of rice husk ash make rice husks a unique fuel<br>and so they should not be compared to straws. We did a fair amount of work<br>
with rice husk combustion after our work with alkali deposits. That work is<br>proprietary to our client. We included phase diagrams in our alkali study<br>that show the effect of K:Si composition and temperature on liquidus states.<br>
<a href="http://www.trmiles.com/alkali/Alkali_Report.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.trmiles.com/alkali/Alkali_Report.pdf</a> In practice unground rice<br>husks are a very stable fuel for gasification. You need to burn out the<br>
carbon and get to some pretty high temperatures to have problems. Even if<br>you have an excess of K relative to Si, which would be the case in adding<br>coffee husks, you dot; have the slagging problems you would have with rice<br>
straw.<br><br><br><br>While at the Asian Pacific Biochar Conference last month in Japan we visited<br>the <<a href="http://www.kippo.or.jp/e/nature/environment/Picture/252012_e.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.kippo.or.jp/e/nature/environment/Picture/252012_e.pdf</a>> Aito<br>
Eco-plaza "Nanohana Kan". They use an updraft, stirred bed, gasifier<br>supplied by Kansai Corporation to convert rice husks to biochar (Kuntan) and<br>heat. They feed 150 kg/hr husk at 2000 kcal/kg and get 50 kg/hr char. It is<br>
a stirred bed gasifier. They say that husks gasify in the bed at about 600C.<br>Air is added above the bed to burn the gases. Stack gas is 15% O2 so they<br>use lots of excess air. About 30% of the heat input is recovered as hot<br>
water which is used in the bio oil process and in winter for heating.<br><br><br><br>They pack the product in clear 10 kg bags. I was interested in the labeling<br>of the bags. They indicate 40% carbon and 50% silica.<br>
<br>Their label indicates that in 1 kg biochar they have<br><br> K 11000mg<br><br> Ca 5700<br><br> Na 1700<br><br> Mn 790<br><br> Fe 190<br><br> Zn 110<br><br>Cu a very small quantity<br><br><br><br>
They provide separate instructions for use in gardens, horticultural crops,<br>row cropland tees.<br><br><br><br>The numbers of units and actual use are still not clear. I heard that Kansai<br>Corp had installed 200 of these and made char from about 10% of their husk<br>
production of 100,000 tpy.<br><br><br><br>I would expect the traditional farm scale kuntan pyrolysis to be at a<br>similar low temperature. We were told that Kuntan is used in growing rice<br>plant seedlings because it is good for root development.<br>
<br><br><br>Steve M Haefele et. al. (IRRI) have published research on rice husk char.<br>Carbon and potassium contents of the char are similar to the Aito label<br>above. K concentrations in the char is 2 x the untreated char. C and N are<br>
in similar concentrations in the char as in the untreated husk. One furnace<br>was developed at IRRI in conjunction with Nong Lam University in Vietnam.<br><br>All of this research is relevant to the use of char from carbonizing stoves.<br>
<br><br><br><br>Tom<br><br><br><br>Haefele, S. M., Y. Konboon, et al. (2011). "Effects and fate of biochar from<br>rice residues in rice-based systems." Field Crops Research 121(3): 430-440.<br><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378429011000402" target="_blank">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378429011000402</a><br>
<br><br><br> Although crop residues constitute an enormous resource,<br>actual residue management practices in rice-based systems have various<br>negative side effects and contribute to global warming. The concept of a<br>
combined bioenergy/biochar system could tackle these problems in a new way.<br>Rice residues would be used for energy production, thereby reducing field<br>burning and the use of fossil fuels, and the biochar by-product could help<br>
to improve soils, avoid methane emissions, and sequester carbon in soils. To<br>examine some of these promises, we conducted field experiments from 2005 to<br>2008 in three different rice production systems. Objectives were to study<br>
the effect of biochar from rice husks on soil characteristics, assess the<br>stability of carbonized rice residues in these different systems, and<br>evaluate the agronomic effect of biochar applications. The results showed<br>
that application of untreated and carbonized rice husks (RH and CRH)<br>increased total organic carbon, total soil N, the C/N ratio, and available P<br>and K. Not significant or small effects were observed for soil reaction,<br>
exchangeable Ca, Mg, Na, and the CEC. On a fertile soil, the high C/N ratio<br>of CRH seemed to have limited N availability, thereby slightly reducing<br>grain yields in the first three seasons after application. On a poor soil,<br>
where the crop also suffered from water stress, soil chemical and physical<br>improvements increased yields by 16-35%. Together with a parallel study<br>including methane and CO2 emission measurements at one site, the results<br>
strongly suggest that CRH is very stable in various rice soils and systems,<br>possibly for thousands of years. However, the study also showed that CRH was<br>very mobile in some soils. Especially in poor sandy soil, about half of the<br>
applied carbon seemed to have moved below 0.30 m in the soil profile<br>within 4 years after application. We concluded that biochar from rice<br>residues can be beneficial in rice-based systems but that actual effects on<br>
soil fertility, grain yield, and soil organic carbon will depend on<br>site-specific conditions. Long-term studies on biochar in field trials seem<br>essential to better understand biochar effects and to investigate its<br>
behavior in soils.<br><br><br><br><br><br>-------------- next part --------------<br>An HTML attachment was scrubbed...<br>URL: <<a href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/pipermail/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org/attachments/20111017/b9cd2b90/attachment-0001.html" target="_blank">http://lists.bioenergylists.org/pipermail/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org/attachments/20111017/b9cd2b90/attachment-0001.html</a>><br>
<br>------------------------------<br><br>Message: 6<br>Date: Mon, 17 Oct 2011 19:51:30 +0100<br>From: Steve Taylor <<a href="mailto:steve@thetaylorfamily.org.uk">steve@thetaylorfamily.org.uk</a>><br>To: Discussion of biomass cooking stoves<br>
<<a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>><br>Subject: Re: [Stoves] High mass space heating options Re: Rocket Stove<br> for the PLACE<br>Message-ID:<br> <<a href="mailto:CAGW2POhWiRU2zEpJr41nkYCkWTaFpHHjhL8MWJsJQBbhePnarQ@mail.gmail.com">CAGW2POhWiRU2zEpJr41nkYCkWTaFpHHjhL8MWJsJQBbhePnarQ@mail.gmail.com</a>><br>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"<br><br>On 17 October 2011 19:34, Fireside Hearth<br><<a href="mailto:firesidehearthvashon@hotmail.com">firesidehearthvashon@hotmail.com</a>>wrote:<br><br>> Dear Crispin.......<br>
><br>> Touche ! If I am to bother being that dishonest.......might as well<br>> finish the job, eh?<br>><br>> So I have a good question for you, when the temperature drops<br>> I get a loss of draft, I think more so with the 3" diameter flue. It caused<br>
> me great pains last night when my "sweet little stove" became a smoke bomb.<br>> Any hints on overcoming this issue?<br>><br>><br>Add a low power electric blower ?<br><br>Steve<br>-------------- next part --------------<br>
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