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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body bgcolor=white lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>Dear Kevin,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>Just making sure the 1.72 kj/kg / deg c value is correct for water vapor. I think I am getting the rest. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>And we have all the different units! : )<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>Frank<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>Frank Shields<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>42 Hangar Way<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>Watsonville, CA 95076<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>(831) 724-5244 tel<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>(831) 724-3188 fax<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>frank@bioCharlab.com<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org [mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Kevin<br><b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, December 21, 2011 5:41 AM<br><b>To:</b> Discussion of biomass cooking stoves<br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [Stoves] Water vapor calc.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Dear Tom and Frank</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><blockquote style='border:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 4.0pt;margin-left:3.75pt;margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>----- Original Message ----- <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:#E4E4E4'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> <a href="mailto:tmiles@trmiles.com" title="tmiles@trmiles.com">Tom Miles</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>To:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> <a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org" title="stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">'Discussion of biomass cooking stoves'</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Sent:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> Tuesday, December 20, 2011 8:54 PM<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Subject:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> [Stoves] Water vapor calc.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><p class=MsoNormal>Dear Stovers,<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>A few questions if you don’t mind. <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Enthalpy of water is 104.73 kj/kg at 25 deg. C<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'># Enthalpy is simply the total energy content of the fluid with 0 C as the reference. (Or 32 degrees F) The Joule units mask the simplicity: the reality is that 104.73 kJ/kG = 25,015 calories/kG, which simplifies to 1 calorie per gram per degree C , over 25 degrees C.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>This is the "Sensible Heat" of liquid water, also equal to 1 BTU per pound per degree F</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>We need to add 4.186 kj/kg/deg. C (4.186 X 75) 314 to equal 419 to reach 100 deg. C<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'># 4.186 Joules = 1 Calorie. 75 degree rise requires 75 calories per gram.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>We need to add (2675 – 419) =2256 kj/kg to get to a vapor. And have enthalpy of 2675 kj/kg at 100 deg. C. <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'># This is the "Heat of Vaporization of Water", or the "Latent Heat" associated with the change in phase from liquid to vapor. </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>But then the water vapor goes up to 400 deg. C in a stack. <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>So we add 1.72 kj/kg / deg. C or 300 X 1.72 = 516. So 516 + 2675 = 3191 kj/kg in the water vapor at 400 deg C. (?)<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'># This is the "Sensible Heat of Water Vapor". </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>When the vapor cools off it releases a lot of energy. Its interesting to me that water vapor at 25 deg. C has so much more energy than water in a liquid! <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'># Yes. The Vapor at 25 C contains the "Heat of Vaporization" of the water.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>How does humidity calculate into all this? <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'># Humidity generally refers to the amount of water vapor in the air. When water vapor is added to 1 pound of dry air, there comes a point where it cannot hold any more without condensing. The "Relative Humidity", RH is then 100%. If teh air only had 75% of teh amount of water it could hold, then the RH would be 75%.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Hope this helps.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Best wishes,</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Kevin</span> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Thanks<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Frank<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Frank Shields<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>42 Hangar Way<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Watsonville, CA 95076<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>(831) 724-5244 tel<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>(831) 724-3188 fax<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><a href="mailto:frank@bioCharlab.com">frank@bioCharlab.com</a><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><hr size=2 width="100%" align=center></span></div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>_______________________________________________<br>Stoves mailing list<br><br>to Send a Message to the list, use the email address<br><a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br><br>to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page<br><a href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org">http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br><br>for more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see our web site:<br><a href="http://www.bioenergylists.org/">http://www.bioenergylists.org/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><hr size=2 width="100%" align=center></span></div><p>No virus found in this message.<br>Checked by AVG - <a href="http://www.avg.com">www.avg.com</a><br>Version: 2012.0.1890 / Virus Database: 2109/4692 - Release Date: 12/20/11<o:p></o:p></p></blockquote></div></body></html>