Frank,<br><br>Here in Vietnam we have both dry coffee husks and wet coffee pulp.<br>We gasify the dry coffee husk as a source of fuel for drying the coffee bean from a wet mill,<br> and that we ferment the wet coffee pulp as a feed for pigs.<br>
The fermented coffee pulp has a crude protein content as high as 14%.<br><br>Wet coffee pulp is an extremely low-grade fuel, but it can be easily converted into a quality pig feed.<br>All that is needed to ferment it is to add 5% molasses by weight and put it into a sealed container or bag.<br>
The pH of this fermented brew drops below 4.0.<br>After one week it can be fed to pigs.<br><br>Some types of waste earn more money as a fuel,<br> and some types of waste earn more money as a feed.<br>From an economic point of view, it's far from ideal to burn pig feed.<br>
<br>Thanks.<br>Paul<br><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Sat, Feb 11, 2012 at 8:30 AM, Frank Scott <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:franks@q-net.net.au">franks@q-net.net.au</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
<u></u>
<div>
<div dir="ltr" align="left"><font face="Palatino Linotype"><span>Paul</span></font></div>
<div dir="ltr" align="left"><font face="Palatino Linotype"><span></span></font> </div>
<div dir="ltr" align="left"><font face="Palatino Linotype"><span>I build a proto-type Cremasco Bioheater for the
Pinhalense Group in Brazil where we successfully combusted freshly processed
coffee pulp that contained a moisture content of about 80%
without</span></font></div>
<div dir="ltr" align="left"><font face="Palatino Linotype"><span>any smoke emissions. See below;</span></font></div>
<div dir="ltr" align="left"><font face="Palatino Linotype"><span>Cheers</span></font></div>
<div dir="ltr" align="left"><font face="Palatino Linotype"><span>Frank Scott</span></font></div>
<div dir="ltr" align="left"><font face="Palatino Linotype"><span>**********************</span></font></div>
<div dir="ltr" align="left"><font color="#0000ff" face="Palatino Linotype"><span></span></font> </div>
<div dir="ltr" align="left"><font color="#0000ff" face="Palatino Linotype"><span>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Tahoma"><font size="3"><span><font><span><font size="3"><font color="#0000ff"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Palatino Linotype','serif';FONT-SIZE:10pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif';FONT-SIZE:12pt" lang="EN-US"><font size="4"><font color="#000000">The Cremasco Bioheater for the Coffee Processing
Industry<u></u><u></u><u></u></font></font></span></span></font></font></span></font></span></font></font></p>
<div dir="ltr" align="left">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif'"><font color="#000000"><b><i></i></b></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif';FONT-SIZE:10pt" lang="EN-US"><font color="#000000"><span><font color="#0000ff" face="Palatino Linotype" size="3"></font></span></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif';FONT-SIZE:10pt" lang="EN-US"><font color="#000000"><span></span>The Cremasco Bioheater gets
its name from its inventor, Father Dominic Cremasco, who in the 1960s design a
furnace to completely combust (at high combustion temperatures) low-grade wet
biomass materials that normally would not be considered fuel. While numerous
Cremasco Bioheaters have successfully operated since the mid-1980s, only
recently has there been a focused engineering effort to match the process with
specific commercial applications. A feasibility study by The Rocky Mountain
Process Group in the United States concluded that the drying of wet coffee beans
using heat produced from the combustion of coffee pulp in a bioheater is a
viable application of this technology. The coffee processing application
simultaneously addresses an environmental problem (pulp waste disposal) and
offers the economic and environmental benefit of reduced or eliminated fossil
fuel and wood consumption.<u></u><u></u></font></span></p>
<h1 style="MARGIN:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif';FONT-SIZE:10pt;FONT-WEIGHT:normal" lang="EN-US"><u></u><font color="#000000"></font><u></u></span></h1>
<h1 style="MARGIN:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif';FONT-SIZE:10pt" lang="EN-US"><font color="#000000">HOW IT WORKS<u></u><u></u></font></span></h1>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT:0cm;MARGIN-BOTTOM:0pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif';FONT-SIZE:10pt" lang="EN-US"><font color="#000000">Wet feed materials like coffee pulp can be successfully processed
because the bioheater is designed to first dry and partially burn the biomass
feed material in a primary chamber followed by complete combustion of the gases
and residual char material in a secondary chamber. Biomass is fed either
manually or automatically to the bioheater and ash is withdrawn from the bottom
of the unit. From such wet fuels, the bioheater has demonstrated that it can
sustain combustion temperatures of 1,000ºC to 1,200ºC with no visible emissions
to the atmosphere. Heat in the flue gas is transferred by a heat exchanger to
flowing air or water for space or process heating such as coffee bean
drying.<u></u><u></u></font></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT:0cm;MARGIN-BOTTOM:0pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif';FONT-SIZE:10pt" lang="EN-US"><u></u><font color="#000000"></font><u></u></span></p>
<h1 style="MARGIN:0cm 0cm 0pt"><a name="1356a08dd604d179__Toc36958886"></a><a name="1356a08dd604d179__Toc35160815"></a><a name="1356a08dd604d179__Toc35750746"></a><a name="1356a08dd604d179__Toc36000278"></a><a name="1356a08dd604d179__Toc36109968"></a><font color="#000000"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif';FONT-SIZE:10pt" lang="EN-US">WHY COFFEE
PROCESSING</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif';FONT-SIZE:10pt" lang="EN-US"><u></u><u></u></span></font></h1>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT:0cm;MARGIN-BOTTOM:0pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif';FONT-SIZE:10pt" lang="EN-US"><font color="#000000">Dried green coffee beans represent only about 16% of the weight of
ripe coffee cherries, resulting in a large amount of pulp waste with limited use
in other applications. Coffee pulp waste is a pollutant that is banned from some
waterways but in some regions continues to be dumped in rivers. In most cases,
solar drying is not completely effective. Freshly pulped, fermented, and washed
parchment coffee has a moisture content of about 55% by weight and must be
reduced to under 11% for long term storage and roasting. At this moisture
content, the parchment husk prevents deterioration of the dry coffee beans.
Optimal temperatures for mechanical air drying of coffee beans are in the range
of 45 to 55ºC and the drying process typically takes 24 to 36 hours. The beans
are subject to a continual flow of warm air during which time they undergo
distinct changes in color, hardness, and chemical
composition.<u></u><u></u></font></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT:0cm;MARGIN-BOTTOM:0pt"><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif';FONT-SIZE:10pt" lang="EN-US"><u></u><font color="#000000"></font><u></u></span></b></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT:0cm;MARGIN-BOTTOM:0pt"><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif';FONT-SIZE:10pt" lang="EN-US"><font color="#000000">BENEFIT TO COFFEE GROWERS<u></u><u></u></font></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font><font color="#000000"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif'">The Cremasco Bioheater consumes coffee
pulp as fuel to generate heat for drying wet green coffee beans. This approach
offers the following significant advantages and no obvious technical
drawbacks:</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif';FONT-SIZE:10pt"><u></u><u></u></span></font></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Times New Roman','serif';COLOR:blue;FONT-SIZE:12pt"><u></u><font color="#000000"></font><u></u></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT:36pt" class="MsoNormal"><font><font color="#000000"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:Symbol">·</span><span style="FONT-SIZE:7pt"> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif'">the potential for the solution of
multiple environmental problems.(consumption of polluting coffee pulp as fuel,
and reduction in deforestation for fuel wood),</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif';FONT-SIZE:10pt"><u></u><u></u></span></font></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT:36pt" class="MsoNormal"><font><font color="#000000"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:Symbol">·</span><span style="FONT-SIZE:7pt"> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif'">contributes to the concept of
sustainable communities,<u></u><u></u></span></font></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT:36pt" class="MsoNormal"><font><font color="#000000"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:Symbol">·</span><span style="FONT-SIZE:7pt"> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif'">encompasses an enormous international
market,<u></u><u></u></span></font></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT:36pt" class="MsoNormal"><font><font color="#000000"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:Symbol">·</span><span style="FONT-SIZE:7pt"> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif'">reduces risks relating to coffee
spoilage (more rapid drying than solar
drying),<u></u><u></u></span></font></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT:36pt" class="MsoNormal"><font><font color="#000000"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:Symbol">·</span><span style="FONT-SIZE:7pt"> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif'">the ash produced from the Bioheater
can be used as fertilizer to return minerals to the soil for coffee growing, and
<u></u><u></u></span></font></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT:36pt" class="MsoNormal"><font><font color="#000000"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:Symbol">·</span><span style="FONT-SIZE:7pt"> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif'">dry coffee beans can be sold for many
times the value of wet beans, thus the farmer gains added sales flexibility due
to greatly increased storage time.<u></u><u></u></span></font></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif'"><u></u><font color="#000000"></font><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif'"><font><font color="#000000">PROPOSED COFFEE
DRYER<u></u><u></u></font></font></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><a name="1356a08dd604d179_OLE_LINK2"></a><a name="1356a08dd604d179_OLE_LINK1"></a><font><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif'">The Propsed
Cremasco Coffee Dryer is based on drying a 1,000 kg batch of wet green beans in
a 32 hour period. The wet pulp feed rate to the Bioheater is 86.1 lb/h (wet
basis) and assumes 65 wt% moisture in the pulp. Other key assumptions include a
wet pulp / dry green coffee mass ratio = 2.5, wet green coffee moisture content
= 55 wt%, dry green coffee moisture content = 10 wt%, ash content of bone dry
pulp = 5 wt%, bone dry pulp heat of combustion = 7,333 Btu/lb.</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif';COLOR:blue;FONT-SIZE:12pt"><u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT:0cm;MARGIN-BOTTOM:0pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif';FONT-SIZE:10pt" lang="EN-US"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT:0cm;MARGIN-BOTTOM:0pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif';FONT-SIZE:10pt" lang="EN-US"><img src="" height="417" width="602"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT:0cm;MARGIN-BOTTOM:0pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif';FONT-SIZE:10pt" lang="EN-US"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN:0cm 0cm 0pt"><i><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif';FONT-WEIGHT:normal" lang="EN-US"><font color="#000000">Figure 1: Cremasco Bioheater Coffee Drying
Process<u></u><u></u></font></span></i></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT:0cm;MARGIN-BOTTOM:0pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif';FONT-SIZE:10pt" lang="EN-US"><u></u><font color="#000000" face="Arial"></font><u></u></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT:0cm;MARGIN-BOTTOM:0pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif';FONT-SIZE:10pt" lang="EN-US"><font color="#000000">Figure 1 illustrates the major components of a simple, small
Cremasco Bioheater Coffee Bean Drying System. This system has a capacity of
1,000 kg of wet coffee beans per batch. Smaller and larger systems can be
designed for a range of coffee bean processing rates.
<u></u><u></u></font></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT:0cm;MARGIN-BOTTOM:0pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif';FONT-SIZE:10pt" lang="EN-US"><u></u><font color="#000000" face="Arial"></font><u></u></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT:0cm;MARGIN-BOTTOM:0pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif';FONT-SIZE:10pt" lang="EN-US"><font color="#000000">Other potential applications for the Cremasco Bioheater include
the coconut oil, palm oil, citronella oil, and domestic farm animal
industries.<u></u><u></u></font></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT:0cm;MARGIN-BOTTOM:0pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif';FONT-SIZE:10pt" lang="EN-US"><u></u><font color="#000000" face="Arial"></font><u></u></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT:0cm;MARGIN-BOTTOM:0pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif';FONT-SIZE:10pt" lang="EN-US"><font color="#000000">Our current proposal is to optimise the bioheater for application
in the coffee industry. For further information contact Frank Scott on (61-8)
9474 1026 or by email at </font><a title="mailto:franks@q-net.net.au" href="mailto:franks@q-net.net.au" target="_blank"><font title="mailto:franks@q-net.net.au" color="#000000">franks@q-net.net.au</font></a><font color="#000000">,
</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif';FONT-SIZE:10pt" lang="EN-AU"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<div style="BORDER-BOTTOM:windowtext 1pt solid;BORDER-LEFT:medium none;PADDING-BOTTOM:1pt;PADDING-LEFT:0cm;PADDING-RIGHT:0cm;BORDER-TOP:medium none;BORDER-RIGHT:medium none;PADDING-TOP:0cm">
<p style="TEXT-INDENT:0cm;MARGIN-BOTTOM:0pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif';FONT-SIZE:10pt" lang="EN-AU"><u></u><font color="#000000" face="Arial"></font><u></u></span></p></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif';FONT-SIZE:10pt" lang="EN-AU"><u></u><u></u></span></p><span style="LINE-HEIGHT:115%;FONT-FAMILY:'Times New Roman','serif';FONT-SIZE:12pt">
<div>
<h1 style="MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE:12pt"><font face="Arial"><font color="#000000">Mass and Energy Balance for the Cremasco Bioheater:<span> <span><font color="#0000ff" face="Palatino Linotype"></font></span></span></font></font></span></h1>
<h1 style="MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE:12pt"><font face="Arial"><font color="#000000"><span><span></span></span><u></u><u></u></font></font></span></h1>
<h1 style="MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE:12pt"><font color="#000000"><font face="Arial">Coffee Pulp Processing</font><span><font face="Palatino Linotype"> <span><font color="#0000ff"></font></span></font></span></font></span></h1>
<h1 style="MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE:12pt"><font color="#000000"><span><font face="Palatino Linotype"><span></span></font></span></font></span></h1>
<h1 style="MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE:12pt"><font face="Palatino Linotype"><font color="#000000"><span></span><u></u><u></u></font></font></span></h1>
<p style="MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif';FONT-SIZE:11pt"><font color="#000000">The following tables provide the results of a mass and energy
balance spreadsheet model for the Cremasco Bioheater.<span> </span>The model assumes that coffee pulp with a
moisture content of 65 wt% is the only biomass feed to the Bioheater.<span> </span>The heat generated by the combustion of coffee
pulp is then used to heat a separate air stream, which can be used for drying
green coffee beans.<span> </span>This high moisture
content for coffee pulp is realistic and represents the high end or essentially
a<span> </span>“worst case” moisture content for
biomass in general.<span><font color="#0000ff" face="Palatino Linotype" size="3"> </font></span></font></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif';FONT-SIZE:11pt"><font color="#000000"><span></span><span></span><u></u><u></u></font></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT:0.5in;MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif';FONT-SIZE:11pt"><u></u><font color="#000000"></font><u></u></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt"><font color="#000000" face="Arial"><font>As with any process model, key assumptions were required
and are summarized in Table 1.<span><font color="#0000ff" face="Palatino Linotype"> </font></span></font></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt"><font color="#000000" face="Arial"><span></span></font></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT:0.5in;MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif'"><u></u><font></font><u></u></span></p>
<table style="BORDER-BOTTOM:medium none;BORDER-LEFT:medium none;MARGIN:auto auto auto 41.4pt;BORDER-COLLAPSE:collapse;BORDER-TOP:medium none;BORDER-RIGHT:medium none" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr style="min-height:18.85pt">
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:#f0f0f0;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:5.4pt;WIDTH:5in;PADDING-RIGHT:5.4pt;min-height:18.85pt;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-TOP:0in" colspan="2" valign="top" width="600">
<h2 style="TEXT-ALIGN:center;MARGIN:3pt 0in" align="center"><span style="FONT-SIZE:10pt"><font face="Arial">Table 1.<span> </span>Major Assumptions used In Mass and
Energy Balance Model<u></u><u></u></font></span></h2></td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:windowtext 1pt solid;BORDER-LEFT:windowtext 1pt solid;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:5.4pt;WIDTH:256.5pt;PADDING-RIGHT:5.4pt;BORDER-TOP:windowtext 1.5pt solid;BORDER-RIGHT:windowtext 1pt solid;PADDING-TOP:0in" valign="top" width="428">
<p style="MARGIN:3pt 0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif'"><font>Biomass (coffee pulp) feed rate <u></u><u></u></font></span></p></td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:windowtext 1pt solid;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:5.4pt;WIDTH:103.5pt;PADDING-RIGHT:5.4pt;BORDER-TOP:windowtext 1.5pt solid;BORDER-RIGHT:windowtext 1pt solid;PADDING-TOP:0in" valign="top" width="173">
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN:center;MARGIN:3pt 0in" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif'"><font>100 kg/h<u></u><u></u></font></span></p></td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:windowtext 1pt solid;BORDER-LEFT:windowtext 1pt solid;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:5.4pt;WIDTH:256.5pt;PADDING-RIGHT:5.4pt;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:windowtext 1pt solid;PADDING-TOP:0in" valign="top" width="428">
<p style="MARGIN:3pt 0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif'"><font>Biomass (coffee pulp) heat of combustion (dry
basis)<u></u><u></u></font></span></p></td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:windowtext 1pt solid;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:5.4pt;WIDTH:103.5pt;PADDING-RIGHT:5.4pt;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:windowtext 1pt solid;PADDING-TOP:0in" valign="top" width="173">
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN:center;MARGIN:3pt 0in" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif'"><font>4,073.9 kcal/kg<u></u><u></u></font></span></p></td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:windowtext 1pt solid;BORDER-LEFT:windowtext 1pt solid;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:5.4pt;WIDTH:256.5pt;PADDING-RIGHT:5.4pt;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:windowtext 1pt solid;PADDING-TOP:0in" valign="top" width="428">
<p style="MARGIN:3pt 0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif'"><font>Biomass moisture content (wet
basis)<u></u><u></u></font></span></p></td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:windowtext 1pt solid;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:5.4pt;WIDTH:103.5pt;PADDING-RIGHT:5.4pt;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:windowtext 1pt solid;PADDING-TOP:0in" valign="top" width="173">
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN:center;MARGIN:3pt 0in" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif'"><font>65 wt%<u></u><u></u></font></span></p></td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:windowtext 1pt solid;BORDER-LEFT:windowtext 1pt solid;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:5.4pt;WIDTH:256.5pt;PADDING-RIGHT:5.4pt;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:windowtext 1pt solid;PADDING-TOP:0in" valign="top" width="428">
<p style="MARGIN:3pt 0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif'"><font>Biomass ultimate analysis (dry basis)
(wt%)<u></u><u></u></font></span></p></td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:windowtext 1pt solid;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:5.4pt;WIDTH:103.5pt;PADDING-RIGHT:5.4pt;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:windowtext 1pt solid;PADDING-TOP:0in" valign="top" width="173">
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN:center;MARGIN:3pt 0in" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif'"><u></u><font></font><u></u></span></p></td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:windowtext 1pt solid;BORDER-LEFT:windowtext 1pt solid;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:5.4pt;WIDTH:256.5pt;PADDING-RIGHT:5.4pt;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:windowtext 1pt solid;PADDING-TOP:0in" valign="top" width="428">
<p style="MARGIN:3pt 0in 3pt 0.25in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif'"><font>Carbon<u></u><u></u></font></span></p></td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:windowtext 1pt solid;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:5.4pt;WIDTH:103.5pt;PADDING-RIGHT:5.4pt;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:windowtext 1pt solid;PADDING-TOP:0in" valign="top" width="173">
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN:center;MARGIN:3pt 0in" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif'"><font>43.400<u></u><u></u></font></span></p></td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:windowtext 1pt solid;BORDER-LEFT:windowtext 1pt solid;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:5.4pt;WIDTH:256.5pt;PADDING-RIGHT:5.4pt;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:windowtext 1pt solid;PADDING-TOP:0in" valign="top" width="428">
<p style="MARGIN:3pt 0in 3pt 0.25in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif'"><font>Hydrogen<u></u><u></u></font></span></p></td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:windowtext 1pt solid;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:5.4pt;WIDTH:103.5pt;PADDING-RIGHT:5.4pt;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:windowtext 1pt solid;PADDING-TOP:0in" valign="top" width="173">
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN:center;MARGIN:3pt 0in" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif'"><font>7.165<u></u><u></u></font></span></p></td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:windowtext 1pt solid;BORDER-LEFT:windowtext 1pt solid;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:5.4pt;WIDTH:256.5pt;PADDING-RIGHT:5.4pt;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:windowtext 1pt solid;PADDING-TOP:0in" valign="top" width="428">
<p style="MARGIN:3pt 0in 3pt 0.25in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif'"><font>Oxygen<u></u><u></u></font></span></p></td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:windowtext 1pt solid;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:5.4pt;WIDTH:103.5pt;PADDING-RIGHT:5.4pt;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:windowtext 1pt solid;PADDING-TOP:0in" valign="top" width="173">
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN:center;MARGIN:3pt 0in" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif'"><font>41.495<u></u><u></u></font></span></p></td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:windowtext 1pt solid;BORDER-LEFT:windowtext 1pt solid;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:5.4pt;WIDTH:256.5pt;PADDING-RIGHT:5.4pt;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:windowtext 1pt solid;PADDING-TOP:0in" valign="top" width="428">
<p style="MARGIN:3pt 0in 3pt 0.25in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif'"><font>Nitrogen<u></u><u></u></font></span></p></td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:windowtext 1pt solid;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:5.4pt;WIDTH:103.5pt;PADDING-RIGHT:5.4pt;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:windowtext 1pt solid;PADDING-TOP:0in" valign="top" width="173">
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN:center;MARGIN:3pt 0in" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif'"><font>2.940<u></u><u></u></font></span></p></td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:windowtext 1pt solid;BORDER-LEFT:windowtext 1pt solid;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:5.4pt;WIDTH:256.5pt;PADDING-RIGHT:5.4pt;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:windowtext 1pt solid;PADDING-TOP:0in" valign="top" width="428">
<p style="MARGIN:3pt 0in 3pt 0.25in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif'"><font>Ash<u></u><u></u></font></span></p></td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:windowtext 1pt solid;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:5.4pt;WIDTH:103.5pt;PADDING-RIGHT:5.4pt;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:windowtext 1pt solid;PADDING-TOP:0in" valign="top" width="173">
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN:center;MARGIN:3pt 0in" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif'"><font>5.000<u></u><u></u></font></span></p></td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:windowtext 1pt solid;BORDER-LEFT:windowtext 1pt solid;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:5.4pt;WIDTH:256.5pt;PADDING-RIGHT:5.4pt;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:windowtext 1pt solid;PADDING-TOP:0in" valign="top" width="428">
<p style="MARGIN:3pt 0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif'"><font>Base temperature for thermodynamic
calculations<u></u><u></u></font></span></p></td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:windowtext 1pt solid;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:5.4pt;WIDTH:103.5pt;PADDING-RIGHT:5.4pt;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:windowtext 1pt solid;PADDING-TOP:0in" valign="top" width="173">
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN:center;MARGIN:3pt 0in" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif'"><font>25 <sup>0</sup>C<u></u><u></u></font></span></p></td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:windowtext 1pt solid;BORDER-LEFT:windowtext 1pt solid;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:5.4pt;WIDTH:256.5pt;PADDING-RIGHT:5.4pt;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:windowtext 1pt solid;PADDING-TOP:0in" valign="top" width="428">
<p style="MARGIN:3pt 0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif'"><font>Temperature of inlet air streams<u></u><u></u></font></span></p></td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:windowtext 1pt solid;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:5.4pt;WIDTH:103.5pt;PADDING-RIGHT:5.4pt;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:windowtext 1pt solid;PADDING-TOP:0in" valign="top" width="173">
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN:center;MARGIN:3pt 0in" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif'"><font>25 <sup>0</sup>C<u></u><u></u></font></span></p></td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:windowtext 1pt solid;BORDER-LEFT:windowtext 1pt solid;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:5.4pt;WIDTH:256.5pt;PADDING-RIGHT:5.4pt;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:windowtext 1pt solid;PADDING-TOP:0in" valign="top" width="428">
<p style="MARGIN:3pt 0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif'"><font>Biomass feed internal preheat
temperature<u></u><u></u></font></span></p></td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:windowtext 1pt solid;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:5.4pt;WIDTH:103.5pt;PADDING-RIGHT:5.4pt;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:windowtext 1pt solid;PADDING-TOP:0in" valign="top" width="173">
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN:center;MARGIN:3pt 0in" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif'"><font>65.5 <sup>0</sup>C<u></u><u></u></font></span></p></td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:windowtext 1pt solid;BORDER-LEFT:windowtext 1pt solid;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:5.4pt;WIDTH:256.5pt;PADDING-RIGHT:5.4pt;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:windowtext 1pt solid;PADDING-TOP:0in" valign="top" width="428">
<p style="MARGIN:3pt 0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif'"><font>Combustion air internal preheat
temperature<u></u><u></u></font></span></p></td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:windowtext 1pt solid;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:5.4pt;WIDTH:103.5pt;PADDING-RIGHT:5.4pt;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:windowtext 1pt solid;PADDING-TOP:0in" valign="top" width="173">
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN:center;MARGIN:3pt 0in" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif'"><font>260 <sup>0</sup>C<u></u><u></u></font></span></p></td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:windowtext 1pt solid;BORDER-LEFT:windowtext 1pt solid;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:5.4pt;WIDTH:256.5pt;PADDING-RIGHT:5.4pt;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:windowtext 1pt solid;PADDING-TOP:0in" valign="top" width="428">
<p style="MARGIN:3pt 0in"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif'"><font>Bioheater total surface heat loss<u></u><u></u></font></span></p></td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:windowtext 1pt solid;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:5.4pt;WIDTH:103.5pt;PADDING-RIGHT:5.4pt;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:windowtext 1pt solid;PADDING-TOP:0in" valign="top" width="173">
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN:center;MARGIN:3pt 0in" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><font><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';layout-grid-mode:line">18,905
kJ/h</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif'"><u></u><u></u></span></font></p></td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:windowtext 1pt solid;BORDER-LEFT:windowtext 1pt solid;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:5.4pt;WIDTH:256.5pt;PADDING-RIGHT:5.4pt;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:windowtext 1pt solid;PADDING-TOP:0in" valign="top" width="428">
<p style="MARGIN:3pt 0in"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif'"><font>Flue Gas to Atmosphere temperature<u></u><u></u></font></span></p></td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:windowtext 1pt solid;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:5.4pt;WIDTH:103.5pt;PADDING-RIGHT:5.4pt;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:windowtext 1pt solid;PADDING-TOP:0in" valign="top" width="173">
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN:center;MARGIN:3pt 0in" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif'"><font>107.2 <sup>0</sup>C<u></u><u></u></font></span></p></td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:windowtext 1pt solid;BORDER-LEFT:windowtext 1pt solid;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:5.4pt;WIDTH:256.5pt;PADDING-RIGHT:5.4pt;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:windowtext 1pt solid;PADDING-TOP:0in" valign="top" width="428">
<p style="MARGIN:3pt 0in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif'"><font>Temperature of drying air to drying
process<u></u><u></u></font></span></p></td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:windowtext 1pt solid;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:5.4pt;WIDTH:103.5pt;PADDING-RIGHT:5.4pt;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:windowtext 1pt solid;PADDING-TOP:0in" valign="top" width="173">
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN:center;MARGIN:3pt 0in" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif'"><font>55 <sup>0</sup>C<u></u><u></u></font></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT:0.5in;MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif';FONT-SIZE:11pt"><font color="#000000"><span><font color="#0000ff" face="Palatino Linotype" size="3"></font></span></font></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT:0.5in;MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif';FONT-SIZE:11pt"><font color="#000000"><span><font color="#0000ff" face="Palatino Linotype" size="3"></font></span></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif';FONT-SIZE:11pt"><font color="#000000"><span></span>In the model, combustion air
(excess air above stoichiometric) is adjusted to achieve a minimum 3 % by volume
oxygen in the flue gas, simply as a general guideline for good combustion
practice.<span> </span>The results show that even with
65 wt% moisture in the coffee pulp feed, a Bioheater flue gas temperature of 979
<sup>0</sup>C can be achieved.<span> </span>Lower
moisture content feed will allow Bioheater operation at higher temperatures
and/or higher oxygen concentrations in the flue gas.<span> </span>The optimum temperature is that which provides
complete combustion of hydrocarbons in the flue gas.<span> </span>For a given biomass composition, biomass feed
rate, and air feed rate, preheating of feed and combustion air only affects the
combustion temperature, and has no effect on the available sensible heat in the
flue gas.<u></u><u></u></font></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT:0.5in;MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif';FONT-SIZE:11pt"><u></u><font color="#000000"></font><u></u></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT:0.5in;MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif';FONT-SIZE:11pt"><font color="#000000">The summary energy balance around the Bioheater only is shown in
Table 2.<u></u><u></u></font></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT:0.5in;MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif'"><u></u><font></font><u></u></span></p>
<div align="center"><span><font face="Palatino Linotype"></font></span></div>
<div align="center"><span><font face="Palatino Linotype"></font></span></div>
<div align="center">
<table style="BORDER-COLLAPSE:collapse" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr style="min-height:31.5pt">
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:#f0f0f0;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:1.5pt;WIDTH:340.1pt;PADDING-RIGHT:1.5pt;min-height:31.5pt;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-TOP:0in" colspan="7" valign="top" width="567">
<h2 style="TEXT-ALIGN:center;MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" align="center"><span style="FONT-SIZE:10pt"><font face="Arial">Table 2.<span> </span>Energy Balance Summary for the<span> </span>Cremasco
Bioheater<u></u><u></u></font></span></h2></td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:#f0f0f0;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:0in;PADDING-RIGHT:0in;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-TOP:0in" width="118">
<p style="MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font face="Arial"></font></p></td></tr>
<tr style="min-height:13.8pt">
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:#f0f0f0;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:0in;PADDING-RIGHT:0in;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-TOP:0in" width="2">
<p style="MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font face="Arial"></font></p></td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:#f0f0f0;BORDER-LEFT:windowtext 1.5pt solid;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:1.5pt;WIDTH:232.55pt;PADDING-RIGHT:1.5pt;min-height:13.8pt;BORDER-TOP:windowtext 1.5pt solid;BORDER-RIGHT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-TOP:0in" colspan="2" width="388">
<p style="MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';layout-grid-mode:line"><font>Energy Inputs<u></u><u></u></font></span></u></b></p></td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:#f0f0f0;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:1.5pt;WIDTH:4.5pt;PADDING-RIGHT:1.5pt;min-height:13.8pt;BORDER-TOP:windowtext 1.5pt solid;BORDER-RIGHT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-TOP:0in" width="8">
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN:center;MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';layout-grid-mode:line"><u></u><font></font><u></u></span></p></td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:#f0f0f0;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:1.5pt;WIDTH:102.05pt;PADDING-RIGHT:1.5pt;min-height:13.8pt;BORDER-TOP:windowtext 1.5pt solid;BORDER-RIGHT:windowtext 1.5pt solid;PADDING-TOP:0in" colspan="3" width="170">
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN:center;MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><b><u><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';layout-grid-mode:line"><font>kJ/h<u></u><u></u></font></span></u></b></p>
</td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:#f0f0f0;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:0in;PADDING-RIGHT:0in;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-TOP:0in" width="118">
<p style="MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font></font></p></td></tr>
<tr style="min-height:14.65pt">
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:#f0f0f0;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:0in;PADDING-RIGHT:0in;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-TOP:0in" colspan="2" width="119">
<p style="MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font></font></p></td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:#f0f0f0;BORDER-LEFT:windowtext 1.5pt solid;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:1.5pt;WIDTH:232.55pt;PADDING-RIGHT:1.5pt;min-height:14.65pt;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-TOP:0in" colspan="3" width="388">
<h4 style="MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt 0.25in"><font face="Arial">Biomass
Combustion Energy</font></h4></td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:#f0f0f0;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:1.5pt;WIDTH:4.5pt;PADDING-RIGHT:1.5pt;min-height:14.65pt;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-TOP:0in" width="8">
<p style="MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE:line"><u></u><font></font><u></u></span></p></td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:#f0f0f0;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:1.5pt;WIDTH:102.05pt;PADDING-RIGHT:1.5pt;min-height:14.65pt;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:windowtext 1.5pt solid;PADDING-TOP:0in" colspan="2" width="170">
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN:right;MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="right"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';layout-grid-mode:line"><font>567,107<u></u><u></u></font></span></p></td>
</tr>
<tr style="min-height:14.65pt">
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:#f0f0f0;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:0in;PADDING-RIGHT:0in;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-TOP:0in" colspan="2" width="119">
<p style="MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font></font></p></td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:#f0f0f0;BORDER-LEFT:windowtext 1.5pt solid;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:1.5pt;WIDTH:232.55pt;PADDING-RIGHT:1.5pt;min-height:14.65pt;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-TOP:0in" colspan="3" width="388">
<h4 style="MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt 0.25in"><font face="Arial">Air
Preheat</font></h4></td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:#f0f0f0;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:1.5pt;WIDTH:4.5pt;PADDING-RIGHT:1.5pt;min-height:14.65pt;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-TOP:0in" width="8">
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN:center;MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';layout-grid-mode:line"><u></u><font></font><u></u></span></p></td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:#f0f0f0;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:1.5pt;WIDTH:102.05pt;PADDING-RIGHT:1.5pt;min-height:14.65pt;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:windowtext 1.5pt solid;PADDING-TOP:0in" colspan="2" width="170">
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN:right;MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="right"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';layout-grid-mode:line"><font>61,639<u></u><u></u></font></span></p></td></tr>
<tr style="min-height:13.8pt">
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:#f0f0f0;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:0in;PADDING-RIGHT:0in;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-TOP:0in" colspan="2" width="119">
<p style="MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font></font></p></td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:#f0f0f0;BORDER-LEFT:windowtext 1.5pt solid;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:1.5pt;WIDTH:232.55pt;PADDING-RIGHT:1.5pt;min-height:13.8pt;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-TOP:0in" colspan="3" width="388">
<h4 style="MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt 0.25in"><font face="Arial">Feed
Preheat</font></h4></td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:#f0f0f0;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:1.5pt;WIDTH:4.5pt;PADDING-RIGHT:1.5pt;min-height:13.8pt;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-TOP:0in" width="8">
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN:center;MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';layout-grid-mode:line"><u></u><font></font><u></u></span></p></td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:windowtext 1pt solid;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:1.5pt;WIDTH:102.05pt;PADDING-RIGHT:1.5pt;min-height:13.8pt;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:windowtext 1.5pt solid;PADDING-TOP:0in" colspan="2" width="170">
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN:right;MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="right"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';layout-grid-mode:line"><font>12,903<u></u><u></u></font></span></p></td></tr>
<tr style="min-height:13.8pt">
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:#f0f0f0;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:0in;PADDING-RIGHT:0in;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-TOP:0in" colspan="2" width="119">
<p style="MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font></font></p></td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:#f0f0f0;BORDER-LEFT:windowtext 1.5pt solid;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:1.5pt;WIDTH:232.55pt;PADDING-RIGHT:1.5pt;min-height:13.8pt;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-TOP:0in" colspan="3" width="388">
<h4 style="MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt 0.25in"><font face="Arial">Total
Input</font></h4></td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:#f0f0f0;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:1.5pt;WIDTH:4.5pt;PADDING-RIGHT:1.5pt;min-height:13.8pt;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-TOP:0in" width="8">
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN:center;MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';layout-grid-mode:line"><u></u><font></font><u></u></span></p></td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:#f0f0f0;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:1.5pt;WIDTH:102.05pt;PADDING-RIGHT:1.5pt;min-height:13.8pt;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:windowtext 1.5pt solid;PADDING-TOP:0in" colspan="2" width="170">
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN:right;MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="right"><b><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';layout-grid-mode:line"><font>641,649<u></u><u></u></font></span></b></p>
</td></tr>
<tr style="min-height:13.8pt">
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:#f0f0f0;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:0in;PADDING-RIGHT:0in;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-TOP:0in" width="2">
<p style="MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font></font></p></td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:#f0f0f0;BORDER-LEFT:windowtext 1.5pt solid;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:1.5pt;WIDTH:232.55pt;PADDING-RIGHT:1.5pt;min-height:13.8pt;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-TOP:0in" colspan="2" width="388">
<p style="MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';layout-grid-mode:line"><u></u><font></font><u></u></span></b></p></td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:#f0f0f0;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:1.5pt;WIDTH:4.5pt;PADDING-RIGHT:1.5pt;min-height:13.8pt;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-TOP:0in" width="8">
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN:center;MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';layout-grid-mode:line"><u></u><font></font><u></u></span></p></td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:#f0f0f0;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:1.5pt;WIDTH:102.05pt;PADDING-RIGHT:1.5pt;min-height:13.8pt;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:windowtext 1.5pt solid;PADDING-TOP:0in" colspan="3" width="170">
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN:center;MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';layout-grid-mode:line"><u></u><font></font><u></u></span></p></td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:#f0f0f0;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:0in;PADDING-RIGHT:0in;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-TOP:0in" width="118">
<p style="MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font></font></p></td></tr>
<tr style="min-height:13.8pt">
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:#f0f0f0;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:0in;PADDING-RIGHT:0in;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-TOP:0in" width="2">
<p style="MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font></font></p></td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:#f0f0f0;BORDER-LEFT:windowtext 1.5pt solid;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:1.5pt;WIDTH:232.55pt;PADDING-RIGHT:1.5pt;min-height:13.8pt;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-TOP:0in" colspan="2" width="388">
<p style="MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';layout-grid-mode:line"><font>Energy Outputs<u></u><u></u></font></span></u></b></p></td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:#f0f0f0;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:1.5pt;WIDTH:4.5pt;PADDING-RIGHT:1.5pt;min-height:13.8pt;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-TOP:0in" width="8">
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN:center;MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';layout-grid-mode:line"><u></u><font></font><u></u></span></p></td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:#f0f0f0;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:1.5pt;WIDTH:102.05pt;PADDING-RIGHT:1.5pt;min-height:13.8pt;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:windowtext 1.5pt solid;PADDING-TOP:0in" colspan="3" width="170">
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN:center;MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><b><u><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';layout-grid-mode:line"><font>kJ/h<u></u><u></u></font></span></u></b></p>
</td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:#f0f0f0;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:0in;PADDING-RIGHT:0in;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-TOP:0in" width="118">
<p style="MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font></font></p></td></tr>
<tr style="min-height:13.8pt">
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:#f0f0f0;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:0in;PADDING-RIGHT:0in;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-TOP:0in" width="2">
<p style="MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font></font></p></td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:#f0f0f0;BORDER-LEFT:windowtext 1.5pt solid;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:1.5pt;WIDTH:232.55pt;PADDING-RIGHT:1.5pt;min-height:13.8pt;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-TOP:0in" colspan="2" width="388">
<h4 style="MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt 0.25in"><font face="Arial">Latent Heat
of Vaporization of H2O</font></h4></td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:#f0f0f0;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:1.5pt;WIDTH:4.5pt;PADDING-RIGHT:1.5pt;min-height:13.8pt;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-TOP:0in" width="8">
<p style="MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE:line"><u></u><font></font><u></u></span></p></td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:#f0f0f0;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:1.5pt;WIDTH:102.05pt;PADDING-RIGHT:1.5pt;min-height:13.8pt;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:windowtext 1.5pt solid;PADDING-TOP:0in" colspan="3" width="170">
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN:right;MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="right"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';layout-grid-mode:line"><font>158,811<u></u><u></u></font></span></p></td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:#f0f0f0;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:0in;PADDING-RIGHT:0in;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-TOP:0in" width="118">
<p style="MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font></font></p></td></tr>
<tr style="min-height:13.8pt">
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:#f0f0f0;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:0in;PADDING-RIGHT:0in;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-TOP:0in" width="2">
<p style="MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font></font></p></td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:#f0f0f0;BORDER-LEFT:windowtext 1.5pt solid;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:1.5pt;WIDTH:232.55pt;PADDING-RIGHT:1.5pt;min-height:13.8pt;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-TOP:0in" colspan="2" width="388">
<h4 style="MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt 0.25in"><font face="Arial">Surface
Heat Loss</font></h4></td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:#f0f0f0;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:1.5pt;WIDTH:4.5pt;PADDING-RIGHT:1.5pt;min-height:13.8pt;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-TOP:0in" width="8">
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN:center;MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';layout-grid-mode:line"><u></u><font></font><u></u></span></p></td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:#f0f0f0;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:1.5pt;WIDTH:102.05pt;PADDING-RIGHT:1.5pt;min-height:13.8pt;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:windowtext 1.5pt solid;PADDING-TOP:0in" colspan="3" width="170">
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN:right;MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="right"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';layout-grid-mode:line"><font>18,905<u></u><u></u></font></span></p></td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:#f0f0f0;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:0in;PADDING-RIGHT:0in;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-TOP:0in" width="118">
<p style="MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font></font></p></td></tr>
<tr style="min-height:13.8pt">
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:#f0f0f0;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:0in;PADDING-RIGHT:0in;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-TOP:0in" width="2">
<p style="MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font></font></p></td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:#f0f0f0;BORDER-LEFT:windowtext 1.5pt solid;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:1.5pt;WIDTH:232.55pt;PADDING-RIGHT:1.5pt;min-height:13.8pt;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-TOP:0in" colspan="2" width="388">
<h4 style="MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt 0.25in"><font face="Arial">Flue Gas
Sensible Heat</font></h4></td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:#f0f0f0;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:1.5pt;WIDTH:4.5pt;PADDING-RIGHT:1.5pt;min-height:13.8pt;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-TOP:0in" width="8">
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN:center;MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';layout-grid-mode:line"><u></u><font></font><u></u></span></p></td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:#f0f0f0;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:1.5pt;WIDTH:102.05pt;PADDING-RIGHT:1.5pt;min-height:13.8pt;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:windowtext 1.5pt solid;PADDING-TOP:0in" colspan="3" width="170">
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN:right;MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="right"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';layout-grid-mode:line"><font>462,470<u></u><u></u></font></span></p></td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:#f0f0f0;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:0in;PADDING-RIGHT:0in;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-TOP:0in" width="118">
<p style="MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font></font></p></td></tr>
<tr style="min-height:5.85pt">
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:#f0f0f0;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:0in;PADDING-RIGHT:0in;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-TOP:0in" width="2">
<p style="MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font></font></p></td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:#f0f0f0;BORDER-LEFT:windowtext 1.5pt solid;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:1.5pt;WIDTH:232.55pt;PADDING-RIGHT:1.5pt;min-height:5.85pt;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-TOP:0in" colspan="2" width="388">
<h4 style="MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt 0.25in"><font face="Arial">Ash
Sensible Heat</font></h4></td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:#f0f0f0;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:1.5pt;WIDTH:4.5pt;PADDING-RIGHT:1.5pt;min-height:5.85pt;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-TOP:0in" width="8">
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN:right;MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="right"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';layout-grid-mode:line"><u></u><font></font><u></u></span></p></td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:windowtext 1pt solid;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:1.5pt;WIDTH:102.05pt;PADDING-RIGHT:1.5pt;min-height:5.85pt;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:windowtext 1.5pt solid;PADDING-TOP:0in" colspan="3" width="170">
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN:right;MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="right"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';layout-grid-mode:line"><font>1,398<u></u><u></u></font></span></p></td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:#f0f0f0;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:0in;PADDING-RIGHT:0in;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-TOP:0in" width="118">
<p style="MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font></font></p></td></tr>
<tr style="min-height:13.8pt">
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:#f0f0f0;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:0in;PADDING-RIGHT:0in;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-TOP:0in" width="2">
<p style="MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font></font></p></td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:#f0f0f0;BORDER-LEFT:windowtext 1.5pt solid;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:1.5pt;WIDTH:232.55pt;PADDING-RIGHT:1.5pt;min-height:13.8pt;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-TOP:0in" colspan="2" width="388">
<h4 style="MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt 0.25in"><font face="Arial">Total
Output</font></h4></td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:#f0f0f0;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:1.5pt;WIDTH:4.5pt;PADDING-RIGHT:1.5pt;min-height:13.8pt;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-TOP:0in" width="8">
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN:center;MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';layout-grid-mode:line"><u></u><font></font><u></u></span></p></td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:#f0f0f0;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:1.5pt;WIDTH:102.05pt;PADDING-RIGHT:1.5pt;min-height:13.8pt;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:windowtext 1.5pt solid;PADDING-TOP:0in" colspan="3" width="170">
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN:right;MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="right"><b><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';layout-grid-mode:line"><font>641,584<u></u><u></u></font></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:#f0f0f0;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:0in;PADDING-RIGHT:0in;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-TOP:0in" width="118">
<p style="MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font></font></p></td></tr>
<tr style="min-height:13.8pt">
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:#f0f0f0;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:0in;PADDING-RIGHT:0in;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-TOP:0in" width="2">
<p style="MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font></font></p></td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:#f0f0f0;BORDER-LEFT:windowtext 1.5pt solid;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:1.5pt;WIDTH:232.55pt;PADDING-RIGHT:1.5pt;min-height:13.8pt;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-TOP:0in" colspan="2" valign="top" width="388">
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN:center;MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';layout-grid-mode:line"><u></u><font></font><u></u></span></p></td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:#f0f0f0;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:1.5pt;WIDTH:4.5pt;PADDING-RIGHT:1.5pt;min-height:13.8pt;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-TOP:0in" valign="top" width="8">
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN:center;MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';layout-grid-mode:line"><u></u><font></font><u></u></span></p></td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:#f0f0f0;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:1.5pt;WIDTH:102.05pt;PADDING-RIGHT:1.5pt;min-height:13.8pt;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:windowtext 1.5pt solid;PADDING-TOP:0in" colspan="3" valign="top" width="170">
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN:center;MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';layout-grid-mode:line"><u></u><font></font><u></u></span></p></td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:#f0f0f0;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:0in;PADDING-RIGHT:0in;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-TOP:0in" width="118">
<p style="MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font></font></p></td></tr>
<tr style="min-height:14.65pt">
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:#f0f0f0;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:0in;PADDING-RIGHT:0in;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-TOP:0in" width="2">
<p style="MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font></font></p></td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:windowtext 1.5pt solid;BORDER-LEFT:windowtext 1.5pt solid;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:1.5pt;WIDTH:232.55pt;PADDING-RIGHT:1.5pt;min-height:14.65pt;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-TOP:0in" colspan="2" valign="top" width="388">
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN:right;MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="right"><b><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';layout-grid-mode:line"><font>Energy Balance Closure<span>
</span>=<u></u><u></u></font></span></b></p></td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:windowtext 1.5pt solid;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:1.5pt;WIDTH:4.5pt;PADDING-RIGHT:1.5pt;min-height:14.65pt;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-TOP:0in" valign="top" width="8">
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN:right;MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="right"><b><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';layout-grid-mode:line"><u></u><font></font><u></u></span></b></p></td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:windowtext 1.5pt solid;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:1.5pt;WIDTH:102.05pt;PADDING-RIGHT:1.5pt;min-height:14.65pt;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:windowtext 1.5pt solid;PADDING-TOP:0in" colspan="3" valign="top" width="170">
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN:right;MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="right"><b><span style="font-family:'Arial','sans-serif';layout-grid-mode:line"><font>99.9899%<u></u><u></u></font></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:#f0f0f0;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;PADDING-LEFT:0in;PADDING-RIGHT:0in;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:#f0f0f0;PADDING-TOP:0in" width="118">
<p style="MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font color="#0000ff" face="Palatino Linotype"></font></p></td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:#f0f0f0;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:#f0f0f0" width="2"><font></font></td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:#f0f0f0;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:#f0f0f0" width="118"><font></font></td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:#f0f0f0;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:#f0f0f0" width="270"><font></font></td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:#f0f0f0;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:#f0f0f0" width="8"><font></font></td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:#f0f0f0;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:#f0f0f0" width="110"><font></font></td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:#f0f0f0;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:#f0f0f0" width="8"><font></font></td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:#f0f0f0;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:#f0f0f0" width="53"><font></font></td>
<td style="BORDER-BOTTOM:#f0f0f0;BORDER-LEFT:#f0f0f0;BACKGROUND-COLOR:transparent;BORDER-TOP:#f0f0f0;BORDER-RIGHT:#f0f0f0" width="118"><font></font></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT:0.5in;MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif'"><u></u><font></font><u></u></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT:0.5in;MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif';FONT-SIZE:11pt"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT:0.5in;MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif';FONT-SIZE:11pt"><font color="#000000"><span><font color="#0000ff" face="Palatino Linotype" size="3"></font></span></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif';FONT-SIZE:11pt"><font color="#000000"><span><font color="#0000ff" face="Palatino Linotype" size="3"></font></span></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif';FONT-SIZE:11pt"><font color="#000000">Fig. 1 and Table 3 provide a Flow Diagram and corresponding Mass
and Energy Balance for the Cremasco Bioheater.<span>
</span>In the diagram (Fig. 1), the Bioheater internal heat transfer pathways
are shown schematically as brown lines and are not intended to reflect the
actual physical arrangement of the Bioheater.</font><font color="#0000ff"><font face="Palatino Linotype"><font size="3"><span>
</span></font></font></font></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT:0.5in;MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif';FONT-SIZE:11pt"><font color="#0000ff"><font face="Palatino Linotype"><font size="3"><span></span><u></u><u></u></font></font></font></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT:0.5in;MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif';FONT-SIZE:11pt"><u></u><font color="#000000" face="Arial"></font><u></u></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE:11pt"><font face="Arial"><font color="#000000">Direct transfer of heat from the flue gas to drying air using a
flue gas heat exchanger is assumed in this example.<span> </span>Results show that more than enough heat is
available in the flue gas from the combustion of coffee pulp to dry green coffee
beans from the pulping operation.<span> </span>Based
on literature surveys, it appears that for optimum air drying of a batch of
green coffee beans (from 55% moisture to 10% moisture), the operation should
take about 32 hours with a heated<span><font color="#0000ff" face="Palatino Linotype" size="3"> </font></span>air stream
temperature of 55 <sup>0</sup>C. Approximately 1.5 kg of wet green coffee beans
are produced per kg of wet coffee pulp, so the wet green bean production rate
would be 150 kg/h.<span> </span>The starting green
bean batch size would be (32 h)(150 kg/h) = 4,800 kg batch.<span> </span>To dry the wet green beans from 55% to10%
moisture, 74.98 kg/h H<sub>2</sub>O must be evaporated.<span> </span>The total heat required for the drying would
be approximately 197,813 kJ/h.</font><font color="#0000ff"><font face="Palatino Linotype"><font size="3"><span>
</span></font></font></font></font></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE:11pt"><font face="Arial"><font color="#0000ff"><font face="Palatino Linotype"><font size="3"><span></span><u></u><u></u></font></font></font></font></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE:11pt"><u></u><font color="#000000" face="Arial"></font><u></u></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE:11pt"><font face="Arial"><font color="#000000">In this example, the Cremasco Bioheater processing 100 kg/h of
coffee pulp containing 65 wt% moisture will produce flue gas with a gross
sensible heat content of 387,928 kJ/h.<span> </span>If
it is assumed that the temperature of the flue gas discharged to the atmosphere
is 107 <sup>0</sup>C as in this example, the net sensible heat available for
heating air for drying is 352,330 kJ/h.<span>
</span>Therefore, almost twice as much heat is available from processing coffee
pulp as required to dry the wet green coffee beans.<span> </span>The surplus heat (154,517 kJ/h) could be used
to dry larger batches of coffee beans or for space heating or hot water
heating.</font><font color="#0000ff"><font face="Palatino Linotype"><font size="3"><span>
</span></font></font></font></font></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE:11pt"><font face="Arial"><font color="#0000ff"><font face="Palatino Linotype"><font color="#000000" face="Arial" size="3"><span></span></font></font></font></font></span> </p>
<p style="MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE:11pt"><font face="Arial"><font color="#0000ff"><font face="Palatino Linotype"><font size="3"><span></span><u></u><u></u></font></font></font></font></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN:center;MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif'"><u></u><font></font><u></u></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif'"><u></u><font></font><u></u></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN:center;MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif'"><u></u><font face="Palatino Linotype" size="3"></font><u></u></span></p></div>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN:center;MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><u></u><font></font><u></u></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN:center;MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><font><img src="cid:315102101@11022012-2D4A" height="554" width="863"><br clear="all"></font><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif';FONT-SIZE:12pt"><font color="#000000"><b>Table 3.<span> </span>Mass and
Energy Balance Summary for the Cremasco Bioheater (Coffee Pulp
Processing)</b></font><font color="#0000ff"><font face="Palatino Linotype"><span>
</span></font></font></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN:center;MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:'Arial','sans-serif';FONT-SIZE:12pt"><font color="#0000ff"><font face="Palatino Linotype"><span></span><u></u><u></u></font></font></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN:center;MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><u></u><font></font><u></u></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN:center;MARGIN:0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="center"><font><img src="cid:315102101@11022012-2D51" height="277" width="864"></font></p></span></div></span></font></div></div><br>
<div dir="ltr" lang="en-us" align="left">
<hr>
<font face="Tahoma"><b>From:</b> <a href="mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>
[mailto:<a href="mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Paul
Olivier<br><b>Sent:</b> Saturday, February 11, 2012 5:18 AM<br><b>To:</b>
Discussion of biomass cooking stoves<br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [Stoves] Coffee
Pulp/Cherry<br></font><br></div>
<div></div>
<div>One of the best ways to manage wet coffee pulp waste is to ferment
it.<br>See: <a href="http://esrla.com/pdf/landfill_07.pdf" target="_blank">http://esrla.com/pdf/landfill_07.pdf</a><br>The
fermented coffee pulp is then fed to pigs.<br>The feces of the pig is fed to BSF
larvae,<br>and the residue of the larvae is fed to red worms.<br><br>One of the
best ways to manage dry coffee husk waste is to gasify it:<br><a href="http://esrla.com/pdf/landfill_06.pdf" target="_blank">http://esrla.com/pdf/landfill_06.pdf</a><br>To
prevent agglomeration of the biochar and to enhance gasification,<br>it is best
to gasifiy the coffee husk together with some rice hulls.<br>I mix them 50%/50%
by volume.<br>Simply burning coffee husks is really a bad solution,<br>since it
gives rise to a lot of truly awful black smoke.<br><br>Thanks.<br>Paul
Olivier<br>Paul A. Olivier PhD<span><font color="#0000ff" face="Palatino Linotype"> </font></span></div>
<div>27C Pham Hong Thai Street<br>Dalat<br>Vietnam<br>Louisiana telephone:
1-337-447-4124 (rings Vietnam)<br>Mobile: 090-694-1573 (in Vietnam)<br>Skype
address: Xpolivier<br><a href="http://www.esrla.com/" target="_blank">http://www.esrla.com/</a><br></div>
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<br></blockquote></div><br><br clear="all"><br>-- <br>Paul A. Olivier PhD<br>27C Pham Hong Thai Street<br>Dalat<br>Vietnam<br><br>Louisiana telephone: 1-337-447-4124 (rings Vietnam)<br>Mobile: 090-694-1573 (in Vietnam)<br>
Skype address: Xpolivier<br><a href="http://www.esrla.com/" target="_blank">http://www.esrla.com/</a><br>