<html xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:m="http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><head><meta http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; charset=us-ascii"><meta name=Generator content="Microsoft Word 14 (filtered medium)"><base href="x-msg://55/"><style><!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:Cambria;
panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:Calibri;
panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:Tahoma;
panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:Consolas;
panose-1:2 11 6 9 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
{mso-style-priority:99;
color:blue;
text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
{mso-style-priority:99;
color:purple;
text-decoration:underline;}
p.MsoPlainText, li.MsoPlainText, div.MsoPlainText
{mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-link:"Plain Text Char";
margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
font-size:10.5pt;
font-family:Consolas;}
p
{mso-style-priority:99;
mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
margin-right:0in;
mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:0in;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";}
p.MsoNoSpacing, li.MsoNoSpacing, div.MsoNoSpacing
{mso-style-priority:1;
margin-top:5.0pt;
margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:5.0pt;
margin-left:0in;
mso-add-space:auto;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D;}
p.MsoNoSpacingCxSpFirst, li.MsoNoSpacingCxSpFirst, div.MsoNoSpacingCxSpFirst
{mso-style-priority:1;
mso-style-type:export-only;
margin-top:5.0pt;
margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-add-space:auto;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D;}
p.MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle, li.MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle, div.MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle
{mso-style-priority:1;
mso-style-type:export-only;
margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-add-space:auto;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D;}
p.MsoNoSpacingCxSpLast, li.MsoNoSpacingCxSpLast, div.MsoNoSpacingCxSpLast
{mso-style-priority:1;
mso-style-type:export-only;
margin-top:0in;
margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:5.0pt;
margin-left:0in;
mso-add-space:auto;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D;}
span.PlainTextChar
{mso-style-name:"Plain Text Char";
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-link:"Plain Text";
font-family:Consolas;}
p.Default, li.Default, div.Default
{mso-style-name:Default;
mso-style-priority:99;
margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
text-autospace:none;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:black;}
span.apple-style-span
{mso-style-name:apple-style-span;}
span.EmailStyle23
{mso-style-type:personal;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle24
{mso-style-type:personal-reply;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D;}
.MsoChpDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
font-size:10.0pt;}
@page WordSection1
{size:8.5in 11.0in;
margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in;}
div.WordSection1
{page:WordSection1;}
--></style><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapedefaults v:ext="edit" spidmax="1026" />
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapelayout v:ext="edit">
<o:idmap v:ext="edit" data="1" />
</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Mark,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=Default><span style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'>During your work in Mali did you see efforts by Chris Reij and the Africa Regreening Initiative (ARI)? <a href="http://africa-regreening.blogspot.com/">http://africa-regreening.blogspot.com/</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=Default><span style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=Default><span style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'>We understand that over the last 40 years work by</span> <span style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'>Tony Rinaudo, (World Vision, Australia)</span><b><span style='font-size:11.0pt'> </span></b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'>and Reij to develop Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration (FMNR) has been successful in parts of Mali and neighboring countries in the Sahel. You may have met Mary Allen Ballo of Sahel Eco <a href="http://www.saheleco.net/about/who.htm">http://www.saheleco.net/about/who.htm</a> and ARI.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=Default><span style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'>See:</span><b><span style='font-size:40.0pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif"'> </span></b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'>Against the Odds: Reversing desertification in Arid and Semi-Arid lands <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=Default><span style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dm_qlyvdZ_A">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dm_qlyvdZ_A</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=Default><span style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'><a href="http://permaculture.org.au/2011/10/03/tony-rinaudo-against-the-odds-reversing-desertification-in-arid-and-semi-arid-lands-ipc-presentation-video/">http://permaculture.org.au/2011/10/03/tony-rinaudo-against-the-odds-reversing-desertification-in-arid-and-semi-arid-lands-ipc-presentation-video/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=Default><span style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=Default><span style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'>These locally managed agroforestry techniques improve agriculture and fuel supply. I wonder how much impact these agroforestry strategies could have on energy use in a village like yours. This relates to Crispin’s question about sustained yield per ha. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=Default><span style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=Default><span style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'>Tom <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org [mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Crispin Pemberton-Pigott<br><b>Sent:</b> Saturday, June 02, 2012 8:51 AM<br><b>To:</b> 'Discussion of biomass cooking stoves'<br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [Stoves] Energy supply and use in a rural West African village<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-CA style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Dear Mark<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-CA style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-CA style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Yeah that is about 1 kg per person per day – quite efficient compared with Zimbabwe or Angola.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-CA style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-CA style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>My next questions was about the area from which that wood is collected. Is there a known sustained yield per ha that gives a ‘farmable’ area for wood fuel? I am given to understand (from multiple sources) that the Sahel is (net) being de-forested. But on the other hand, the Sahel is expanding northward into the Sahara and no one is talking about it so it could be observer bias like that old story about ‘the southward march of the Sahel’.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-CA style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-CA style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>There is a group I believe east of your working area that has a traditional lifestyle of semi-permanent-ism whereby they move the village about every 40 years. When they do, the establish all the trees they need – food and fuel – then live there until it is overgrown and move to new grasslands. The result is an expanding forest. I read a criticism of their lifestyle that ‘wrecked the grassland with new forests’. Because forests create more forest, and deforestation creates droughts, I wondered how the fuel wood supply was managed in your study area.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-CA style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-CA style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Thanks<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-CA style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Crispin<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-CA style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-CA style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-CA>Crispin<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-CA><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-CA>Yes (and I think it is closer to 290 tons) - if you look at Figure 1 you'll see that this is low for Africa (although not the lowest) based on more approximately 40 other reports and in the band for reported values for Mali. Given that Mali is one of the poorest countries in Africa this would be expected. We have second paper currently in review that provides much more detail on the stoves use and on the fuels used.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-CA><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-CA>Mark<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-CA><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div></div></body></html>