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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body bgcolor=white lang=EN-CA link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Dear David<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>The current cost of a cheap charcoal stove in Lusaka is $1.50 and the most money people can save for a new stove is about $2.50. After accumulating that much, it starts leaking out of the pocket.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>It is good to see some realistic numbers on what people really can afford to pay for a product. Stove programmes with subsidies are expensive to monitor if abuse is to be avoided and in some countries, nearly impossible to guarantee. For this reason the funding of development and creating capacity is seen as a better mechanism than subsidising products. Paying for marketing to launch is a good way to ‘invest’ in a new stove that is cheap. There was a publicity campaign mounted in Ulaanbaatar to teach people how to light, run and particularly, to refuel the stove being rolled out by MCA/MCC which is a TLUD coal stove. It costs $1m just for that publicity and it was very effective at changing traditional behaviour. It was money well spent as the stove, correctly operated, can reduce PM emissions more than 98%.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Regards<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Crispin<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div></div></body></html>