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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoPlainText>I lived in a tropical country and had an employer-provided fridge and freezer but no electricity for about six months. (I did store food supplies in both, as they kept insects out of the cornflakes etc.) Since I was working as well as my husband, I got into the habit of buying meat in the market on the way home from work and making a meat and vegetable dish that would be enough for two meals (usually a kind of stew because the meat from the market was pretty tough). We would take out what we wanted for our supper and then I would boil up the rest of it up again, leaving the lid on the pot and letting it sit 24 hours before we reheated and consumed the second half. The idea that food kept at room temperature will go bad quickly is widely believed by people who have never had the experience of coping with lack of refrigeration, but it can be done safely even when the temperatures are in the 80s overnight.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>I believe many people living in the tropics cook enough rice or sweet potatoes or cassava for the evening meal so there will be left-overs for a cold breakfast. They would likely welcome a small device that would offer a quick way to reheat the food so breakfast could be warm. However, in the poorest communities there may not be alcohol for sale for fuel, and a single burner kerosene stove and the fuel may be beyond their means. <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>I know that in some communities in a country where I spent about three months, some husbands spend their evenings drinking with their male friends. When they go home, drunk, and find their supper cold, they may abuse the wife physically as well as verbally. A CHEAP alcohol stove would be a great help for those wives (IF alcohol for fuel were available). There is another <i>appropriate technology</i> alternative (not my idea): use a "hay box" or "basket" to keep the cooked food warm. Make a storage container (wooden box or woven basket or even a carton) with the sides and bottom consisting of walls insulated with thick pads or bags of straw or dry grass. Put a pot of hot food into the central space and cover it with another insulating bag of straw or grass. That kind of hay box can keep a hot pot of food warm for hours. But I must say that I never saw any women actually using one. <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>Joyce Lockard<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>rj.lockard@frontier.com<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>-----Original Message-----<br>From: Christina Espinosa [mailto:c_espinosa1@u.pacific.edu] <br>Sent: Saturday, October 20, 2012 12:59 PM<br>To: Discussion of biomass cooking stoves<br>Subject: Re: [Stoves] Very small stoves and reheating food</p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>Reheating food is very common in Guatemala. Familes always have something that needs a short cooking time (coffee, reheating tortillas, eggs, or generally reheating food). Many families that even have a fridge leave food out and reheat it the next couple of days such as refried beans, etc. <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>I have lived in Guatemala the last two years.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>Christina Espinosa<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>Sent from my iPad<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>On Oct 19, 2012, at 10:38 PM, Paul Anderson <<a href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>psanders@ilstu.edu</span></a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>> Stovers,<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>> The need for very small stoves has at least three justifications. And both relate to small fire for small cooking tasks.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>> 1. In the developing societies, are there examples of people who re-heat left-over food? I know of none. The situation relates to the lack of ways to safely save cooked food until later meals. Refrigerators are generally not available. But maybe in cold climates, some people can save food for several hours or even for a day.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>> 2. In developing societies, what are the SMALL (and short duration) cooking tasks? We seldom mention a one or two person household. Many "singles" and elderly live with their family members, so maybe there simply not many small households. And maybe the foods lend themselves to being cooked in large-ish pots. AND the people eat all that is prepared. OR worse, any excess food gets thrown to the dogs, pigs, chickens, etc.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>> 3. In affluent societies, re-heating left-overs and/or single or two-person households are common, so small cooking with biomass could be useful.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>> Who can cite examples of SMALL cooking? Especially for developing societies. How about :<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>> a. a quick couple of cooked eggs<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>> b. hot water for tea or coffee for a few people c. preparing special <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>> food for babies d. the need to re-heat the food when someone arrives <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>> well after mealtime<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>> e. other>>>>>>>>>> please give examples<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>> Note: The above relates to the current practices of cooking, which include the following for developing societies:<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>> A). If a family has a small smoldering fire for many many hours (wasting fuel while making smoke), there already is a "small fire", but not a very good one.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>> B). If the family is so poor (or without access to fuels), they simply cannot have a fire except once a day because they do not have a stove that makes a good small fire.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>> C). Other practices....... please give examples.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>> *************** So, why am I asking?? **********<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>> Because of my recent interest in Boy Scout individual cooking AND because at my house we do re-heat leaf-overs for just my wife and I, I am seeing some valid reasons to have some very small stoves. For example, tonight I used a special small TLUD natural draft stove to re-heat some lentils (almost a soup). I used 130 grams of wood (pellets, but wood chips would have done the job) to heat a small (5 inch diameter) pot for 10 minutes, and still had 12 more minutes of fire. So I will try soon to do a similar task with 65 grams of fuel.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>> TLUD micro-gasifiers are especially well suited for these small cooking tasks.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>> 1)) They can be started quite quickly, so there is no delay waiting for the fire to build.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>> 2)) They can almost self-extinguish, with reduction down to only a small amount of glowing charcoal. (20% of 130 g is only 26 g of char that is not a major loss if left to burn to ash, but I actually saved it. And I hope to use only half the fuel (and char) next time.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>> 3)) By the way, my little TLUD is essentially "tincanium" and could be easily made wherever tin cans are found (including in Haiti where Food-Aid cooking oil comes in tins appropriate for the outer cylinder of the small TLUD.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>> Any comments will be appreciated.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>> Paul<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>> --<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>> Paul S. Anderson, PhD aka "Dr TLUD"<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>> Email: <a href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>psanders@ilstu.edu</span></a> Skype: paultlud Phone: +1-309-452-7072<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>> Website: <a href="http://www.drtlud.com"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>www.drtlud.com</span></a><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>> _______________________________________________<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>> Stoves mailing list<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>> to Send a Message to the list, use the email address <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>> <a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</span></a><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>> to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>> <a href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenerg"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenerg</span></a><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>> ylists.org<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>> for more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see our web site:<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>> <a href="http://www.bioenergylists.org/"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>http://www.bioenergylists.org/</span></a><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p></div></body></html>