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<div class="moz-cite-prefix">To the List Serv readers, I am
forwarding the comments from Dr. Hugh McLaughlin, Professional
Engineer (Chemical), who is not subscribed to the lists for
posting messages.<br>
<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">Paul S. Anderson, PhD aka "Dr TLUD"
Email: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu">psanders@ilstu.edu</a> Skype: paultlud Phone: +1-309-452-7072
Website: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="http://www.drtlud.com">www.drtlud.com</a></pre>
On 11/4/2012 8:17 PM, Hugh McLaughlin wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote
cite="mid:1352081877.83739.YahooMailClassic@web84511.mail.ne1.yahoo.com"
type="cite">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="font: inherit;" valign="top">Gentlemen,<br>
<br>
Calculations such as these are called "First Law"
calculations because they assume all heat is recoverable
and a joule is a joule. Unfortunately, the second law says
"You can't win, you can only break even and you have to
play" and this is where the battle is won or lost.<br>
<br>
At issue is the fact that air is used for the combustion
in a TLUD - and that air merges with the combustion gases,
and they both leave at an elevated temperature - and that
heat loss dictates the overall efficiency of the device.
Heat moves out of a TLUD via the heated vapors, and the
unrecoverable heat in those flue gases dominate the
thermal balance, in addition to the direct gross losses to
the atmosphere of heating adjacent air and the specific
heat of the stove.<br>
<br>
A reasonable rule of thumb is 1 standard cubic foot of air
has enough oxygen to release 100 Btu of heat )don't know
what that is in SI, but it is a lot harder to remember
...). The on assumes a mean temperature for the exiting
flue gases, some unknown amount of excess air for
combustion, and a relative humidity for the combustion air
- and one can start to aspire to get that one significant
figure that Ron referenced.<br>
<br>
Good luck,<br>
<br>
- Hugh<br>
<br>
PS: Remember, the hard part of perpetual motion machines
is not getting them to run - it is getting them to
subsequently stop ......<br>
<br>
--- On <b>Sun, 11/4/12, <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:rongretlarson@comcast.net">rongretlarson@comcast.net</a> <i><a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:rongretlarson@comcast.net"><rongretlarson@comcast.net></a></i></b>
wrote:<br>
<blockquote style="border-left: 2px solid rgb(16, 16,
255); margin-left: 5px; padding-left: 5px;"><br>
From: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:rongretlarson@comcast.net">rongretlarson@comcast.net</a>
<a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:rongretlarson@comcast.net"><rongretlarson@comcast.net></a><br>
Subject: Re: [biochar] Heat from combustion of TLUD
gases with char remaining<br>
To: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:biochar@yahoogroups.com">biochar@yahoogroups.com</a>, "Discussion of biomass
cooking stoves" <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org"><stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org></a><br>
Cc: "Crispin Pemberton-Pigott"
<a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:crispinpigott@gmail.com"><crispinpigott@gmail.com></a>, "Hugh McLaughlin"
<a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:wastemin1@verizon.net"><wastemin1@verizon.net></a>, "Doc Anderson"
<a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu"><psanders@ilstu.edu></a><br>
Date: Sunday, November 4, 2012, 5:10 PM<br>
<br>
<div id="yiv1333313457">
<style type="text/css">#yiv1333313457 p {margin:0;}</style>
<div>
<div
style="font-family:Arial;font-size:12pt;color:#000000;">Two
lists, Paul, Crispin, Hugh<br>
<br>
Below is one way to answer Paul's question more
fully on the energy content of the pyrolysis gas
stream. <br>
<br>
To Crispin's example, I add two more important
(measurable) variables: X, the char yield
(%w/w), and MC, the moisture content (%)<br>
<br>
Paul is being generous in urging use of no more
than two significant figures. We may be lucky to
get one with confidence. As Tom Miles has just
pointed out, the energy content of the char can
vary a lot - especially if there is a lot of ash
content (which depends on the species as well as
the max pyrolysis temperature. But you see 30
MJ/kg a lot for low ash material - and that is
assumed here.<br>
<br>
Rather than using moisture content MC as a
useful variable, in order to see the trends most
easily, I assume unit increments in the initial
(now moist) biomass fuel input energy content (Y
in MJ/kg), starting with 18 MJ/kg for bone dry
material. It would have been just as easy to vary
moisture content by 5% or so for each row - but
then it would be harder to see the smooth
variations that exist when you start with the
"nice" numbers 30 and 18 MJ/kg.. <br>
<br>
The basic equation for the upper matrix entries
is Z1= Y - 30 * X(%); That for the lower char
energy entries is Z2 = 30 * X(%). This last is
(perhaps surprising until you think about it)
independent of the input moisture content.<br>
<br>
Obviously, the energy difference from the
initial 18 MJ/kg for various moisture contents
comes from the moisture in wet fuel not providing
any energy. <br>
<br>
I have not shown entries in the upper left and
lower right - as they are not realistic. Since we
mostly/often don't know either the moisture
content or the yield very accurately, this below
is only to help one get in the right ballpark. <br>
<br>
For sure, we should not use any single
constant number for all fuels and pyrolysis
processes for the energy content in the pyrolysis
gases coming from one kg of fuel. I show in bold
below, in the middle of the upper matrix, gas
energy densities that are probably often seen.
Repeating, for emphasis: these are values for an
initial 1 kg of (generally not dry, and not much
ash content) fuel with two major simplifying (but
pretty accurate) assumptions of 18 and 30 MJ/kg
for the fuel and char - and both are assumed bone
dry.<br>
<br>
Ron<br>
<br>
<br>
<table border="0" cellspacing="0">
<colgroup><col width="86"><col width="85"><col
width="60"><col width="65"><col width="58"><col
width="57"><col width="59"></colgroup> <tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
colspan="7" align="CENTER" width="468"
height="34"><b>Matrix of Pyrolysis Gas
Energy (MJ/kg wet biomass) for six
possible moisture (%, in rows) and five
possible char yields (%, in columns)</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-left:1px solid #000000;"
align="LEFT" height="17"><br>
</td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER"><b><br>
</b></td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
colspan="5" align="CENTER"><b>Char yield
(%W); char energy of 30MJ/kg</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER" height="39"><b>Moisture %</b></td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER" valign="BOTTOM"><b>Fuel
Energy MJ/kg</b></td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER" valign="TOP"><b>15%</b></td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER" valign="TOP"><b>20%</b></td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER" valign="TOP"><b>25%</b></td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER" valign="TOP"><b>30%</b></td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER" valign="TOP"><b>35%</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER" height="17"><b>0.0%</b></td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER"><b>18</b></td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER"> <br>
</td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER"> <br>
</td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER">10.5</td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER">9</td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER">7.5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER" height="17"><b>5.6%</b></td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER"><b>17</b></td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER"> <br>
</td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER">11</td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER">9.5</td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER">8</td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER">6.5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER" height="17"><b>11.1%</b></td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER"><b>16</b></td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER">11.5</td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER">10</td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER"><b><u>8.5</u></b></td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER">7</td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER">5.5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER" height="17"><b>16.7%</b></td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER"><b>15</b></td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER">10.5</td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER"><b><u>9</u></b></td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER">7.5</td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER">6</td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER">4.5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER" height="17"><b>22.2%</b></td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER"><b>14</b></td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER">9.5</td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER">8</td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER">6.5</td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER">5</td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER"><br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER" height="17"><b>27.8%</b></td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER"><b>13</b></td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER">8.5</td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER">7</td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER">5.5</td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER"> <br>
</td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER"> <br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="CENTER" height="17"><br>
</td>
<td align="CENTER"><br>
</td>
<td align="CENTER"><br>
</td>
<td align="CENTER"><br>
</td>
<td align="CENTER"><br>
</td>
<td align="CENTER"><br>
</td>
<td align="CENTER"><br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
colspan="7" align="CENTER" height="34"><b>Matrix
of Char Energy (MJ/kg wet biomass) for
six possible moisture (%, in rows) and
five possible char yields (%, in
columns)</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-left:1px solid #000000;"
align="LEFT" height="17"><br>
</td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER"><b><br>
</b></td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
colspan="5" align="CENTER"><b>Char yield
(%W); char energy of 30MJ/kg</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER" height="38"><b>Moisture %</b></td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER"><b>Fuel Energy MJ/kg</b></td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER" valign="TOP"><b>15%</b></td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER" valign="TOP"><b>20%</b></td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER" valign="TOP"><b>25%</b></td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER" valign="TOP"><b>30%</b></td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER" valign="TOP"><b>35%</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER" height="17"><b>0.0%</b></td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER"><b>18</b></td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER"> <br>
</td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER"> <br>
</td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER">7.5</td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER">9</td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER">10.5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER" height="17"><b>5.6%</b></td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER"><b>17</b></td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER"> <br>
</td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER">6</td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER">7.5</td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER">9</td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER">10.5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER" height="17"><b>11.1%</b></td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER"><b>16</b></td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER">4.5</td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER">6</td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER"><b><u>7.5</u></b></td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER">9</td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER">10.5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER" height="17"><b>16.7%</b></td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER"><b>15</b></td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER">4.5</td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER"><b><u>6</u></b></td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER">7.5</td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER">9</td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER">10.5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER" height="17"><b>22.2%</b></td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER"><b>14</b></td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER">4.5</td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER">6</td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER">7.5</td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER">9</td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER"> <br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER" height="17"><b>27.8%</b></td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER"><b>13</b></td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER">4.5</td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER">6</td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER">7.5</td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER"> <br>
</td>
<td style="border-top:1px solid
#000000;border-bottom:1px solid
#000000;border-left:1px solid
#000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;"
align="CENTER"> <br>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br>
<br>
<hr id="yiv1333313457zwchr"><b>From: </b>"Paul
Anderson" <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu"><psanders@ilstu.edu></a><br>
<b>To: </b>"Discussion of biomass cooking stoves"
<a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org"><stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org></a><br>
<b>Cc: </b>"Crispin Pemberton-Pigott"
<a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:crispinpigott@gmail.com"><crispinpigott@gmail.com></a>, "Hugh McLaughlin"
<a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:wastemin1@verizon.net"><wastemin1@verizon.net></a>,
<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:biochar@yahoogroups.com">biochar@yahoogroups.com</a>, "Doc Anderson"
<a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu"><psanders@ilstu.edu></a><br>
<b>Sent: </b>Sunday, November 4, 2012 7:27:11 AM<br>
<b>Subject: </b>[biochar] Heat from combustion of
TLUD gases with char remaining<br>
<br>
<span style="display:none;"> </span>
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<p>Stovers and Biochar-ites,<br>
<br>
Crispin has made a very useful comment
that should not be buried under a <br>
Subject/Thread called Re: [Stoves]
Smoke-free biomass pellet fueled stove<br>
<br>
So I have started a new thread and invite
comments from those who know <br>
much more about this than I do. Can
Aprovecho or CSU or ISU (Iowa) or <br>
U of Dayton or others confirm, adjust or
reject the calculations?<br>
<br>
Even if the numbers change a little, I
believe this could be <br>
important. We do want to see how it is
useful.<br>
<br>
Paul<br>
<br>
Paul S. Anderson, PhD aka "Dr TLUD"<br>
Email: <a moz-do-not-send="true"
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ymailto="mailto:psanders%40ilstu.edu"
target="_blank"
href="/mc/compose?to=psanders%40ilstu.edu">psanders@ilstu.edu</a>
Skype: paultlud Phone: +1-309-452-7072<br>
Website: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="http://www.drtlud.com">www.drtlud.com</a><br>
<br>
On 11/4/2012 4:59 AM, Crispin
Pemberton-Pigott wrote:<br>
> Dear Paul<br>
><br>
> Have you decided on a favourite value
for the heat of combustion from the<br>
> gases developed from a wood fire in
the TLUD's? If you have a wood at 18.4<br>
> MJ/kg dry and you have (say) 20% char
left at the end, what would you<br>
> consider the heat value per missing
kg? Obviously it is not the same as the<br>
> initial wood.<br>
><br>
> So I wanted to explore this with you.
Let's set the moisture at 15% to be<br>
> typical of air-dried hot-country fuel
wood.<br>
><br>
> Starting with an LHV for the dry
wood, the net heat LHV is 15.25 MJ/kg. If<br>
> there is 200 g of char remaining, and
we treat it as being the same as<br>
> regular hardwood charcoal, we can
assign a heat value of 29.5 * 0.2 = 5.9 MJ<br>
> for the remaining char.<br>
><br>
> What remains as heat available is
9.35 MJ. This is from 800 g of missing<br>
> fuel so the energy average per
missing gram is 9.35/0.8 = 11.69 MK/kg or<br>
> 11.69 Joules per gram.<br>
><br>
> Do you agree with this approach?<br>
Paul Anderson inserts: I like the
approach. But at best we are dealing <br>
with 2 digit accuracy. And it is easier to
remember 11 to 12 MJ/kg = <br>
the pyrolytic heat from TLUD making
biochar.<br>
<br>
Crispin continues:<br>
><br>
> What it means is that if you put a
char-making stove on a scale and run it<br>
> you have a value of heat per g
missing from the scale. The missing mass
is<br>
> moisture, wood gas and some of the
carbon (about 1/2).<br>
><br>
> Using this approach you can determine
the net thermal efficiency of the<br>
> flame-to-pot+water. As the amount of
char remaining is variable and not<br>
> known until after the test is
completed, it is hard to know what the<br>
> performance is during the test but
that is a detail.<br>
><br>
> You can determine if the thermal
efficiency has been improved should you<br>
> make changes to the stove body.<br>
><br>
> For those who like details, the heat
value of the char is usually unknown.<br>
> It would have to be homogenised and a
sample tested in a bomb calorimeter to<br>
> know what it is exactly. As Penn
Taylor pointed out, the value can range<br>
> from about 12 to 33 MJ/kg so the real
value is going to vary from test to<br>
> test.<br>
><br>
> Regards<br>
> Crispin<br>
><br>
><br>
><br>
>
_______________________________________________<br>
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