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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body bgcolor=white lang=EN-CA link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>Dear Ron<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>I followed your general point and wonder if you could consider these ‘typical’ examples and then fine tune the request.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>Here is a wood analysis (without dilution by moisture)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width=177 style='width:133.0pt;border-collapse:collapse'><tr style='height:40.5pt'><td width=99 valign=bottom style='width:74.0pt;background:white;padding:0mm 5.4pt 0mm 5.4pt;height:40.5pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='font-size:22.0pt;color:black'>FUELS:<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td width=79 valign=bottom style='width:59.0pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;background:white;padding:0mm 5.4pt 0mm 5.4pt;height:40.5pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span style='color:black'>Wattle<o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr style='height:15.0pt'><td width=99 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:74.0pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-bottom:none;background:white;padding:0mm 5.4pt 0mm 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'>Ash %<o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=79 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:59.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;background:#969696;padding:0mm 5.4pt 0mm 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='color:black'> 0.50 <o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr style='height:15.0pt'><td width=99 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:74.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-bottom:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;background:white;padding:0mm 5.4pt 0mm 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'>Sulphur %<o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=79 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:59.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;background:#969696;padding:0mm 5.4pt 0mm 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='color:black'> 0.04 <o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr style='height:15.0pt'><td width=99 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:74.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-bottom:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;background:white;padding:0mm 5.4pt 0mm 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'>Hydrogen %<o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=79 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:59.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;background:#969696;padding:0mm 5.4pt 0mm 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='color:black'> 6.50 <o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr style='height:15.0pt'><td width=99 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:74.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-bottom:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;background:white;padding:0mm 5.4pt 0mm 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'>Carbon %<o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=79 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:59.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;background:#969696;padding:0mm 5.4pt 0mm 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='color:black'> 49.46 <o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr style='height:15.0pt'><td width=99 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:74.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-bottom:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;background:white;padding:0mm 5.4pt 0mm 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'>Oxygen %<o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=79 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:59.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;background:#969696;padding:0mm 5.4pt 0mm 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='color:black'> 43.00 <o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr style='height:15.0pt'><td width=99 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:74.0pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top:none;background:white;padding:0mm 5.4pt 0mm 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'>Nitrogen %<o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=79 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:59.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;background:#969696;padding:0mm 5.4pt 0mm 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='color:black'> 0.50 <o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr style='height:15.0pt'><td width=99 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:74.0pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top:none;background:white;padding:0mm 5.4pt 0mm 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='color:black'>Total %<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td width=79 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:59.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;background:white;padding:0mm 5.4pt 0mm 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='color:black'> 100.00 <o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr style='height:15.0pt'><td width=99 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:74.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-bottom:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;background:white;padding:0mm 5.4pt 0mm 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='color:black'>HHV<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td width=79 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:59.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;background:#969696;padding:0mm 5.4pt 0mm 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='color:black'> 18.70 <o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr style='height:15.0pt'><td width=99 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:74.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-bottom:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;background:white;padding:0mm 5.4pt 0mm 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='color:black'>LHV<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td width=79 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:59.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;background:white;padding:0mm 5.4pt 0mm 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='color:black'> 17.38 <o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr style='height:15.0pt'><td width=99 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:74.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-bottom:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;background:white;padding:0mm 5.4pt 0mm 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='color:black'>DAF HHV<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td width=79 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:59.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;background:white;padding:0mm 5.4pt 0mm 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='color:black'> 18.79 <o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr style='height:15.75pt'><td width=99 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:74.0pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top:none;background:white;padding:0mm 5.4pt 0mm 5.4pt;height:15.75pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='color:black'>C:H ratio<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td width=79 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:59.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;background:white;padding:0mm 5.4pt 0mm 5.4pt;height:15.75pt'><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'> 7.61 <o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr></table><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>And here is a Charcoal analysis:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width=173 style='width:130.0pt;border-collapse:collapse'><tr style='height:40.5pt'><td width=99 valign=bottom style='width:74.0pt;background:white;padding:0mm 5.4pt 0mm 5.4pt;height:40.5pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='font-size:22.0pt;color:black'>FUELS:<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td width=75 valign=bottom style='width:56.0pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;background:white;padding:0mm 5.4pt 0mm 5.4pt;height:40.5pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span style='color:black'>Charcoal<o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr style='height:15.0pt'><td width=99 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:74.0pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-bottom:none;background:white;padding:0mm 5.4pt 0mm 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'>Ash %<o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=75 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:56.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;background:#969696;padding:0mm 5.4pt 0mm 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='color:black'> 2.00 <o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr style='height:15.0pt'><td width=99 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:74.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-bottom:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;background:white;padding:0mm 5.4pt 0mm 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'>Sulphur %<o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=75 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:56.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;background:#969696;padding:0mm 5.4pt 0mm 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='color:black'> 0.10 <o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr style='height:15.0pt'><td width=99 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:74.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-bottom:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;background:white;padding:0mm 5.4pt 0mm 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'>Hydrogen %<o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=75 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:56.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;background:#969696;padding:0mm 5.4pt 0mm 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='color:black'> 1.69 <o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr style='height:15.0pt'><td width=99 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:74.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-bottom:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;background:white;padding:0mm 5.4pt 0mm 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'>Carbon %<o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=75 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:56.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;background:#969696;padding:0mm 5.4pt 0mm 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='color:black'> 83.00 <o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr style='height:15.0pt'><td width=99 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:74.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-bottom:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;background:white;padding:0mm 5.4pt 0mm 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'>Oxygen %<o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=75 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:56.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;background:#969696;padding:0mm 5.4pt 0mm 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='color:black'> 13.11 <o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr style='height:15.0pt'><td width=99 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:74.0pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top:none;background:white;padding:0mm 5.4pt 0mm 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'>Nitrogen %<o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=75 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:56.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;background:#969696;padding:0mm 5.4pt 0mm 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='color:black'> 0.10 <o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr style='height:15.0pt'><td width=99 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:74.0pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top:none;background:white;padding:0mm 5.4pt 0mm 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='color:black'>Total %<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td width=75 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:56.0pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;background:white;padding:0mm 5.4pt 0mm 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='color:black'> 100.00 <o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr style='height:15.0pt'><td width=99 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:74.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-bottom:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;background:white;padding:0mm 5.4pt 0mm 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='color:black'>HHV<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td width=75 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:56.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;background:#969696;padding:0mm 5.4pt 0mm 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='color:black'> 29.80 <o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr style='height:15.0pt'><td width=99 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:74.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-bottom:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;background:white;padding:0mm 5.4pt 0mm 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='color:black'>LHV<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td width=75 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:56.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;background:white;padding:0mm 5.4pt 0mm 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='color:black'> 29.46 <o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr style='height:15.0pt'><td width=99 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:74.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-bottom:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;background:white;padding:0mm 5.4pt 0mm 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='color:black'>DAF HHV<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td width=75 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:56.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;background:white;padding:0mm 5.4pt 0mm 5.4pt;height:15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='color:black'> 30.41 <o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr style='height:15.75pt'><td width=99 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:74.0pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top:none;background:white;padding:0mm 5.4pt 0mm 5.4pt;height:15.75pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='color:black'>C:H ratio<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td width=75 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:56.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;background:white;padding:0mm 5.4pt 0mm 5.4pt;height:15.75pt'><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'> 49.11 <o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr></table><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>So the assumption (which is a big one but let’s go with it) is that the char represents the difference between burning whole fuel and leaving some charcoal.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>Then the conversion of that char into a CO2 saving (we can come back to the CO as CO2e) is the difference between the char % in the remaining fraction and the original (dry) fuel analysis. Let’s say it was 83% v.s. 50%.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>So 1 kg of wood = 500 g of C<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>1 kg of Char = 830 g of C<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>The difference is 1.66 times the C in the char mass as an equivalent mass of dry fuel.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><u><span style='color:#1F497D'>C<sub>CHAR</sub></span></u><span style='color:#1F497D'> = 1.66<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>C<sub>WOOD</sub><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>As there is always some mass of moisture in the wood and none in the char, it is fair to include the moisture, let’s say 15% and use the formula:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><u><span style='color:#1F497D'>____C<sub>CHAR</sub></span></u><span style='color:#1F497D'> _____= <u> 830 </u> = 1.95 for a factor of about 2.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>C<sub>WOOD</sub>*(1-H<sub>2</sub>O%) 500*(1-0.15)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>Weighing the remaining char, say 250 g, you multiple by 2 to get 500 g of wood equivalent (at 15% moisture). <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>By not burning that 250 g of char, you have effectively not burned 500 g of that particular fuel when viewed from the perspective of CO<sub>2</sub> emitted.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>Because most stoves made at least some char, the same calculation would have to be done for both stoves to get a fair comparison. So you could have two methods: either take a difference of char only and use the Carbon content of the char to directly calculate an amount of CO2 avoided, or express it as a mass of moist fuel not burned, deducting it from the total burned. Normally the CO<sub>2</sub> emitted is calculated from the mass of fuel burned so it might fly father with the Carbon traders.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>Regards<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>Crispin<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div></body></html>