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<div class="moz-cite-prefix">Dear Otto,<br>
<br>
Sounds like you have a formula for those pellets. Maybe others
can replicate it. (I was not making pellets, I just had contact
with the press-cake). Or is it possible to get any of those
pellets? <br>
<br>
How can we proceed with this?<br>
<br>
Paul<br>
<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">Paul S. Anderson, PhD aka "Dr TLUD"
Email: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu">psanders@ilstu.edu</a> Skype: paultlud Phone: +1-309-452-7072
Website: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="http://www.drtlud.com">www.drtlud.com</a></pre>
On 1/20/2013 3:47 PM, Otto Formo wrote:<br>
</div>
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type="cite">
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<div dir="ltr">
Dear all,
<div><br>
</div>
<div>I dont know to much about the presscake of Jatropha from
Mosambique or Uganda, but the pellets we were introduced to in
Zambia, does not remind me about any of the discription given
by Paul.</div>
<div>The pellets are dry and easy to handle and far from sticky.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>May be we have discovered the "secret" combination
.................:)</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Have any of you considered to mix it with sawdust, a well
known metode to "control" oil spill, or any other suitable
biomass?</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Otto<br>
<br>
<div>
<hr id="stopSpelling">Date: Sun, 20 Jan 2013 15:25:04 -0600<br>
From: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu">psanders@ilstu.edu</a><br>
To: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br>
CC: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:nathan@grotontimberworks.com">nathan@grotontimberworks.com</a>; <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:davidpotto@gmail.com">davidpotto@gmail.com</a>;
<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:wastemin1@verizon.net">wastemin1@verizon.net</a>; <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:solarbobky@yahoo.com">solarbobky@yahoo.com</a>;
<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:dcovert@u.washington.edu">dcovert@u.washington.edu</a><br>
Subject: Re: [Stoves] Jatropha fruit as fuel? -- and
possible project<br>
<br>
<div class="ecxmoz-cite-prefix">Jonathan,<br>
<br>
You wrote:<br>
<blockquote> we too have had the experience of getting
smoke and incomplete gasification from very dry seed
that was stored too long in arid conditions. <br>
</blockquote>
I suspect you meant to say "incomplete combustion of the
gases". I suspect that your very dry fuel did get
pyrolyzed all the way to charcoal. (and I suspect that
you are not referring to the gasification of the char,
which should not be allowed to occur inside of TLUD
stoves because the high heat of char-gasification is
detrimental to the metal of the stoves.).<br>
<br>
There seem to be enough Jatropha seeds for both pressing
them for oil AND for using some directly as seed-fuels.
Advantages of seed fuels include:<br>
1. Already packaged with a natural protective coating
(seed coat, not referring to the outer husk/shell)<br>
a. to prevent entry of water (until
conditions exist for sprouting). Moisture content (MC) is
reasonably consistent in intact seeds if you give them a
little protection from the rain.<br>
b. clean to the touch when handling the
fuel. They scoop well, and make no dust.<br>
c. giving curved sides that allow passage of
the needed Up-Draft primary air in TLUDs<br>
d. (minor negative) prevent quick ignition,
so we solve that by breaking up a few seeds to be at the
top for ignition. But no need to crack them all.<br>
<br>
2. Packed with energy in the form of carbohydrates (and
other "stuff" like oils that burn). <br>
a. That is why we do not burn most seeds,
because they have value as food. <br>
b. But Jatropha seeds are inedible, so we can
burn them.<br>
c. The oils can be vaporized by the heat,
meaning the pyrolysis does not occur for the oils.<br>
d. Therefore, per unit of energy ultimately
in the combustion flame, there is LESS charcoal produced
per unit of weight than is the case of wood and maize
cobs, etc. <br>
<br>
3. And specifically Jatropha seeds are about the right
size for collection, storage, handling, air passage. And
do not forget that the outer husk/hull can also be
collected and used as fuel.<br>
<br>
4. About the press-cake after oil extraction. What I
have seen (Mozambique and Uganda) does not appeal much to
me as a fuel. It needs further handling, is oily, and
oil that does not dry remains slippery and therefore is
not naturally great for making pellets or briquettes stick
together. IF the press cake is being produced, then
certainly consider using it as a fuel. But do not expect
it to be easy or clean or even cheap. Certainly not as
inexpensive as the intact seeds.<br>
<br>
Again, I will sing the praises of Jet City Stoveworks
(Otto brothers Jon and David and Prof. David Covert) and
of Nathan Puffer (Vermont, not NH) for their work with
whole Jatropha seeds in TLUD-ND (Jiko Safi) and TLUD-FA
stoves, respectively. And also Hugh McLaughlin who has
done experimental work with oil seeds as fuels in TLUDS
(used sunflower seeds as a substitute). <br>
<br>
We hope to see the Jiko Safi at ETHOS next week. Maybe
there will be sufficient interest and attendance that we
can build with and upon the Safi work. <br>
<br>
Paul<br>
<pre class="ecxmoz-signature">Paul S. Anderson, PhD aka "Dr TLUD"
Email: <a moz-do-not-send="true" class="ecxmoz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu">psanders@ilstu.edu</a> Skype: paultlud Phone: <span class="skype_pnh_print_container_1358715510">+1-309-452-7072</span><span class="skype_pnh_container" dir="ltr" tabindex="-1"><span class="skype_pnh_mark"> begin_of_the_skype_highlighting</span> <span class="skype_pnh_highlighting_inactive_common" dir="ltr" skypeaction="skype_dropdown" title="Click to make a low cost call with Skype"><span class="skype_pnh_left_span" skypeaction="skype_dropdown" title="Skype actions"> </span><span class="skype_pnh_dropart_span" skypeaction="skype_dropdown" title="Skype actions"><span class="skype_pnh_dropart_flag_span" skypeaction="skype_dropdown"> </span> </span><span class="skype_pnh_textarea_span"><span class="skype_pnh_text_span">+1-309-452-7072</span></span><span class="skype_pnh_right_span"> &
nbsp;</
span></span> <span class="skype_pnh_mark">end_of_the_skype_highlighting</span></span>
Website: <a moz-do-not-send="true" class="ecxmoz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="http://www.drtlud.com" target="_blank">www.drtlud.com</a></pre>
On 1/20/2013 12:16 PM, Jonathan Otto wrote:<br>
</div>
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cite="mid:SNT137-W25D68E45CDE071711A685FD6100@phx.gbl">
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<div dir="ltr"> Alex,<br>
<br>
You and Ron Larson have the memory of an elephant.
Yes, I did make early postings to this list seeking help
as we tried to develop a stove to burn liquid Jatropha
oil many years ago. As our German colleagues at
Siemens demonstrated over sevearl years of interesting
failures, a cheap, easy-to-maintain stove fueled
by plant oils is very difficult or maybe impossible.
Then, for our efforts in Tanzania, Paul Anderson came
along, preaching the gospel of TLUD, and we realized
that extracting J oil as a liquid fuel was both
unnecessary and inappropriate, when we can gasify these
oils from within the seed. <br>
<br>
Moisture level. We've not done any systematic testing
of seed moisture levels, but it's rarely an issue since
people only harvest J seeds when they're completely dry
on the vine. Some sun drying helps if they get wet.
Going back to a comment Dean made recently about fuel
being too dry to gasify well, we too have had the
experience of getting smoke and incomplete gasification
from very dry seed that was stored too long in arid
conditions. We need more field experience to say
anything more useful about this.<br>
<br>
Carl Beilenberg and J oil for electrical generation. I
have fallen out of touch with Carl in recent years, so I
don't know what my fellow Vermonter is up to these days,
but you can bet it's highly inventive. I do know that
he used to run his diesel VW on J oil -- quite a trick
for such a viscous fuel in our northern climate. Since
J seed is still not a traded commodity in most places,
the economics of using it as fuel -- solid or liquid --
can't be definitively determined, or I should say, will
be highly site-specific. The on-farm price range for J
seed, excepting ridiculous spikes that occurred during
the Jatropha silly period of the biofuel bubble after
2005, runs from around US$0.12 to $0.25 per-kilo in my
experience. Depending on efficiency of extraction
methods, quality of seed, etc., one can get 1 liter from
3.5 kg - 5 kg of seed. Of course, feedstock is only one
part of the cost equation. <br>
<br>
Thanks for yoiur interest,<br>
<br>
Jonathan <br>
<br>
<div>
<hr id="ecxstopSpelling"> Date: Sun, 20 Jan 2013
10:14:42 -0500<br>
From: <a moz-do-not-send="true"
class="ecxmoz-txt-link-abbreviated"
href="mailto:english@kingston.net">english@kingston.net</a><br>
To: <a moz-do-not-send="true"
class="ecxmoz-txt-link-abbreviated"
href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br>
Subject: Re: [Stoves] Jatropha fruit as fuel?<br>
<br>
<div class="ecxmoz-cite-prefix">Hi Jonathan,<br>
Its good to hear about the progress you have made. I
can remember your early missives to this list, was
it a decade ago?<br>
A few questions... about the stove;<br>
<br>
At what moisture level (in the whole seed) do you
see a drop off in emissions performance when burned
in the Jiko Safi?<br>
Is it easy for the users to tell when the seeds are
dry enough?<br>
<br>
...about biofuel;<br>
Part of the idea was to provide electricity or
shaft power to communities or business with a Lister
engine on Jatropha oil. <br>
I remember visiting Carl Bielenberg's workshop where
he was doing the testing. <br>
Any success stories there or is diesel always
cheaper without a carbon consideration?<br>
<br>
Alex<br>
<br>
<br>
On 20/01/2013 9:23 AM, Jonathan Otto wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote
cite="mid:SNT137-W37A0FF482C8EF02CD58B9AD6100@phx.gbl">
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<div dir="ltr">Hey Richard,<br>
<br>
Not sure why you feel my briquetting education has
been neglected, since that kind of fuel is
not mentioned in any of my postings; but
I certainly subscribe to Dean's comment: we all
have a lot to learn about such alternative
fuels. I would add: and the stoves that burn them
in a truly clean way. Which brings up the
question: if a briquette or pellet is burned in an
open charcoal brazier, do we have a clean energy
source? To put in another way, there are no
'clean' or 'dirty' fuels; it's combination of fuel
and stove that must be evaluated together for
emissions and other performance parameters. <br>
<br>
My densified fuels question to Otto the Senior or
anyone else who can enlighten me concerning the
logic of pelletizing Jatropha presscake. If
farmers grow their own energy-dense, uniform-sized
fuel, i.e., whole Jatropha seed, why complicate
matters by processing that ready-to-use fuel into
another fuel? No matter how efficient the
pelletizing process, it must require time and
energy. Why not burn these seeds directly in a
micro gasifier stove, such as our jiko safi? <br>
<br>
Let me try to head off some likely comments. I
know that there are companies in many African and
Asian countries engaged in commercial
scale production of Jatropha (and other biofuel
crops) for export of biodeisel. Land grabbing and
other nefarious activities of some of these
players are obscene, as once again the global
north exploits tropical countries for cheap/free
land and cheap labor to meet its own needs. <br>
<br>
Yes, those Jatropha oil export ventures produce
presscake as a by-product which they pelletize and
market for fuel. And yes, some smaller operations
in a few countries like Uganda, are trying to make
a go of producing Jatropha-based biofuels for
local and regional energy markets. But for all
the publicity, most of it appropriately negative,
in the 'food vs. fuel' analysis, there's a lot
more to Jatropha than current attempts to put the
oil in European cars and jet engines.<br>
<br>
Far apart from all these recent commercial
Jatropha ventures, many of which are unprofitable
for reasons we can discuss another time if
anyone's interested, are many millions of farmers
in over 110 countries who use Jatropha as a living
hedge and for medicianl uses. Seems it's grown in
every frost-free area of the world. I've found it
from Cuba -- it's native to the neo-tropics -- to
Mali, which has thousands of kilometers of hedges,
to Bhutan where villagers were obliged to pay a
Jatropha tax to monks for lighting in floating
wick lamps. <br>
<br>
My guess is that over 99% of all Jatropha seed
fall to the ground and rot, unused. (One study
in a district of Tanzania where Jatropha seed is a
traded commodity found that only 6% of seed is
harvested.) As we all search for renewable,
sustainably harvested biomass to fuel our favorite
stoves, can we afford to overlook seeds of this
ubiquitous, multi-use species? <br>
<br>
The point of importuning my stove list colleagues
on a fine Sunday morning is to interest other
stove makers to look at Jatropha and other
energy-rich seeds as a category of fuel worth
consideration for new stove designs. We are
modestly pleased with the performance of the jiko
safi, but we also know that some of you with far
deeper understanding of gasification and far more
experience in stove design could produce a much
better model. Anyone want to take up this
challenge?<br>
<br>
Over to you,<br>
<br>
Jonathan<br>
<br>
<br>
<div>
<hr id="ecxstopSpelling"> From: <a
moz-do-not-send="true"
class="ecxmoz-txt-link-abbreviated"
href="mailto:rstanley@legacyfound.org">rstanley@legacyfound.org</a><br>
Date: Sat, 19 Jan 2013 20:46:53 -0600<br>
To: <a moz-do-not-send="true"
class="ecxmoz-txt-link-abbreviated"
href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br>
Subject: Re: [Stoves] Jatropha fruit as fuel?<br>
<br>
<div>Dear Ottos,</div>
<div>Seems you both need training in
briquettemaking . Jon you know where to go in
nchi yeti but Otto, where are you based?
Seriously, the blends you are finding smelly
smokey etc suggests that you get in touch with
any of hundreds of others who can train you. </div>
<div>Richard Stanley</div>
<div>Monte Rico,</div>
<div>Guatemala<br>
<br>
Sent from my iPhone</div>
<div><br>
On Jan 19, 2013, at 18:10, Otto Formo <<a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:terra-matricula@hotmail.com">terra-matricula@hotmail.com</a>>
wrote:<br>
<br>
</div>
<blockquote>
<div>
<div dir="ltr">Josh and Jonathan (Otto),
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Yes, we are talking about the
presscake of Jatropha and it was
processed into pellets localy in Zambia,
quite easily and with "simple" tools -
(no waste of energy)</div>
<div><br>
We had the same experience as your
colleagues using briquettes made out of
ricehusks and sawdust.</div>
<div>They even started to glow like
charcoal early in the gasification
process and produced smoky and smouldery
combustion.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Thast why we prefer to use pellets of
best possible quality. </div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>I hope you are correct about<span
style="font-size:10pt"> the
gasification of jatropha pellets will
destroy the phorbol esters and other
problematic compounds instead of
emitting them.</span></div>
<div><span style="font-size:10pt">Iam a
bit worried about the forced draft
units, while they seems to blow some
parts of the ash and gases into the
open air or room.</span></div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>May be the char from Jatropha could
have a pestecide effect as well?</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Otto<br>
<div>
<hr id="ecxstopSpelling"> Date: Sat,
19 Jan 2013 18:23:35 -0500<br>
From: <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:yeah.yeah.right.on@gmail.com">yeah.yeah.right.on@gmail.com</a><br>
To: <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br>
Subject: Re: [Stoves] Jatropha fruit
as fuel?<br>
<br>
Otto - FYI jatropha presscake (the
mealy material left over once oil has
been pressed out of the seeds) can be
directly pelletized without further
processing. It's pretty easy to
pelletize, even with a small, cheaper
(e.g. benchtop) pellet press. The
mealy presscake still contains some of
the oil (think coffee grounds) and it
pelletizes well without worry over
moisture content or having to use a
binder.
<div><br>
</div>
<div>The pellets burn in a TLUD
similar to wood or other pellets, at
least by visual observation and
temperature recording. I have
colleagues that have tried to make
cooking briquettes with jatropha
seedcake and had a very smoky,
smouldery combustion. I believe
there are concerns of some
potentially toxic emissions (phorbol
esters, other compounds?). I have
not tested the emissions from TLUD
charring jatropha pellets, but there
was no visible smoke and the
gasifier seemed to operate fine as
it does with other types of pellets.
It would be interesting to know if
firing jatropha pellets in a TLUD
destroys the phorbol esters and
other problematic compounds instead
of emitting them.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>I first tried to char
un-pelletized jatropha seedcake in
the TLUD - because it is mealy like
coffee grounds no draft could get
through and it was a total fail -
lots of smoke poured out! This
brought the fire department to our
Colorado backyard during a fire ban.
Whoops.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Also FYI char made from TLUD
jatropha pellets performed similar
for herbicide uptake from simulated
natural water as chars made in the
same way from pine pellets, bagasse
pellets, and bamboo pieces.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Josh</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><br>
<br>
<div class="ecxgmail_quote">On Sat,
Jan 19, 2013 at 12:29 PM, Jonathan
Otto <span dir="ltr"><<a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:ottojonathan@hotmail.com">ottojonathan@hotmail.com</a>></span>
wrote:<br>
<blockquote
style="border-left:#ccc
1px\00000d\00000a
solid;padding-left:1ex"
class="ecxgmail_quote">
<div>
<div dir="ltr">
<p class="ecxMsoNormal"><font
size="3" face="Calibri">Otto,</font></p>
<p class="ecxMsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="ecxMsoNormal"><font
size="3" face="Calibri">Whole
Jatropha seeds can be
picked from hedges
on-farm and used
directly in our jiko
safi gasification stove
without any further
effort (except maybe for
some sun drying if
harvested during a damp
season) … the most
decentralized, efficient
sustainable fuel system
I can imagine.</font></p>
<p class="ecxMsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="ecxMsoNormal"><font
size="3" face="Calibri">Sure,
urban jiko safi users
will need to buy their
fuel seeds, so a
commercial system for
transport and retail
sale of seed will be
needed eventually,
likely mimicking some
aspects of the charcoal
trade. But it’s just
whole, unprocessed seed.</font></p>
<p class="ecxMsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="ecxMsoNormal"><font
size="3" face="Calibri">Concerning
pelletized Jatropha
fuel, I would like to
understand the
advantages you find in
going through the costs
and effort (including
energy losses) of
processing seeds to
expel the oil, then
probably milling the
press cake and shells
(?) to uniform
size/texture, then
extruding or otherwise
forming the mixture into
pellets, and finally
distribute the fuel,
some of which will go
back to the same farmers
that grew the Jatropha
seed in the first place?</font></p>
<p class="ecxMsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="ecxMsoNormal"><font
size="3"><font
face="Calibri">I know
there are technical
advantages to
gasification of
uniform-sized pellets,
but it seems to me
that round or ovoid
shaped seeds like
Jatropha, castor (I
know, more poisons!),
shea or <span>croton
megalocarpus provide
this same advantage,
without going
through the
pelletization
process.<span> </span>What
am I missing?</span></font></font></p>
<p class="ecxMsoNormal"><span></span> </p>
<p class="ecxMsoNormal"><span><font
size="3"
face="Calibri">Otto,
the minor</font></span></p>
<p class="ecxMsoNormal"><span></span> </p>
<p class="ecxMsoNormal"><span><font
size="3"
face="Calibri">P.S.
It's too late for me
to retire 'on time'</font></span></p>
<div>
<div class="ecxim">
<hr> From: <a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:terra-matricula@hotmail.com">terra-matricula@hotmail.com</a><br>
To: <a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br>
</div>
Date: Sat, 19 Jan 2013
17:23:37 +0100
<div>
<div class="h5"><br>
Subject: Re: [Stoves]
Jatropha fruit as
fuel?<br>
<br>
<div dir="ltr">Jonathan,
<div><br>
</div>
<div>We have got
some samples of
pelletized
jatropha shells
and seeds from
Zambia, after the
oil has been
extracted and we
feel that is the
way forward.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>We will update
you on the
progress, so you
will be albe to
retire "on
time".................:)<br>
We are not so
worried about PM
in natural draft
gasifiers, but
thanks for the
concern.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Otto........................<br>
<div>
<hr> From: <a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:ottojonathan@hotmail.com">ottojonathan@hotmail.com</a><br>
To: <a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br>
Date: Sat, 19
Jan 2013
09:03:35 -0500<br>
Subject: Re:
[Stoves]
Jatropha fruit
as fuel?<br>
<br>
<div dir="ltr">Otto-<br>
<br>
You 'would
guess' wrong.
<br>
<br>
'We should be
very careful
advising
people' about
such
unsupported
conclusions.<br>
<br>
The challenges
of gasifying
oils found in
seeds, notably
the oils of
Jatropha seed,
in a cookstove
are far
different
from working
with
most pellets
formulations. <br>
<br>
I keenly look
forward to
news of your
all-fuel
stoves that
will handle J
seeds, and the
results of
your tests. I
sincerely hope
you develop
this soon, so
I can finally
retire in
peace.<br>
<br>
Oh, and when
you do tests,
please include
particulates
in your
emissions
testing, so we
can finally
end all this
hand wringing
about 'these
types of
fuel'.<br>
<br>
>From the
cheeky other
Otto,<br>
<br>
Jonathan <br>
<div>
<hr> From: <a
moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:terra-matricula@hotmail.com">terra-matricula@hotmail.com</a><br>
To: <a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br>
Date: Fri, 18
Jan 2013
23:23:48 +0100<br>
Subject: Re:
[Stoves]
Jatropha fruit
as fuel?<br>
<br>
<div dir="ltr">Dear
stovers,
<div><br>
</div>
<div>I would
guess that
"any" gasifier
will burn
jatropha seeds
or pellets
cleanly and
efficient, as
long as the
moisture
content are
less than 10%.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>We have
in the
pipeline to
test a new
design of
natural draft
gasifiers,
using jatropha
seeds and
pellets, for
emmissions and
toxcic fumes.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>We should
be very
carefull
adviceing
people using
these types of
fuel, before
it has been
carefully
tested by
independent
institutions.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Have a
nice weekend.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Otto (not
the famous
one..........:)<br>
<br>
<div>
<hr> From: <a
moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:crispinpigott@gmail.com">crispinpigott@gmail.com</a><br>
To: <a
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href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br>
Date: Fri, 18
Jan 2013
10:19:11 -0500<br>
Subject: Re:
[Stoves]
Jatropha fruit
as fuel?<br>
<br>
<div><span
style="font-family:'Calibri','sans-serif';color:#1f497d;font-size:11pt">Dear
Jonathan</span><br>
<span
style="font-family:'Calibri','sans-serif';color:#1f497d;font-size:11pt"> </span><br>
<span
style="font-family:'Calibri','sans-serif';color:#1f497d;font-size:11pt">I
am interested
in the general
layout and
dimensions of
a stove that
will burn the
seeds well.
Are you
sharing at
this time
anything
regarding the
design?</span><br>
<span
style="font-family:'Calibri','sans-serif';color:#1f497d;font-size:11pt"> </span><br>
<span
style="font-family:'Calibri','sans-serif';color:#1f497d;font-size:11pt">Thanks<br>
Crispin</span><br>
<div>
<div
style="border-bottom:medium
none;border-left:medium
none;padding-bottom:0mm;padding-left:0mm;padding-right:0mm;border-top:#b5c4df
1pt\00000d\00000a
solid;border-right:medium
none;padding-top:3pt"><span
style="font-family:'Calibri','sans-serif';color:#1f497d;font-size:11pt">++++++++</span><span
style="font-family:'Tahoma','sans-serif';font-size:10pt" lang="EN-US"></span><br>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<div><span
style="font-family:'Tahoma','sans-serif';font-size:10pt">Dear
Joyce and
stovers all,<br>
<br>
My regrets for
not responding
to this
request 6
months ago.
I admit that
it got lost in
my messy inbox
which I have
now reduced
from 6000
messages to a
mere 2400, and
in the process
uncovered Joyce's
email.<br>
<br>
Burning
Jatropha seeds
whole or in
briquettes in
open cooking
arrangements
is a bad
idea. It
produces a
smoky, smelly
fire and
probably
exposes cooks
to toxic
emissions. I
even question
burning
Jatropha oil
in lamps in
enclosed areas
for the same
reason. Maybe
others know of
emissions
studies.<br>
<span
style="color:#1f497d">[snip]</span></span><br>
</div>
</div>
<br>
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<div><br>
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-- <br>
Josh Kearns<br>
PhD Candidate, Environmental
Engineering<br>
University of Colorado-Boulder
<div>Visiting Researcher, North
Carolina State University</div>
<div><br>
<div>Director of Science</div>
<div>Aqueous Solutions </div>
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<pre wrap="">_______________________________________________
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