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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-CA link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Dear Ron and Everyone<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>There are some really good points here which bear a little analysis.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'> 4. On p 50, we read (emphasis added): <br> <i>"Biomass is generally considered to be a renewable<br>fuel. When it is burnt any CO2 released is<br>assumed to be reabsorbed through re-growth of<br>biomass. If biomass is not re-grown, then the<br>emissions from biomass can be considered to be<br>a non-renewable fuel. Therefore, cooking stove<br>projects can <b><u>only generate emission reductions</u></b><br>where it can be shown that the <b><u>biomass used is</u></b><br><b><u>non-renewable</u></b>."<br></i><br></span><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>For a list of rules on what constitutes fundable biomass use reduction you could see the UNFCCC documents on calculating it.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>></span><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'> c. But we got a fair amount of cooking out of that 28 cent investment. We started out with about 4 kg * 18 MJ/kg = 72 MJ, and ended up with 1 kg * 30 MJ /kg in char - a difference of 42 MJ.<br><br></span><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>This needs slight editing. It is a tropical, humid country and drying fuel is a difficult business. Assume 15 MJ/kg and that is probably the best you are going to get. That is 60 MJ. It is unlikely you will get 1 kg of char – more likely 25% of the dry mass . There is often confusion about the initial fuel dry mass and the charcoal dry mass yield. Just be careful about the units.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>></span><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'> f. Since char-making stoves are reported by EPA (and others) to be the highest efficiency reported (in part because the power level is controllable), maybe the economic argument is even more in favor of the char-maker.</span><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>The tests you refer to used a WBT that credits the unburned char as ‘fuel not consumed’ then calculates backwards to get a ‘dry mas fuel equivalent of the energy released during the burn. This ‘dry mass fuel equivalent’ is considerably less than the actual fuel consumed. Thus the ‘fuel efficiency’ is not the stated final number. This was discussed in detail here where after Jim Jetter and I agreed that if the char is not ‘fuel’ to the stove it was created in, it has to be considered ‘lost’ with the ash. As the thermal efficiency is determined from the heat released, not the fuel consumed, the overall efficiency is somewhat misrepresented by the test method.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>In short, char making TLUD’s have been given efficiency ratings and fuel consumptions numbers that far exceed their actual performance as viewed from the fuel pile’s and fuel buyer’s points of view. A pretty comprehensive restatement of stove performance is required to get a realistic picture of stove performance comparisons as the issue of wasted charcoal affects stoves differently. The more they create charcoal during cooking, the greater has been the padding of their fuel performance numbers.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Regards<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Crispin<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div></div></body></html>