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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Bruno Glaser did a nice review of biochar properties including H/C ratio that was discussed recently on the biochar list. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><a href="http://www.bacatec.de/dl/Ge09_Glaser-Steiner_engl.pdf">http://www.bacatec.de/dl/Ge09_Glaser-Steiner_engl.pdf</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Schimmelpfennig and Glaser published a similar paper in a special edition of the Journal of Environmental Quality. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Segoe UI","sans-serif"'>One step forward toward characterization: some important material properties to distinguish biochars<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Abstract<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Segoe UI","sans-serif"'>Terra Preta research gave evidence for the positive influence of charred organic material (biochar) on infertile tropical soils. Facing global challenges such as land degradation, fossil energy decline, water shortage, and climate change, the use of biochar as a soil amendment embedded into regional matter cycles seems to provide an all-round solution. However, little is known about biochar effects on individual ecosystem processes. Besides, the term is used for a variety of charred products. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate principal material properties of different chars to establish a minimum set of analytical properties and thresholds for biochar identification. For this purpose, chars from different production processes (traditional charcoal stack, rotary kiln, Pyreg reactor, wood gasifier, and hydrothermal carbonization) were analyzed for physical and chemical properties such as surface area, black carbon, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and elemental composition. Our results showed a significant influence of production processes on biochar properties. Based on our results, to identify biochar suitable for soil amendment and carbon sequestration, we recommend using variables with the following thresholds: O/C ratio <0.4, H/C ratio <0.6, black carbon >15% C, polyaromatic hydrocarbons lower than soil background values, and a surface area >100 m g.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Segoe UI","sans-serif"'>Schimmelpfennig, Sonja Glaser, Bruno J Environ Qual. 2012 Jul-Aug;41(4):1001-13.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=ES-MX style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><a href="https://www.agronomy.org/publications/jeq/abstracts/41/4/1001"><span lang=EN-US>https://www.agronomy.org/publications/jeq/abstracts/41/4/1001</span></a></span><span lang=ES-MX style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'> </span><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Tom<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><a name="_MailEndCompose"><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></a></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> Stoves [mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org] <b>On Behalf Of </b>mtrevor@ntamar.net<br><b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, February 05, 2013 5:28 PM<br><b>To:</b> Discussion of biomass cooking stoves<br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [Stoves] Characteristics of biochar was Re: [biochar] grassifier & cedar chip char<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p>Quoting Frank Shields <<a href="mailto:frank@compostlab.com">frank@compostlab.com</a>>:<o:p></o:p></p><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Alex,</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>It’s the H/C ratio that has been considered. </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>I like the term Fixed Carbon’ when we actually measure the carbon content in the left overs. </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Regards</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Frank</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Frank Shields</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Control Laboratories, Inc.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>42 Hangar Way</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Watsonville, CA 95076</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>(831) 724-5422 tel</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>(831) 724-3188 fax</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-right:.5in;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.5in'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><a href="http://www.biocharlab">www.biocharlab</a>.com</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></blockquote></div></body></html>