<div dir="ltr">Hello all,<div><br></div><div style>The creation of PAH in biochar is fairly complex. The Illinois Biochar Group at UIUC is doing a lot of work in this area, I have been attending their meetings/presentations for over a year now. John Scott has studied the PAH and phenol formation under different gasification rates and temperature, air/N2 environment, and post storage conditions. His presentation is attached which also shows the equipment he uses, there is not a simple "PAH meter" to answer these questions sufficiently. </div>
<div style>Kurt Spokas is also doing a lot of work on biochar with the USDA and running an ongoing experiment of biochar in active plots. So far he has seen all kinds of results for different chars and different crops: no significant difference in yield, increased height and decreased germination in lettuce, lower grain yields, improved poor soil but unaffected good soil, ect. He makes sure to emphasize that biochar is highly variable and not completely understood, and that people are trying to make conclusions about it without actually knowing what it is or all the underlying mechanisms. Kurt is very straightforward and scientific in his approach, I recommend looking up some of his work to balance out the "miracle biochar" claims that are out there. Basically we cannot say if a certain biochar will be "good" or "bad". It would have to be created consistently in a well controlled environment and used with a particular crop in a particular soil with a known response to get a net positive outcome.</div>
<div style><br></div><div style>Kinematic viscosity is the diffussivity of momentum. Wikipedia has some ways to measure it. </div><div style><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscosity#Viscosity_measurement">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscosity#Viscosity_measurement</a><br>
</div><div style>In school we measured viscosity by dropping spheres of various material (delrin, hdpe, steel, chrome) through a tall column of the liquid material. With the surface friction, shape factor, and mass of sphere known, and the descent time and distance measured, the viscosity could be calculated.</div>
<div><br></div><div style>- Corey Berman</div></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Thu, Feb 7, 2013 at 2:00 PM, <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:stoves-request@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">stoves-request@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>></span> wrote:<br>
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<br>Today's Topics:<br>
<br>
1. Re: Characteristics of biochar was Re: [biochar] grassifier &<br>
cedar chip char (Josh Kearns)<br>
2. Re: Characteristics of biochar was Re: [biochar] grassifier &<br>
cedar chip char (Crispin Pemberton-Pigott)<br>
3. Kinematic Viscosity measure of organic waste water question<br>
(Frank Shields)<br>
4. Re: Kinematic Viscosity measure of organic waste water<br>
question (Crispin Pemberton-Pigott)<br>
5. Re: Kinematic Viscosity measure of organic waste water<br>
question (Frank Shields)<br>
<br><br>---------- Forwarded message ----------<br>From: Josh Kearns <<a href="mailto:yeah.yeah.right.on@gmail.com">yeah.yeah.right.on@gmail.com</a>><br>To: Discussion of biomass cooking stoves <<a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>><br>
Cc: <br>Date: Wed, 6 Feb 2013 16:36:57 -0500<br>Subject: Re: [Stoves] Characteristics of biochar was Re: [biochar] grassifier & cedar chip char<br>Crispin (or others) can you clarify this a little more - do the Glaser-Steiner wood gasifier and BBQ charcoals test high for PAHs because of post-manufacture additives? With BBQ charcoal, that could be lighter fluid, which could be naptha (-lene)?<div>
<br></div><div>Also, they reference an EPA method for PAH determination. Would that involve some kind of solvent extraction? If so is it an environmentally relevant analytical method? I assume folks have seen this paper:</div>
<div><br></div><div><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22321025" target="_blank">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22321025</a></div><div><br></div><div>suggesting leaching of PAHs and dioxins from biochars should not constitute an environmental problem.</div>
<div><br></div><div>Thoughts?</div><div><br></div><div>JK</div><div><br><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Wed, Feb 6, 2013 at 2:35 PM, Crispin Pemberton-Pigott <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:crispinpigott@gmail.com" target="_blank">crispinpigott@gmail.com</a>></span> wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div lang="EN-CA" link="blue" vlink="purple"><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Dear Tom<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Thanks for that:<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><a href="http://www.bacatec.de/dl/Ge09_Glaser-Steiner_engl.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.bacatec.de/dl/Ge09_Glaser-Steiner_engl.pdf</a><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">“</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"">A further criterion for the quality of biochar is the lack of contamination with both inorganic<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"">(e.g. heavy metals) and organic contaminants (e.g. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH),<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"">dioxins etc.). In this study, we could only evaluate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH,<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"">Fig. 4). Although chars from wood gasification are within the elemental composition and the<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"">black carbon thresholds, they exhibit extremely high PAH contents (Fig. 4). Therefore, they<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";background:aqua">are not suited for soil amendment</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif""> and thus, they cannot be classified as biochar. Surprisingly<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"">high PAH contents were also measured in the barbeque charcoals (Fig. 4) while all other<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"">investigated chars had low PAH contents (Fig. 4).”<u></u><u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none">
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif""><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Well, there’s a kick in the head. Why not? Because of chemicals manufactured in the process that were not there in the original fuel. That may explain a lot to some experimenters.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Regards<span><font color="#888888"><u></u><u></u></font></span></span></p>
<span><font color="#888888"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Crispin<u></u><u></u></span></p></font></span></div></div>
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<br></blockquote></div><br><br clear="all"><div><br></div>-- <br>Josh Kearns<br>PhD Candidate, Environmental Engineering<br>University of Colorado-Boulder<div>Visiting Researcher, North Carolina State University</div><div>
<br><div>Director of Science</div><div>Aqueous Solutions </div><div><a href="http://www.aqsolutions.org" target="_blank">www.aqsolutions.org</a></div><div><br></div><div>Mobile: <a href="tel:720%20989%203959" value="+17209893959" target="_blank">720 989 3959</a><br>
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<br><br>---------- Forwarded message ----------<br>From: "Crispin Pemberton-Pigott" <<a href="mailto:crispinpigott@gmail.com">crispinpigott@gmail.com</a>><br>To: "'Discussion of biomass cooking stoves'" <<a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>><br>
Cc: <br>Date: Wed, 6 Feb 2013 16:50:40 -0500<br>Subject: Re: [Stoves] Characteristics of biochar was Re: [biochar] grassifier & cedar chip char<br><div lang="EN-CA" link="blue" vlink="purple"><div><p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Dear Josh<u></u><u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">I understand that the PAH’s are manufactured from the CHO+H2O in the wood fuel. <u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">The right people to comment on the PAH extraction are Philip Lloyd and Frank. They measure these things. Philip, don’t you have a PAH meter of some kind?</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif""><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1f497d">>…</span>and BBQ charcoals test high for PAHs because of post-manufacture additives? <span style="color:#1f497d"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Kingsford has 6 ingredients but I am pretty sure that is not the source of the PAH content. They are pretty innocuous. Charcoal is not.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1f497d">></span>With BBQ charcoal, that could be lighter fluid, which could be naptha (-lene)?<span style="color:#1f497d"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">That is a possibility if there are ‘rapid lighting’ edges. Jellied petroleum, sometimes.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Regards<u></u><u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Crispin<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p></div></div><br><br>---------- Forwarded message ----------<br>From: "Frank Shields" <<a href="mailto:frank@compostlab.com">frank@compostlab.com</a>><br>
To: "'Discussion of biomass cooking stoves'" <<a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>><br>Cc: <br>Date: Thu, 7 Feb 2013 10:11:44 -0800<br>Subject: [Stoves] Kinematic Viscosity measure of organic waste water question<br>
<div lang="EN-US" link="blue" vlink="purple"><div><div><div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Dear Stovers,<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">I have been asked a few time to determine the kinematic viscosity of the remaining liquid from a methane production solution. <u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">These are new words for me and looking at equipment there seem to be many ways to determine viscosity and then calculators to convert to kinematic units. <u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">For this matrix and the range needed any suggestions on inexpensive equipment?<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">And what is the conversion from distance traveled of a liquid(?) to kinematic units? whatever that is.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Just looking into it to see if it’s something we want to do.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Thanks for any help<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Frank<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Frank Shields<u></u><u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Control Laboratories, Inc.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">42 Hangar Way<u></u><u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Watsonville, CA 95076<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><a href="tel:%28831%29%20724-5422" value="+18317245422" target="_blank">(831) 724-5422</a> tel<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><a href="tel:%28831%29%20724-3188" value="+18317243188" target="_blank">(831) 724-3188</a> fax<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><a href="http://www.biocharlab" target="_blank"><span style="color:blue">www.biocharlab</span></a>.com<u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p></div></div></div></div><br><br>---------- Forwarded message ----------<br>
From: "Crispin Pemberton-Pigott" <<a href="mailto:crispinpigott@gmail.com">crispinpigott@gmail.com</a>><br>To: "'Discussion of biomass cooking stoves'" <<a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>><br>
Cc: <br>Date: Thu, 7 Feb 2013 14:08:22 -0500<br>Subject: Re: [Stoves] Kinematic Viscosity measure of organic waste water question<br><div lang="EN-CA" link="blue" vlink="purple"><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Dear Frank<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">How much of it have you got?<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">I bet Frans has some solutions.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Regards<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Crispin<u></u><u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><div><div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Dear Stovers,<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">I have been asked a few time to determine the kinematic viscosity of the remaining liquid from a methane production solution. <u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">These are new words for me and looking at equipment there seem to be many ways to determine viscosity and then calculators to convert to kinematic units. <u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">For this matrix and the range needed any suggestions on inexpensive equipment?<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">And what is the conversion from distance traveled of a liquid(?) to kinematic units? whatever that is.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Just looking into it to see if it’s something we want to do.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Thanks for any help<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Frank<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Frank Shields<u></u><u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Control Laboratories, Inc.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">42 Hangar Way<u></u><u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Watsonville, CA 95076<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><a href="tel:%28831%29%20724-5422" value="+18317245422" target="_blank">(831) 724-5422</a> tel<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><a href="tel:%28831%29%20724-3188" value="+18317243188" target="_blank">(831) 724-3188</a> fax<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><a href="http://www.biocharlab" target="_blank">www.biocharlab</a>.com<u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p></div></div></div></div><br><br>---------- Forwarded message ----------<br>
From: "Frank Shields" <<a href="mailto:frank@compostlab.com">frank@compostlab.com</a>><br>To: "'Discussion of biomass cooking stoves'" <<a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>><br>
Cc: <br>Date: Thu, 7 Feb 2013 11:24:41 -0800<br>Subject: Re: [Stoves] Kinematic Viscosity measure of organic waste water question<br><div lang="EN-US" link="blue" vlink="purple"><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Dear Crispin,<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Any amount I tell them I need. I would think only a 50 mls would be enough for most of the equipment I have seen. They want this for what purpose? Perhaps to determine the pump energy needed to move from one location to another? Seems all that are producing methane to fuel stoves will need to pump liquids and this info would be useful for design.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Regards<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Frank <u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><div><div style="border:none;border-top:solid #b5c4df 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif""> Stoves [mailto:<a href="mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Crispin Pemberton-Pigott<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, February 07, 2013 11:08 AM<br><b>To:</b> 'Discussion of biomass cooking stoves'<br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [Stoves] Kinematic Viscosity measure of organic waste water question<u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div></div><p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Dear Frank<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">How much of it have you got?<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">I bet Frans has some solutions.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Regards<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Crispin<u></u><u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><div><div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Dear Stovers,<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">I have been asked a few time to determine the kinematic viscosity of the remaining liquid from a methane production solution. <u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">These are new words for me and looking at equipment there seem to be many ways to determine viscosity and then calculators to convert to kinematic units. <u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">For this matrix and the range needed any suggestions on inexpensive equipment?<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">And what is the conversion from distance traveled of a liquid(?) to kinematic units? whatever that is.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Just looking into it to see if it’s something we want to do.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Thanks for any help<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Frank<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Frank Shields<u></u><u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Control Laboratories, Inc.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">42 Hangar Way<u></u><u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Watsonville, CA 95076<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
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