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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body bgcolor=white lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Alex,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>I haven’t seen any complete TLUD char analyses. The Glaser groups seems to be making their gasification char in the Pyreg gasifier.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Tom <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><a name="_MailEndCompose"><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></a></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:windowtext'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:windowtext'> Stoves [mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Alex English<br><b>Sent:</b> Saturday, February 09, 2013 4:41 PM<br><b>To:</b> Discussion of biomass cooking stoves<br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [Stoves] Characteristics of biochar was Re: [biochar] grassifier & cedar chip char<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal>Crispin, Tom,<br><a href="http://www.ithaka-journal.net/certificate/european-biochar-certificate-v4.2-final2012.pdf">http://www.ithaka-journal.net/certificate/european-biochar-certificate-v4.2-final2012.pdf</a><br>This document includes a lengthier discussion of PAHs in char, including how some chars are used to bind them in soils, and that current methods for testing are problematic.<br><br>We have test results from chars that could be called ' wood gasification' char at levels below the 4mg/kg limit for 'premium biochar'.<br><br>The high PAH levels >1000mg/kg in wood gasification chars mentioned below needs a further explanation of the production method. Wood gasification is to vague.<br><br>Are there any PAH tests results for TLUD rice hull chars?<br><br>Alex<br><br><br><br>On 06/02/2013 2:35 PM, Crispin Pemberton-Pigott wrote:<o:p></o:p></p></div><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Dear Tom</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Thanks for that:</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><a href="http://www.bacatec.de/dl/Ge09_Glaser-Steiner_engl.pdf">http://www.bacatec.de/dl/Ge09_Glaser-Steiner_engl.pdf</a></span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>“</span><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>A further criterion for the quality of biochar is the lack of contamination with both inorganic</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>(e.g. heavy metals) and organic contaminants (e.g. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH),</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>dioxins etc.). In this study, we could only evaluate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH,</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>Fig. 4). Although chars from wood gasification are within the elemental composition and the</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>black carbon thresholds, they exhibit extremely high PAH contents (Fig. 4). Therefore, they</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";background:aqua;mso-highlight:aqua'>are not suited for soil amendment</span><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'> and thus, they cannot be classified as biochar. Surprisingly</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>high PAH contents were also measured in the barbeque charcoals (Fig. 4) while all other</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>investigated chars had low PAH contents (Fig. 4).”</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Well, there’s a kick in the head. Why not? Because of chemicals manufactured in the process that were not there in the original fuel. That may explain a lot to some experimenters.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Regards</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Crispin</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><br><br><br><o:p></o:p></p><pre>_______________________________________________<o:p></o:p></pre><pre>Stoves mailing list<o:p></o:p></pre><pre><o:p> </o:p></pre><pre>to Send a Message to the list, use the email address<o:p></o:p></pre><pre><a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a><o:p></o:p></pre><pre><o:p> </o:p></pre><pre>to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page<o:p></o:p></pre><pre><a href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org">http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org</a><o:p></o:p></pre><pre><o:p> </o:p></pre><pre>for more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see our web site:<o:p></o:p></pre><pre><a href="http://www.bioenergylists.org/">http://www.bioenergylists.org/</a><o:p></o:p></pre><pre><o:p> </o:p></pre></blockquote><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div></body></html>