<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML><HEAD>
<META content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv=Content-Type>
<STYLE type=text/css>P {
MARGIN: 0px
}
</STYLE>
<META name=GENERATOR content="MSHTML 8.00.6001.19394"></HEAD>
<BODY bgColor=#ffffff>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial>Dear Ron</FONT></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE
style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 2px solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial">----- Original Message ----- </DIV>
<DIV
style="FONT: 10pt arial; BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; font-color: black"><B>From:</B>
<A title=rongretlarson@comcast.net
href="mailto:rongretlarson@comcast.net">rongretlarson@comcast.net</A> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>To:</B> <A
title=stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org
href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">Discussion of biomass cooking
stoves</A> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Cc:</B> <A title=fost@ntc.net.np
href="mailto:fost@ntc.net.np">Kaji Sanu</A> ; <A title=fmkavita@yahoo.com
href="mailto:fmkavita@yahoo.com">Kavita Mary and Francis</A> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Sent:</B> Tuesday, February 12, 2013 8:17
PM</DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Subject:</B> Re: [Stoves] Energy content cow
dung</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">List,
Richard, etal<BR><BR> I started this note off thinking I would try
to prove that dung should not be used for cooking at all. In
googling, I found nothing (repeat nothing) good to be said about using
dung for cooking - except that it was sometimes necessary because there was
nothing else. The alternative of course is the tremendous
value of dung to improve soils. My guess is that almost
everywhere, that something can/should be planted for long term alternative
fuel supply not using dung. </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><STRONG>#
About 6 years ago, I introduced the concept of "Washing Dung." The idea was to
simply slurry the dung with water, and "filter off the 'wash water." This can
be done very easily. I forsee major benefits as follows:</STRONG></DIV>
<DIV style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><STRONG>1:
The washing would remove the soluble salts, including chlorides, , and as such
would virtually eliminate the potential for dioxin formation.</STRONG></DIV>
<DIV style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><STRONG>2:
Soluble nitrates, proteins, hormones and micro-nutrients would be removed in
forms that were most available to plants. </STRONG></DIV>
<DIV style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><STRONG>3:
Salts interfere with combustion, and their removal would permit better
combustion of the filter cake.</STRONG></DIV>
<DIV style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><STRONG>4:
Since the animals have digested the cellulostic fractions of the feed and
rejected the lignin fraction to the manure, the filter cake would have a
higher heating value per pound than wood or the original feed
materials.</STRONG></DIV>
<DIV
style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><STRONG></STRONG> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><STRONG>The
"Wash Water" would be a "Manure Tea", and as such, would be an excellent
fertilizer. The filter cake could be briquetted and </STRONG></DIV>
<DIV style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><STRONG>a: Be
used as a much easier burning and very much safer fuel</STRONG></DIV>
<DIV style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><STRONG>or
</STRONG></DIV>
<DIV style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><STRONG>b:
The filter cake could be charred, where the char was more valuable to the user
than the fuel value. </STRONG></DIV>
<DIV
style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><STRONG></STRONG> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"> We have
had recent discussion of Jatropha seeds for instance.<BR><BR> But
after looking at a lot of web material, an Australian site popped up for
improved cooking using a TLUD with dung. Many years ago I tried using
dung in Ethiopia with a TLUD and had zero success - so I was impressed.
The site is <BR> <A
href="https://www.engineeringforchange.org/news/2011/10/09/cooking_in_adelaide_with_experimental_dung_burning_stoves.html">https://www.engineeringforchange.org/news/2011/10/09/cooking_in_adelaide_with_experimental_dung_burning_stoves.html</A><BR></DIV>
<DIV style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><STRONG># The
washed dung, if briquetted and crumbled, to give void space, could turn out to
be a very good fuel for a TLUD stove.</STRONG></DIV>
<DIV style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><BR> It
probably is necessary to only view what they call Blog #4, but there are three
earlier - some showing the conversion of the dung into a fuel
shape. I could not tell from blog #4 what their eventual fuel
shape was, but maybe "cubes" of 4-5 cm size, if their starter material
was typical. I doubt that it was in the form of "patties" I liked
all I could tell about their TLUD, but think it could perhaps be improved with
primary air control.<BR><BR> The saved char certainly has more
value for soil improvement than the ash, if ash from typical non-TLUD stoves
is ever saved/used. </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><STRONG># The
major advantage of "Dung Washing" is that all the leached nutrients are in a
form that is more readily available to plants than they would be after
burning.</STRONG></DIV>
<DIV style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"> But it
is not clear to me that their input dung wouldn't have been better used for
composting with wood char being used (from the beginning - not added) with the
raw dung. </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><STRONG># As
I understand it, wood is the preferred fuel, and dung is only used as a fuel
when wood is unavailable or unaffordable. </STRONG></DIV>
<DIV style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">Not sure but
there seemed to be enough efficiency improvement with the TLUD over the three
stone, that they need not use more dung - and can still retain a good bit of
the dung's soil-nutritional value. </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><STRONG>#
with dung washing, most of the nutritional benefits of manure would probably
report to the wash water.</STRONG></DIV>
<DIV style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"> In this
note I am trying to emphasize using dung to replace fertilizer - a topic I
know little about, except I couldn't find a single place where dung use is
recommended for cooking.</DIV>
<DIV style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><STRONG>#
Anyone who has made "Manure Tea" would likely confirm its benefits as an
organic fertilizer. <BR><BR></STRONG> Contacting these clever Australian
students would probably lead now to even more information on the
dung-stove-soil nutrition topic. </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><STRONG>#
Perhaps they would be interested in dung washing, and developing a stove that
burned teh filter cake. By virtually eliminating teh dioxins in teh smoke from
an "unwashed dung fire", tehy would be bringing a great health benefit to the
"Washed Dung stove users."</STRONG></DIV>
<DIV style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">Best
wishes,</DIV>
<DIV style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"> </DIV>
<DIV
style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">Kevin <BR><BR>Ron<BR><BR></DIV>
<DIV style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">
<HR id=zwchr>
</DIV>
<DIV style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><B>From:
</B>"Richard Stanley" <rstanley@legacyfound.org><BR><B>To:
</B>"Discussion of biomass cooking stoves"
<stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org><BR><B>Cc: </B>"Kaji Sanu"
<fost@ntc.net.np>, "Kavita Mary and Francis"
<fmkavita@yahoo.com><BR><B>Sent: </B>Tuesday, February 12, 2013 2:37:52
PM<BR><B>Subject: </B>Re: [Stoves] Energy content cow dung<BR><BR>Dear
Sarabagya,<BR><BR>I have ccy'd your request to our good friends, and briquette
trainers' researchers, Mary and Francis Kavita who are based in Kenya. They
have trained Masaai in making nice smelling, clean burring dung blend fuel
briquettes ot in Masaailand a couple of years ago. ( They have also developed
similar blends for elephant dung blends in same and neighboring regions in
Kenya. <BR><BR>I also ccy it to Sanu Kaji of the Foundation for
Sustainable Technologies (FoST) in Thamel /Kathmandu as he is the resident
expert in briquette making there in you country (…and probably regionally as
well). Finally wanted to touch base also with Mzee Bob out there
in Northern Masaailand, it may also be useful to you as well in
that you are looking at dung burning now. As a replacement for wood (which was
probably far more obtainable when you began your work there), it made little
sense to go to the trouble to making briquettes-- but now ??<BR><BR>I'd trust
Mary and Francis skills implicitly: We trained then in 2001 and they have been
all over the nation and region in fact, training others on their own
steam under their own business since that time. We had some camel dung
blends they made, tested at the Kenya Industrial Research& Development
Institute (KIRDI) for a potential project up in Somaliland a couple of years
ago. <BR><BR>All the best (ukinaweza saida huyu jamaa, Francis,
ilikua mzuri , asante sana)<BR><BR>Richard Stanley(mzee
pia)<BR>www.legacyfound.org <BR><BR><BR><BR><BR>This may or may not be useful
to you buOn Feb 11, 2013, at 6:49 AM, Sarbagya Tuladhar wrote:<BR><BR>Hi
Bob,<BR><BR>Really interesting on the work regarding the Maasai stove for cow
dung. Can you provide me more information on the stove ? Dung burning for fuel
is a major problem here in South Nepal and we are exploring on ways to combat
them.<BR><BR>Cheers<BR><BR>Sarbagya Tuladhar<BR>Nepal<BR><BR>Sent from my
iPhone<BR><BR>On 11/02/2013, at 12:13 AM, rbtvl@aol.com wrote:<BR><BR>>
Some of the Maasai burn cow dung in their three stone fires and now burn it in
our stove and report it is okay and they use less just like the wood burning
folks. I want to do some analysis and need a reasonable estimate of
energy per mass of some average dung. Googling I got about 75% of the
energy density in hard wood fuel. Please send me info or sources on this.
Don't need to bore the whole list so use my email. Thanks <BR>> Bob.
Maasai Stoves and Solar. <BR>> Sent from my BlackBerry® smartphone
provided by Airtel Tanzania.<BR>>
_______________________________________________<BR>> Stoves mailing
list<BR>> <BR>> to Send a Message to the list, use the email
address<BR>> stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org<BR>> <BR>> to
UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page<BR>>
http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org<BR>>
<BR>> for more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see our
web site:<BR>> http://www.bioenergylists.org/<BR>>
<BR><BR>_______________________________________________<BR>Stoves mailing
list<BR><BR>to Send a Message to the list, use the email
address<BR>stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org<BR><BR>to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change
your List Settings use the web
page<BR>http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org<BR><BR>for
more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see our web
site:<BR>http://www.bioenergylists.org/<BR><BR><BR><BR>_______________________________________________<BR>Stoves
mailing list<BR><BR>to Send a Message to the list, use the email
address<BR>stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org<BR><BR>to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change
your List Settings use the web
page<BR>http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org<BR><BR>for
more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see our web
site:<BR>http://www.bioenergylists.org/<BR><BR></DIV>
<P>
<HR>
<P></P>_______________________________________________<BR>Stoves mailing
list<BR><BR>to Send a Message to the list, use the email
address<BR>stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org<BR><BR>to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change
your List Settings use the web
page<BR>http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org<BR><BR>for
more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see our web
site:<BR>http://www.bioenergylists.org/<BR><BR></BLOCKQUOTE></BODY></HTML>