Kevin,<br><br>Thanks very much for your reflection. Toward the end, you raise the interesting question: which is worth more, biochar as a fuel or biochar as an agricultural product? Let me come down strongly in favor of biochar as an agricultural product. At the end of the same presentation, I ask the question: what is the value of biochar when cattle put on 25% more weight than those in the control group, when enteric methane emissions from the same cattle are reduced by 42%, when mustard greens grow at a rate 400% faster than the control group, or when the same mustard greens have 40% less fiber and 35% more protein? About 20 experiments were carried put with rice hull biochar from my gasifiers, and all indicated much higher plant and animal growth. How then do we put a value on biochar, when current prices for biochar do not yet reflect this new reality? If we burn biochar, all goes up in a puff of smoke. If we use biochar in agriculture, we use a lot less feed and a lot less fertilizer for the same end result, and the benefits stay with us a very long time.<br>
<br>We stand in urgent need for a lot more biochar studies in a lot more agricultural settings. What we are trying to do at the moment is to understand why biochar has such a dramatic effect when used in agriculture. Yes, we can point to its pore structure, to its surface area, to its cation and anion exchange capacities, to its pH and to its water-holding capacity. But these elements alone do not give a complete picture. Over 20 years ago, Japanese scientists were pointing out how biochar promotes the growth of abuscular mycorrhizal fungi. I have a strong suspicion that these scientists were leading us in the right direction. So in some of the next biochar studies that Dr. Preston will conduct, he will focus on how biochar promotes the growth of AM fungi.<br>
<br>Thanks.<br>Paul<br><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Tue, Mar 19, 2013 at 11:57 AM, Kevin <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:kchisholm@ca.inter.net" target="_blank">kchisholm@ca.inter.net</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
<u></u>
<div bgcolor="#ffffff">
<div><font face="Arial">Dear Paul</font></div>
<div><font face="Arial"></font> </div>
<div><font face="Arial">Thanks very much for your very interesting slide
Presentation on your Stove, and the explanation of "Rice Hull Biochar and Fuel
Gas Production.Economics."</font></div>
<div><font face="Arial"></font> </div>
<div><font face="Arial">Basically, 1 kg of free rice hulls yields $US 0.24 worth
of pyrolysis gas for heating and 350 grams of Rice Hull Biochar worth about
$0.30 per kg, or say $ 0.10</font></div>
<div><font face="Arial"></font> </div>
<div><font face="Arial">A typical Vietnamese Family would consume about 1 MT of
Rice Hulls per year, producing pyrolysis gas for cooking, worth about $240, and
350 kG of Biochar worth about $100, total $350 per year in the value of cooking
energy + biochar sales per year.</font></div>
<div><font face="Arial"></font> </div>
<div><font face="Arial">If your #150 stove sold for $40, it could pay for
itself in less than 1/2 year, with sales of biochar alone, the value of the
pyrolysis gases for cooking would be the equivalent of about 1 bottle of LPG per
month, ie, an additional $22 per month of "free money." If the use of the
pyrolysis gas displaced the need to purchase 1 bottle of LPG per month, then
total savings would be about $22 + $8 = $30 per month, and the stove would
be paid for in less than 2 months. This indeed would be a very attractive money
making investment for the family.</font></div>
<div><font face="Arial"></font> </div>
<div><font face="Arial">The method of financing the stoves that you propose is
very attractive to the Typical Family, where a Charcoal Merchant would supply
the stove to the Family, and they would pay for the stove with the charcoal they
produced.</font></div>
<div><font face="Arial"></font> </div>
<div><font face="Arial">The above numbers indicate that, at $0.30 per kG, the
char production sells for $300 per MT.. If this was the value of the
char, when sold into the "Biochar market", what would be the value of the char
when sold into the "Charcoal Fuel market"?, If the value of the char
when sold into the "Biochar Market" was greater than its value when sold into
the Charcoal Fuel Market, then it would get used as biochar, but if it had more
value as Charcoal fuel, it would be advantageous to the Family to sell it into
the fuel market.</font></div>
<div><font face="Arial"></font> </div>
<div><font face="Arial">it looks like you have a very attractive Stove
Project!</font></div>
<div><font face="Arial"></font> </div>
<div><font face="Arial">Best wishes for every success!</font></div><span class="HOEnZb"><font color="#888888">
<div><font face="Arial"></font> </div>
<div><font face="Arial">Kevin</font></div>
</font></span><blockquote style="BORDER-LEFT:#000000 2px solid;PADDING-LEFT:5px;PADDING-RIGHT:0px;MARGIN-LEFT:5px;MARGIN-RIGHT:0px"><div class="im">
<div style="FONT:10pt arial">----- Original Message ----- </div>
<div style="FONT:10pt arial;BACKGROUND:#e4e4e4"><b>From:</b>
<a title="paul.olivier@esrla.com" href="mailto:paul.olivier@esrla.com" target="_blank">Paul
Olivier</a> </div>
<div style="FONT:10pt arial"><b>To:</b> <a title="stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org" href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">Discussion of biomass cooking
stoves</a> </div>
</div><div><div class="h5"><div style="FONT:10pt arial"><b>Cc:</b> <a title="biochar@yahoogroups.com" href="mailto:biochar@yahoogroups.com" target="_blank">biochar@yahoogroups.com</a> ; <a title="adrian@rocketworks.org" href="mailto:adrian@rocketworks.org" target="_blank">adrian@rocketworks.org</a> ; <a title="sonta@emerging.se" href="mailto:sonta@emerging.se" target="_blank">sonta@emerging.se</a>
; <a title="Ruben@ace.co.ls" href="mailto:Ruben@ace.co.ls" target="_blank">Ruben@ace.co.ls</a> ;
<a title="pkarve@arti-india.org" href="mailto:pkarve@arti-india.org" target="_blank">Priyadarshini Karve</a> </div>
<div style="FONT:10pt arial"><b>Sent:</b> Monday, March 18, 2013 9:08
PM</div>
<div style="FONT:10pt arial"><b>Subject:</b> Re: [Stoves] [biochar] First
report from Phnom Penh</div>
<div><br></div>Kevin,<br><br>Biochar can have significant value even in poor
countries. For example, here in Dalat rice hull biochar is used extensively as
a soil amendment. If a poor household can produce one kg of biochar per
day and sell it at a fair market price, this will cover the cost of the means
to produce it in less than a year. A lot more money has to be devoted to
biochar research in a variety of agricultural applications. Once farmers
understand the value of biochar with respect to the specific plants or animals
they grow, there will be a rush to produce it. The high-grade heat produced in
making biochar can be used for cooking, and as a by-product of biochar
production, it becomes available to the household free-of-charge. To waste
this heat, as some propose to do, is incredibly short-sighted. The sale of
biochar should be able to cover not only the cost of the biomass from which it
was derived, but in time it should also cover the means to produce it. That is
why I push hard against those who want to use biochar as a fuel.<br><br>Let us
suppose that a gasifier costs $50 US dollars. Let us suppose that a household
produces one kg of biochar per day at a value of only $0.20 US per kg. This
represents an income of about $6.00 US dollars per month. In less than a year
the cost of the gasifier is covered.<br><br>Here in Vietnam LPG sells for
about $22 US dollars per bottle. Some households consume up to two bottles of
LPG each month. This works out to a monthly fuel cost of $44 US dollars. This
reliance on fossil fuels is killing and has to stop.<br><br><a href="https://dl.dropbox.com/u/22013094/Paper/Presentations/Gasification.ppsx" target="_blank">https://dl.dropbox.com/u/22013094/Paper/Presentations/Gasification.ppsx</a><br>
<br>Thanks.<br>Paul<br><br>
<div class="gmail_quote">On Tue, Mar 19, 2013 at 12:05 AM, Kevin <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:kchisholm@ca.inter.net" target="_blank">kchisholm@ca.inter.net</a>></span> wrote:<br>
<blockquote style="BORDER-LEFT:#ccc 1px solid;MARGIN:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;PADDING-LEFT:1ex" class="gmail_quote"><u></u>
<div bgcolor="#ffffff">
<div><font face="Arial">Dear Ron</font></div>
<div><font face="Arial"></font> </div>
<div><font face="Arial">Thanks for your very interesting report to date on
"The Big Event."</font></div>
<div><font face="Arial"></font> </div>
<div><font face="Arial">I think that one thing that could be very helpful is a
Graph showing " Stove Price" versus "Potential Customers." Clearly, if a
person is earning say $1 per day, and the stove cost $70, this would be
equivalent to 70 days income. Here in Canada, where the minimum wage is $10
per hour, or $80 per day, a stove costing 70 days income would cost
$5,600.</font></div>
<div><font face="Arial"></font> </div>
<div><font face="Arial">Or, to look at it from the other direction, "What
price would a stove have to sell for, so that 90% of the World's Population
could afford to buy it"</font></div>
<div><font face="Arial"></font> </div>
<div><font face="Arial">Thanks!</font></div>
<div><font face="Arial"></font> </div>
<div><font face="Arial">Kevin</font></div>
<div> </div>
<blockquote style="BORDER-LEFT:#000000 2px solid;PADDING-LEFT:5px;PADDING-RIGHT:0px;MARGIN-LEFT:5px;MARGIN-RIGHT:0px">
<div>
<div style="FONT:10pt arial">----- Original Message ----- </div>
<div style="FONT:10pt arial;BACKGROUND:#e4e4e4"><b>From:</b> <a title="rongretlarson@comcast.net" href="mailto:rongretlarson@comcast.net" target="_blank">rongretlarson@comcast.net</a> </div>
<div style="FONT:10pt arial"><b>To:</b> <a title="stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org" href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">Discussion of
biomass</a> ; <a title="biochar@yahoogroups.com" href="mailto:biochar@yahoogroups.com" target="_blank">biochar</a> </div>
<div style="FONT:10pt arial"><b>Cc:</b> <a title="pkarve@arti-india.org" href="mailto:pkarve@arti-india.org" target="_blank">Priyadarshini Karve</a>
; <a title="psanders@ilstu.edu" href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu" target="_blank">,"paul anderson</a> ; <a title="crispinpigott@gmail.com" href="mailto:crispinpigott@gmail.com" target="_blank">Crispin
Pemberton-Pigott</a> ; <a title="Ruben@ace.co.ls" href="mailto:Ruben@ace.co.ls" target="_blank">Ruben@ace.co.ls</a> ; <a title="adrian@rocketworks.org" href="mailto:adrian@rocketworks.org" target="_blank">adrian@rocketworks.org</a> ; <a title="sonta@emerging.se" href="mailto:sonta@emerging.se" target="_blank">sonta@emerging.se</a> </div>
<div style="FONT:10pt arial"><b>Sent:</b> Monday, March 18, 2013 11:19
AM</div>
<div style="FONT:10pt arial"><b>Subject:</b> [biochar] First report from
Phnom Penh</div>
<div><br></div><span> </span> </div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<p></p>
<div style="FONT-FAMILY:Arial;FONT-SIZE:12pt">
<div>Hi to two lists (with 6 ccs)<br><br> 1.
This written at end of "first" day of conference. Actually the
official first GACC day is tomorrow, but today was also the second day of
pre-conference activities.. List members active on these two lists,
here (and shown on the "to" list), who I hope will add more are Priya
Karve, Paul Anderson and Crispin Pemberton-Piggott. I missed the
first day - Sunday - returning from Siem Reap - home of Angkor
Wat. This is definitely the most impressive world heritage
site I have seen or could imagine. Uniformly impressed by the
Cambodian people.<br><br></div> 2. My overall impression is
that very few attendees know much about biochar nor char-making
stoves. Of course most everyone knows something about stoves -
although I would guess that fewer than half have been involved for more
than a year or t wo Heard tonight that there are 650
registrants. Great conference facilities; no conference
registration fee and fair number of freebie meals, coffee-break treats
etc.
<div><br><br> 3. My first surprise char-making stove
encounter was with Sonta Kauti, a Zambian with "Emerging Cooking
Solutions" - whose stove can be seen at <a href="http://www.emerging.se" target="_blank">www.emerging.se</a>. I
have not yet seen the actual stove, nor yet know its pricing - but plan
more talks with Sonta<br><br></div> 4. Next was a short
encounter with Ruben Walker of "African Clean Energy" (see <a href="http://www.ace.co.ls/" target="_blank">http://www.ace.co.ls/</a>), now
manufacturing in Lesotho the "Philips" fan stove developed by Paul van der
Sluis (PvdS). This has been identified as having the best
performance characteristics so far tested. This was my first chance
to hold one - and it looks exceptionally well made. A surprise was
the set of 10 or 12 (?) flat ceramic liner pieces for the interior (maybe
1 cm thick??).&nb sp; Presumably long life time - being
non-metal. Ruben said one could hold the outside of the stove
after an hour of cooking -possible because there are four concentric
metal cylinders (three concentric air gaps). This stove is not
char making - but I remember hearing that PvdS regularly operates it as a
charcoal-maker. Cost in neighborhood of $70.
<div><br><br> 5. Later, at this evening's reception,
Mr. Adrian Padt of "Rocket Works" introduced himself (see <a href="http://www.rocketworks.org/" target="_blank">http://www.rocketworks.org/</a> - including photo of
Adrian). This is the stove with the interesting heavy wire mesh
exterior that we discussed a few months ago - also can be
held. This also looked exceptionally well made and
rugged. Cost in the neighborhood of $50. In addition to
the version seen at the site, they are now adding a door to better control
excess air.<br><br></div> 6. I attended a day-long session put on by
the World B ank and the Asian Development Bank.- the emphasis was on
country organizations in this region. Crispin was on what I thought
the best panel - on testing, etc. This is to hope that Priya, Paul,
and Crispin (and anyone else from these lists here in Phnom Penh) will
also add their early summary thoughts.
<div><br><br>Any questions I/we can try to
answer?<br><br>Ron<br></div></div>
<p></p>
<p></p></div>
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