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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body bgcolor=white lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Hi Kevin and All,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>I would like to suggest even another way of looking at things…<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>As an example of how the toolbox might work I will use a simple example. We have ten pellet STOVES and we want to determine in order of best to worst. Our means of ‘measuring success’ is the WBT. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>So we have the variable and the measurement. To make this work all the other variables in front of the LINE needs be controlled. The LINE is in order as below:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Fuel > Fuel Manipulation > STOVE > Utensils > Work Manipulation > Work Done (food, water, WPT, stack emissions etc)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>So to test a group of Pellet Stoves we need all variables before STOVES to be controlled. Fuel and Fuel Manipulation need be controlled. Then we have our variable- the STOVES. Then we determine success using the WBT so the Utensil and Work Manipulation need to be controlled and that is easy as it is part of the WBT. Not as easy if cooking rice is measure of success. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>How the Tool Box Works:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Fuel: The Pellet Fuel Institute has a rating system for pellet fuel. We test moisture, ash, density, energy, hardness, length & diameter, fines, chloride. Based on these results pellets are rated as Super Premium, Premium, Standard, and Utility. So we find the pellet fuel used in a part of India (where we are distributing the stoves) rates as Standard so we use in our labs pellets that are Standard Rating. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Fuel Manipulation: This is how the person operating the stove handles the fuel. For pellets it could be part of the stove having a hopper or worm drive feed. It could be filling a TLUD and tapping on ground twice or simply ‘following manufacturer instructions’. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>STOVES – our variable<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Utensil – copper bottom, cast iron, thin, size etc. For the WBT these are stated.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Work manipulation: How a person does the work. Moving pots, adding water, checking doneness etc. For the WBT this is already Controlled.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Work Done – WBT is our measure of success. Could have been stack emissions or a good tasty meal or fuel efficiency. But for this example we are using WBT. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'> When we are done testing the stoves and basing the results on the WBT we can rate the stoves as best to worst using this scheme.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Rating fuels is a big one. I think coal is already rated(?) and it should be easy to design a rating system for rice hull fuel, wood chips, and Richards briquettes. For biomass it becomes tricky as there are so many variables but to have this Tool Box work it must be done or that variable ‘noise’ will mask over any measure of success. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>So we can work on all parts at the same or different times but we cannot use the system until we have completed all the parts on the LINE *<b>before</b>* the Variable and the Measurement. Therefore a classification for Fuel is most important because nothing gets done until this is completed. Then how the fuel is handled should follow a specific protocol that simulates what’s done in the field (as Paul pointed out). <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Regards<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Frank <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> Stoves [mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Kevin<br><b>Sent:</b> Sunday, April 07, 2013 10:41 PM<br><b>To:</b> biochar@yahoogroups.com; Discussion of biomass cooking stoves; Hugh McLaughlin; Bob Fairchild<br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [Stoves] [biochar] Understanding FUEL EFFICIENCY vs Energy efficiency<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Dear Paul</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>I would like to suggest a different way of looking at things.... look at a stove through the eyes of the customer.</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>(The "Customer" is the person or Organization that pays the Manufacturer for the Stove.)</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>The fundamental question should be: "What does the Customer want?"</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Does the Customer want the stove to produce biochar?</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Does the Customer want the stove to have the least fuel input to accomplish a stated task?</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Does the Customer want to minimize products of combustion vented into the living space?</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Does the Customer want the stove to provide a space heating benefit for the stove user?</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Does the Customer want a stove that requires extended burn times between refuelling, and a minimum of attendance?</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Does the Customer want a single firing rate throughout the burn, OR, a "Two Level Firing Rate capability, OR a large range of firing capabilities?</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>etc....</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>"Efficiency" is basically a measure of "Resource Input to accomplish a desired task"</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>It is not the purpose of "testing" to promote a particular technology or philosophy, but rather, to measure the effectiveness of accomplishing a given task of importance to the Customer..</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>"The Customer is the King." Proper Testing Protocols should allow a Customer to test a range of stoves, under a variety of circumstances, so that he will be able to select the stove that best meets his requirements.</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Best wishes,</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Kevin</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><blockquote style='border:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 4.0pt;margin-left:3.75pt;margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>----- Original Message ----- <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:#E4E4E4'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> <a href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu" title="psanders@ilstu.edu">Paul Anderson</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>To:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> <a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org" title="stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">Discussion of biomass cooking stoves</a> ; <a href="mailto:wastemin1@verizon.net" title="wastemin1@verizon.net">Hugh McLaughlin</a> ; <a href="mailto:solarbobky@yahoo.com" title="solarbobky@yahoo.com">Bob Fairchild</a> ; <a href="mailto:biochar@yahoogroups.com" title="biochar@yahoogroups.com">biochar@yahoogroups.com</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Sent:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> Monday, April 08, 2013 1:50 AM<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Subject:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> [biochar] Understanding FUEL EFFICIENCY vs Energy efficiency<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p><div id=ygrp-mlmsg><div id=ygrp-msg><div id=ygrp-text><p style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'>Dear Stovers and Biochar makers,<br><br>We are NOT sufficiently emphasizing that TLUDs/char-maker stoves can use <br>fuel other than stick wood. When burning briquettes and pellets and <br>cobs and shells (which most other stoves cannot burn very well), we are <br>NOT burning tree-sourced fuel.<br><br>Crispin correctly says that a kg of wood in and pyrolyzed is no longer <br>wood, and therefore is FUEL used, and that relates to FUEL Efficiency. <br>TLUDs can consume more wood because they are converting some of that <br>wood into charcoal. That is different from ENERGY efficiency, which <br>can allow calculations for the energy in the charcoal that is not used.<br><br>Especially in char-making stoves, energy efficiency is better than the <br>fuel efficiency IF USING WOOD. But if the fuel is not wood, then the <br>WOOD-FUEL efficiency is 100% (none was burned in the cooking of the <br>meal), and the ENERGY efficiency might be very good, while the FUEL <br>efficiency (burning ag residues, dung, etc) might be low in comparison <br>with other stoves, but no trees were cut or burned.<br><br>About the above, there will need to be some education given to the stove <br>community (including GACC and manufacturers and governments). WHAT fuel <br>is burned does make a difference if FUEL efficiency is an important <br>criteria when evaluating stoves.<br><br>Just because wood is the traditional fuel used in stove testing does not <br>mean that stoves that can also burn OTHER biomass should be judged on <br>the WOOD-FUEL efficiency calculations. For places like Haiti, Rwanda, <br>and many large zones of numerous large countries, to be able to cook <br>WITHOUT FOREST DEGRADATION should be a major reason for choosing TLUD <br>stoves.<br><br>Having written about this here does not mean that the message has <br>reached the decision makers and those who report test results on <br>cookstoves. And the makers of "stick-wood-burning stoves" are unlikely <br>to want to tell this message to others.<br><br>Because the GACC is about stoves AND FUELS, I hope that proper <br>recognition can be given in the discussions and decisions about the <br>stoves that can have 100% avoidance of cutting wood, if that is important.<br><br>Paul<br><br>-- <br>Paul S. Anderson, PhD aka "Dr TLUD"<br>Email: <a href="mailto:psanders%40ilstu.edu">psanders@ilstu.edu</a> Skype: paultlud Phone: +1-309-452-7072<br>Website: <a href="http://www.drtlud.com">www.drtlud.com</a><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:white'>__._,_.___<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=4 cellpadding=0><tr><td style='border:solid #EAEAEA 1.0pt;background:#F2F2F2;padding:5.25pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:15.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:7.5pt;margin-left:0in'><b><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:white'><a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/biochar/post;_ylc=X3oDMTJybjg1a290BF9TAzk3MzU5NzE0BGdycElkAzIyNDM4MDUyBGdycHNwSWQDMTcwNzQxODYxMgRtc2dJZAMxNDg3NQRzZWMDZnRyBHNsawNycGx5BHN0aW1lAzEzNjUzOTY2NDk-?act=reply&messageNum=14875"><span style='color:#2D50FD;text-decoration:none'>Reply via web post</span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></b></p></td><td 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