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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link="#0563C1" vlink="#954F72"><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>Dear Crispin,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>Not sure where to start but I am going to suggest a very different approach to determine efficiencies. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>1) We need to eliminate variables in the Fuel if we are ever to get control. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>2) Variables pertaining to HHV to LHV are uncontrollable as we do not know if heat between the two (condensation) may be used in the task (if I am understanding this correctly). <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>3) Moisture (and other constituents) in the fuel used when testing a stove is controlled with a classification system of the fuels. Using such-n-such fuel we get….<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>4) Guessing if something is torrefied wood or char is too great a variable to be guessing.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>5) All the testing required should be on-site and easy when following the fuel energy.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>So my suggestion is to forget all the water (moisture, HHV, LHV condensation etc). Forget ash and everything except Carbon. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>So we follow the Carbon. (nice to have hydrogen but that starts much less than carbon energy in biomass and goes to nothing as it chars).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>Efficiency is: Carbon used / Task completed. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>We need an on-site test to determine carbon in starting fuel and fuel remaining in stove. Never done this but thinking one could squelch left over fuel after the first task, grind it and place a known weigh in a container where oxygen is drawn through to get complete combustion. The gasses drawn through 1N NaOH to collect for the CO2 calculation (titration) or CO2 meter. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>Using more elaborate testing in a lab the Carbon used could be converted to dry fuel, received fuel, truck loads anything else. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>Frank<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D'>Thanks <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D'>Frank Shields<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D'>BioChar Division<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D'>Control Laboratories, Inc. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D'>42 Hangar Way<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D'>Watsonville, CE 95076<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D'>(831) 724-5422 tel<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D'>(81) 724-3188 fax<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D'><a href="mailto:frank@biocharlabs.com"><span style='color:blue'>frank@biocharlabs.com</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D'>www.controllabs.com<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> Stoves [mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Crispin Pemberton-Pigott<br><b>Sent:</b> Monday, April 22, 2013 7:48 AM<br><b>To:</b> 'Discussion of biomass cooking stoves'<br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [Stoves] FW: REQUEST for complete sets of raw data of cookstove tests.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><span lang=EN-CA>Dear Jim and Anyone watching<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoPlainText><span lang=EN-CA><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoPlainText><span lang=EN-CA>I won't have time to dig through the messages on this thread that were in limbo. If something is really important to someone, ask again.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoPlainText><span lang=EN-CA><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoPlainText><span lang=EN-CA>With regard to the char remaining and the wood that has been burned on one end (fuel left over from tests) Harold Annegarn and I have a proposal for how to deal with stoves that can use fuel remaining from a previous burn. In principle, the test should be started with the fuel left over from a previous test. In other words a cooking task that is replicated a number of times in which the fuel left over goes into the stove for the subsequent task provides an opportunity to measure (quite accurately) the raw fuel drawn from the pile.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoPlainText><span lang=EN-CA><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoPlainText><span lang=EN-CA>Any charcoal that is not being discarded and all partially burned, dried, blackened stoves that are claimed to be useable fuel, not discarded, should be used. If new fuel is needed (which it will be) then that new fuel is raw fuel. It becomes quite a simple matter to measure how much new fuel is required for each identical replication of a task.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoPlainText><span lang=EN-CA><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoPlainText><span lang=EN-CA>The issue is discussed in the attached document in '1. Replications'.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoPlainText><span lang=EN-CA><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoPlainText><span lang=EN-CA>A number of definitions are provided in the subsequent sections that are useful for discussing tests and efficiencies.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoPlainText><span lang=EN-CA><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoPlainText><span lang=EN-CA>Importantly, if a stove cannot use any of the fuel remaining (an example might be a TLUD wood burner that makes a high % of char) the energy in the remaining fuel cannot legitimately be counted as cooking fuel - because it can't be used <i>in that stove</i> for cooking.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoPlainText><span lang=EN-CA><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoPlainText><span lang=EN-CA>It then becomes and easy matter to determine the raw fuel consumption per cycle for that task.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoPlainText><span lang=EN-CA><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoPlainText><span lang=EN-CA>Regards<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoPlainText><span lang=EN-CA>Crispin<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoPlainText><span lang=EN-CA><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div></body></html>