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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Hi Paul,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>After a wild fire a group for trail repairing I was involved with was first allowed to enter. It was tough going as we walked we would fall through a hole where the roots burned underground and still smoldering a couple weeks after the fire had been put out. I think this is where the biochar is made. Also; in the lab testing biochar the char dust will go through the finest of filter papers to need be later cleaned before introduction to lab instruments. Travel with water? Perhaps or just disappear into the soil structure. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Regards<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Frank<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Thanks <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Frank Shields<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>BioChar Division<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Control Laboratories, Inc. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>42 Hangar Way<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Watsonville, CE 95076<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>(831) 724-5422 tel<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>(81) 724-3188 fax<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><a href="mailto:frank@biocharlabs.com"><span style='color:blue'>frank@biocharlabs.com</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>www.controllabs.com<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> Stoves [mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Paul Olivier<br><b>Sent:</b> Saturday, April 20, 2013 4:41 PM<br><b>To:</b> Discussion of biomass cooking stoves<br><b>Subject:</b> [Stoves] Fwd: Biochar is making its way into the oceans, apparently<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><i>Most of the charcoal in nature is from wild fires and combustion of biomass in general. When charcoal forms it is typically deposited in the soil.“ From a chemical perspective, no one really thought it dissolves, but it does,” Jaffé says. “It doesn’t accumulate like we had for a long time believed. Rather, it is transported into wetlands and rivers, eventually making its way to the oceans.”</i><br><br>If biomass is burned, and if afterwards the charcoal from this burning remains on the surface of the ground, how is it supposed to accumulate in the soil? How is charcoal "typically deposited in the soil" from a wild fire? Wildfires do not till the soil and mix in char in a uniform manner. <br><br>If biochar is properly mixed into the top soil through human activity, this is an entirely different matter. It seems likely that it would be washed away in a large rainfall event only if the top soil in which it were incorporated were washed away.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Thanks.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Paul Olivier<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'>---------- Forwarded message ----------<br>From: <b>Crispin Pemberton-Pigott</b> <<a href="mailto:crispinpigott@gmail.com">crispinpigott@gmail.com</a>><br>Date: Sun, Apr 21, 2013 at 5:55 AM<br>Subject: [Stoves] Biochar is making its way into the oceans, apparently<br>To: Discussion of biomass cooking stoves <<a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>><br><br><o:p></o:p></p><div><div><p><span lang=EN-CA>Dear Friends of Biochar<o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span lang=EN-CA> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span lang=EN-CA>This will probably be of interest. I am posting here because of the biochar enthusiasm and because I am not subscribed to any biochar lists. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span lang=EN-CA> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span lang=EN-CA>Regards<o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span lang=EN-CA> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span lang=EN-CA>Crispin<o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span lang=EN-CA> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span lang=EN-CA>+++++++<o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span lang=EN-CA> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span lang=EN-CA>Copied from<o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span lang=EN-CA><a href="http://wattsupwiththat.com/2013/04/19/something-else-to-worry-about-carbon-i" target="_blank">http://wattsupwiththat.com/2013/04/19/something-else-to-worry-about-carbon-i</a>n-the-water/#more-84542<o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span lang=EN-CA> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span lang=EN-CA>“…According to the authors, the results imply that greater consideration must be given to carbon sequestration techniques (the process of capture and long-term storage of atmospheric carbon dioxide). Biochar addition to soils is one such technique. Biochar technology is based on vegetation-derived charcoal that is added to agricultural soils as a means to store carbon.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span lang=EN-CA> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span lang=EN-CA>Although promising in storing carbon, Jaffé points out that as more people implement biochar technology, they must take into consideration the potential dissolution of the charcoal to ensure these techniques are actually environmentally friendly.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span lang=EN-CA> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span lang=EN-CA>Jaffé and Dittmar agree that there are still many unknowns when it comes to the environmental fate of charcoal, and both plan to move on to the next phase of the research. They have proven where the charcoal goes. Next, they want to answer how this happens and what the environmental consequences are.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span lang=EN-CA>The better scientists can understand the processes and the environmental factors controlling it, the better the chance of developing strategies for carbon sequestration and help mitigate climate change.”<o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span lang=EN-CA> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span lang=EN-CA>Source: <a href="http://www.mpg.de/7112434/charcoal_oceans" target="_blank">http://www.mpg.de/7112434/charcoal_oceans</a><o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><br>_______________________________________________<br>Stoves mailing list<br><br>to Send a Message to the list, use the email address<br><a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br><br>to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page<br><a href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br><br>for more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see our web site:<br><a href="http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/" target="_blank">http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/</a><br><br><o:p></o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><br><br clear=all><br>-- <br>Paul A. Olivier PhD<br>26/5 Phu Dong Thien Vuong<br>Dalat<br>Vietnam<br><br>Louisiana telephone: 1-337-447-4124 (rings Vietnam)<br>Mobile: 090-694-1573 (in Vietnam)<br>Skype address: Xpolivier<br><a href="http://www.esrla.com/" target="_blank">http://www.esrla.com/</a> <o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div></div></body></html>