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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-CA link="#0563C1" vlink="#954F72"><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>Dear Frank<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>Those are all good points. Considering that we are not really in a position to include biochar industry standards in a stove performance test, and because there are clearly other applications someone might put the char remaining to (use it as a fuel in any of several types of device) it is only going to include a reference to this new type of stove and byproduct. We cannot load a standard with restrictions that stifle innovation or to not handle known issues well. If a stove produces fuel, it can be argued that some consideration of that fuel’s energy value be given. If someone else wants to use that fuel for another purpose, that is their choice. This will probably the first standard drafted with a reference to biochar and containing any ‘advantage’ for producing it.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>Regards<br>Crispin<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0mm 0mm 0mm'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-US>From:</span></b><span lang=EN-US> Stoves [mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Frank Shields<br><b>Sent:</b> Monday, May 06, 2013 12:04 PM<br><b>To:</b> 'Discussion of biomass cooking stoves'<br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [Stoves] Definition of char-making appliance<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='color:#1F497D'>Dear Crispin,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='color:#1F497D'>We need first to define ‘char’. A stove that ends producing black torrefied wood is not a char maker, just a very poor stove. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='color:#1F497D'>That definition I suggest as the IBI does as “ > 60% of the DAF being carbon with H/C ratio < 0.7”. OR my lower cost suggestion “loss in weight under no-oxygen conditions at >450c to be less than a specified percentage”. Say less than 10% of the DAF fraction. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='color:#1F497D'>Biochar is more than just the black stuff left over there should be a qualifier attached. I think the char used for cooking (street vender for example) could have more volatiles left over than biochar used for soils. It gets complicated. Street vender char makes a very poor biochar used for soils. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='color:#1F497D'>Regards<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='color:#1F497D'>Frank<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D'>Thanks <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div></body></html>