<html xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:m="http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><head><meta http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; charset=us-ascii"><meta name=Generator content="Microsoft Word 15 (filtered medium)"><style><!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:"Cambria Math";
panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:Calibri;
panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{margin:0mm;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
{mso-style-priority:99;
color:blue;
text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
{mso-style-priority:99;
color:purple;
text-decoration:underline;}
span.hoenzb
{mso-style-name:hoenzb;}
span.EmailStyle18
{mso-style-type:personal-reply;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D;}
.MsoChpDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
@page WordSection1
{size:612.0pt 792.0pt;
margin:72.0pt 72.0pt 72.0pt 72.0pt;}
div.WordSection1
{page:WordSection1;}
--></style><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapedefaults v:ext="edit" spidmax="1026" />
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapelayout v:ext="edit">
<o:idmap v:ext="edit" data="1" />
</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-CA link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>Dear Friends<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>For anyone having trouble top lighting any small fuel particles I can attest to the following:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>Place the fuel in the usual manner into the chamber and create a conical depression in the very centre. If you want to use kerosene, either soak it into small pieces of wood, or place (pour) the two or so capfuls you will need almost entirely into the centre of the conical depression, making sure that most of it soaks into the middle and dribbles down the centre. It takes time to evaporate and places the flame in the low centre (which is idea). If using the soaked wood (baby finger sized) put it mostly in the centre of the depression as well.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>Ignite it at the centre point. The flames will be reasonably restricted to the centre. Because of the conical shape of the fuel pile, the flames in the centre will tend to light the whole surface of the fuel much better than if it has a flame rising away from a flat surface.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>For the liquid fuel (usually paraffin but it could be wax) the concentration in the centre means that a flame accelerated by the easily burned fuel is always in a position to do the most heating. Having a huge rapid fire rise from the whole surface does not do nearly as good a job as having a continuous fire at the bottom of a conical depression heating its sides.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>Further – if you have secondary air control, close it before starting the fire so as much air as possible is drawn through the fuel bed during the critical ignition period. Fire follows air. If the air is from below, the fire will develop ‘into the fuel bed’ much more easily than if there is heat applied from above and air from the side. This is critical to getting a fire started with a minimum of time and flaming agent.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>If you have controllable primary air, you should therefore keep it open fully during the ignition phase. Once the fire is definitely going well, close the primary air and open the secondary. It should jump into the pyrolysing mode and burn the available gases. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>The power level is of course set by control of the primary air. Any stove that is going to perform will should be capable of turning off the primary air completely at will. In some cases the secondary air does not need to be controlled at all except in the very beginning.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>The recently developed Anglo Supra Nova (ASN) uses a lighting cone that allows for top-lighting the charcoal and uses the cone to bypass (block, actually) the secondary air ports. This forces all air to come through the fuel bed, resulting in a TLUD ignition during the early stages of the fire. The smoke is thus negligible. Primary air is fully open during ignition.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>The removal of the cone after perhaps 5 minutes simultaneously opens the airflow through the secondary air holes and immediately reduces the primary air draw. For this reason (draft power is split between primary and secondary) it is difficult to light an ASN without a cone (well, more difficult in that it takes longer).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>I have just received a couple of reports from Laos where the ASN has been copied by SNV with, apparently, so much success they are rolling it out over a wider area. I expect to hear something from GERES in the near future about that as well. The technologies were both demonstrated to small audiences at the GERES lab in Phnom Penh during the GACC conference in March. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>The stove technology was developed by the WB-CSI programme working at YDD (Yayasan Dian Desa) in Yogyakarta in Oct-Dec 2012 and test marketed in early 2013. The lighting cone was developed with Peter Coughlin in Maputo and New Dawn Engineering. It is used in its current format/profile to light the POCA stove. They are now produced near Borobadur and in Yogyakarta.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>The lighting cone has been tested successfully on several completely different types of stoves including with damp wood where it dramatically lower smoke emissions into the kitchen area on Sumba Island, Indonesia. It can be used on any TLUD as a draft-inducer and I recommend everyone give it a try. To be most successful, the outside diameter of the cone’s bottom should be slightly smaller than the inside diameter of the pyrolysation chamber, and should extend down far enough to pass (bypass/block) the secondary air entrances. Again, the reason for doing this is to pull all air in the very beginning upwards through the fuel bed. This causes the fire to develop rapidly downwards producing the essential pyrolysis zone much faster than is possible by leaving it on its own. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>As this is a lighting technique and a ‘draft booster’ is it not clear how to assess this as part of a stove function. I suggest that the written instructions that come with a stove include references to the conical depression, the placement of the ignition materials and the lighting cone so testers will use them. It is a significant element of a clean, fast and hot start to a TLUD.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>In the case of TLUD stoves with chimneys, it is usually not necessary to provide a cone, only to close secondary and open primary air ports during the first few minutes. For all space heating stoves that have a chimney, the placing of a heat exchanger after the cooking area, usually a box-like structure tacked on the side of the combustion area, should have an <i>open</i> bypass (that <i>cannot</i> be closed) to assist the development of draft early in the fire. A suggested dimension for such a bypass is 40mm to 50mm square. Once the fire develops, this ‘leak’ is not significant and ensures the chimney is work well at all scales of firepower. As the gas volume increases, it simply pushes into the heat exchanger. The GTZ 7 series stove uses this approach and is one of the reasons for its rapid and clean lighting cycle (about 10-12 minutes long for 8 kW). Complete drawings of that stove are available in the Library at New Dawn Engineering .com. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>The heat exchanger can be made slightly larger to compensate for this heat ‘bleed’ into the chimney resulting in the same target efficiency (say, 80-85%) but with a stable chimney draw, absent a fan. The function of this design detail is to produce the same effect as having a lighting cone. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>Attached: Lighting an Anglo Supra Nova (which has preheated secondary air and fully controllable primary air) using only wood and a lighting cone. The cone must not be placed immediately on the wood fire – let it get going a little then ease the cone onto it to ensure the draft does not blow out the fire. During the ignition sequence, the emissions look like the third photo which really does have a roaring TLUD fire inside it!<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>Regards<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>Crispin<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></body></html>