<html xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:m="http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><head><meta http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"><meta name=Generator content="Microsoft Word 15 (filtered medium)"><style><!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:"Cambria Math";
panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:Calibri;
panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{margin:0mm;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
{mso-style-priority:99;
color:#0563C1;
text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
{mso-style-priority:99;
color:#954F72;
text-decoration:underline;}
span.EmailStyle17
{mso-style-type:personal;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:windowtext;
font-weight:normal;
font-style:normal;
text-decoration:none none;}
span.EmailStyle18
{mso-style-type:personal;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#7030A0;
font-weight:bold;}
span.EmailStyle19
{mso-style-type:personal;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle20
{mso-style-type:personal;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#7030A0;
font-weight:bold;}
span.EmailStyle21
{mso-style-type:personal-reply;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D;}
.MsoChpDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
font-size:10.0pt;}
@page WordSection1
{size:612.0pt 792.0pt;
margin:72.0pt 72.0pt 72.0pt 72.0pt;}
div.WordSection1
{page:WordSection1;}
--></style><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapedefaults v:ext="edit" spidmax="1026" />
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapelayout v:ext="edit">
<o:idmap v:ext="edit" data="1" />
</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-CA link="#0563C1" vlink="#954F72"><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>Dear Frank<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>Good questions, all.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:14.0pt;color:#7030A0'>50 grams per cu meter is a lot of stuff. I wonder what a cigarette is? </span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:14.0pt;color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='color:#1F497D'>Really high! And lots of CO too.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:14.0pt;color:#1F497D'>></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:14.0pt;color:#7030A0'>So all the heat that goes in the room is ‘good’ heat and that leaving the room is lost heat to do the calculations? </span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:14.0pt;color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='color:#1F497D'>Anything that is lost up the chimney is gone so the point at which the stove pipe leaves the room is relevant. I have seen a drop in temperature between the stove and the roofline of 300 C so it is a powerful heat exchanger.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:14.0pt;color:#1F497D'>></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:14.0pt;color:#7030A0'>Is the height where the inside-outside heat standard or site specific? </span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:14.0pt;color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='color:#1F497D'>It is site-specific but as the intended audience is in gers (yurts) the height is very constant. It is about 2.7 metres from the floor. The chimney is typically 3 metres long and sits on the top of the stove so depending on the stove height, the amount of chimney poking into the sky is about 1 metre. Generally speaking all stoves have chimneys that are too large in diameter. That is interesting.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:14.0pt;color:#7030A0'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:14.0pt;color:#1F497D'>></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:14.0pt;color:#7030A0'>The compressor taking in CO2 free air is making the dilution? </span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:14.0pt;color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='color:#1F497D'>The compressor compresses air. It is filtered to 0.01 µm and put through a CO2 and water vapour adsorber, filtered again and then sued in the diluter. It is very simple and effective. The dew point is -100 F. The CO2 is <1 ppm. The O2 is much higher, about 33% which was interesting to see.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:14.0pt;color:#1F497D'>></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:14.0pt;color:#7030A0'>What is used to scrub the CO2 from the air? </span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:14.0pt;color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='color:#1F497D'>I think it is a metal matrix of some kind. It does not get used up. There are two units and they are cycled. One breathes with ‘wash air’ or ‘sweep gas’ as it is termed. The other is under pressure for 30 seconds.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:14.0pt;color:#7030A0'>The CO2 produced is measured real time(?) using IR detection? <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:14.0pt;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='color:#1F497D'>Yes. Two channels in parallel, one for the stack and one for the diluter.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:14.0pt;color:#7030A0'>If CO2 is produced at varying concentrations as the fuel combusts how is it used as a measure of air dilution? <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:14.0pt;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='color:#1F497D'>The CO2 in the stack is measured. Whatever the CO2 in the diluter is at the time is compared with the stack concentration and a mathematical correction is made to consider that some of the stack CO2 (and therefore a % of the diluter CO2) came from the ambient air. Stack/Diluter = dilution factor.</span><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>We run the dilution between 4 and 300 with 10 being typical.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>It has to be high enough (using dry air) to prevent condensation (formation of fog) in the sample so the particle does not think it is PM. This is calculated based on the moisture content of the fuel and the hydrogen content that forms moisture when burned. The system can deal with 140 gm of water vapour per cubic metre of gases. That is a humidity ratio (by mass) of about 13%.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>Regards<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>Crispin<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div></body></html>