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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body bgcolor=white lang=EN-CA link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>Dear Paul<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>I just got this message from Cecil Cook who has been working on the World Bank clean stove initiative (CSI) in Indonesia.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>“</span>About half of the biomass burned during certain seasons of the year come from the fields: corns stalks, tobacco stalks, and pepper bushes.”<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>Consider that the combustion of tobacco stalks is going to give a very different smoke profile than teak or pepper bushes or corn stover.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoListParagraph style='text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>1.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><![endif]>The item correctly names coal burning stoves as a problem. But I will anticipate Crispin's rely by saying that I agree with Crispin that there are not bad fuels, just bad stoves. And that the breakthroughs about improved coal burning stoves are just starting to become known and they need further research. <br><br><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>Improved coal stoves producer <i>far</i> fewer condensed volatile particles. This is so obvious that we can actually demonstrate it with the first filter that is used to get the gas samples clean down to 1 micron. A viscous sticky mass coats the filters. We can wash it off using paint thinners and when dried on a surface, it is honey-link, sticky gunk. The far cleaner cross draft and TLUD stoves are able to run the whole test without making a detectable difference to the 1 micron filter.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><br>2. Remember, there are many different types of coal, so look for successful clean burning for a specific stove with a specific type of coal, and celebrate and advocate that success, rather than dwell upon the NON-successes of other stoves with other types of coal. <br><br><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>Improved coal stoves obviously need fuel that is ‘burnable’ meaning there are issues related to the coal contents in some places, not others. While there is often a knee-jerk complaint about ‘coal contains mercury’ there is mercury in all soil, so we expect it in coal. The major source of airborne mercury is the oceans and in the atmosphere there are completely unknown mercury cycles that on occasion remove it entirely from swaths of the atmosphere as is shown at the monitoring station at Cape Point, South Africa (referred to previously). Mongolian coals have very little mercury and the highly polluted city air has unusually low mercury levels. The popular Nalaikh coal has uranium in it and after combusting, the ash could even be processed to recover it economically. The coal, not, but the ash, yes. I asked about this last week.</span><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><br>4. Crispin has experience with coal burning stoves in Mongolia. Some are TLUDs. Claims are that some are quite clean burning. GETTING THIS INFORMATION AVAILABLE TO ALL OF US SHOULD BE ONE OF THE PRIMARY OBJECTIVES OF THE GACC AND ACESS. <span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>You have to be careful about this. The City of Ulaanbaatar is testing stoves but they own the results of the tests and they are not releasing them. They are used to rate the performance of stoves as acceptable or unacceptable for subsidy. We have no right to this information on a per-manufacturer, per-model basis. You could of course do your own tests. You can judge from the criteria (referenced earlier) that the improvement over the baseline is profound and the difference in the city air quality was measurable in the first year of partial replacement of the stoves (about ½ or less). <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>Something to consider is that if coal burning produced no particles, would objections to burning it on a domestic basis wane? I think not. There is too much inertia in the anti-coal movement, particularly from pro-natural gas people. There is a lot of money at stake. The result is that the efforts to provide much cleaner solutions for the millions of people who depend on coal to stay alive will remain on a back burner or will be done out of the mainstream, as it has been to date.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>Something worth noting is that if the improved coal stoves in Ulaanbaatar were plotted on the ‘stove inventory’ chart they would all be in the bottom left corner of Tier 4, well below all of the biomass stoves on the chart.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>In the lab last week we were noticing our own comments on the PM measurements of the best stoves. We no longer talk about the stoves producing zero PM2.5 – that is now a ‘given’. We are commenting on the ability of the stove to scrub the <i>ambient PM</i> out of the air – whether the stove can remove it completely or not. Let me say that again: Some stoves are, some of the time literally cleaning 100% of the PM2.5 out of the ambient air and emitting gases that are better than HEPA-filter-clean <i>while burning wet lignite</i>. Some cross draft stove can do it continuously, once hot.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>That such technologies are not included in the stove inventory, deliberately omitted because the fuel is coal, is stunning.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>Regards<br>Crispin<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div></body></html>