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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>A rice mill in Mali used a Chinese downdraft gasifier for generating power for many years. I didn’t know about it until after I visited Bamako.<a name="_MailEndCompose"> It is likely that it was pretty crude and robust because we kept hearing about it up to the mid-1990s. I don’t know if it is still in operation. Crispin sent us pictures of a rice husk gasifier in Cambodia. <o:p></o:p></a></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>We got into extensive discussions about amorphous and crystalline silica in rice husks when evaluating its impact on a boiler in Thailand. The80-90% amorphous silica number is one that is repeated on the internet but not necessarily substantiated in literature. According to one source, “at burning temperatures of 550 C – 800C, amorphous silica is formed, but at higher temperatures crystalline silica is produced.”<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Tom<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'> <o:p></o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> Stoves [mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Richard Stanley<br><b>Sent:</b> Friday, June 14, 2013 12:03 PM<br><b>To:</b> Discussion of biomass cooking stoves<br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [Stoves] rice husk pellets<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal> Paul,<o:p></o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal>Good insights which far more and far better educated and more focused on the subject need to know about. Might I suggest you contact wikipedia and submit that correction directly.<o:p></o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal>Thanks,<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> Richard <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><div><p class=MsoNormal>On Jun 13, 2013, at 9:41 PM, Paul Olivier wrote:<o:p></o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'>Richard,<o:p></o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal>I would question the statement that RHA contains about 85 to 90% amorphous silica.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'>A significant proportion of it should be in crystalline form.<o:p></o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal>Paul<o:p></o:p></p><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal>On Fri, Jun 14, 2013 at 11:05 AM, Richard Stanley <<a href="mailto:rstanley@legacyfound.org" target="_blank">rstanley@legacyfound.org</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal>Paul. <o:p></o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Answer is that I don't know, to all of your questions Paul: It was not our focus at the time. The rice hulls that were being anerobically decomposed were an eyesore and a real danger to the kids in the area who would play on them, sometimes falling into deep caverns created by the collapse of the structure on decomposition often with tragic results. As a result the use of that resource became somewhat taboo for the briquette maker The silica content in the ash of combusted rice husks is however relatively well known published figure. Here is this citation from wikipedia..<o:p></o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal> <img border=0 width=640 height=42 id="_x0033_7b91ef6-8e1e-458d-8f03-c04684f2b313" src="cid:image001.png@01CE68F9.0B901360"><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>The densification of rice hulls for the low pressure wet process we follow, making effective briquettes out of such requires that it is either made soft and "mashy" or so fine as to serve as an infilling for a fibrous lattice work. <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Richard<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal>On Jun 13, 2013, at 6:57 PM, Paul Olivier wrote:<o:p></o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal>Richard,<br><br>I assume that we are still taking about rice hulls. I supposed that this pile of rice hulls is being decomposed anaerobically. If this is the case, do you know how much methane is being released? You talk about a high silica content ending up in the ash. Have you checked the composition of this ash?<o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></p><div><div><p class=MsoNormal>On Fri, Jun 14, 2013 at 8:47 AM, Legacy Mail <<a href="mailto:rstanley@legacyfound.org" target="_blank">rstanley@legacyfound.org</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p></div><blockquote style='border:none;border-left:solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 6.0pt;margin-left:4.8pt;margin-right:0in'><div><div><p class=MsoNormal>hi Trevor &Frank,<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>I am no expert on the stuff as it seems to vary considerably from what we have seen in practice. Where it is left to decompose in huge multi acre 50 ft tall mounds, (eg Mbale Uganda), you observe a glutenous mass which can work very well even with other granular solids (sawdust, charcoal fines) right off the mound. Take it off the fields dry (in such as Bamaco Mali ) and it has to indeed be blended with softened fibrous material. In either condition (whether gluten or fiber bound) the high silica generates lots of ash. <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Richard<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><br>Sent from my iPhone<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><br>On Jun 12, 2013, at 22:11, <a href="mailto:mtrevor@ntamar.net" target="_blank">mtrevor@ntamar.net</a> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p></div><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><div><p>I suspect the high silicacontnt and loose nature will not compact well. However if macerated and retted, then mixed with other stuff--- then maybe. I suspect Richard Stanley could provide more info <o:p></o:p></p><p>Michael N Trevor<o:p></o:p></p><p>Marshall Islands<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div></blockquote></div></div><div><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'>_______________________________________________<br>Stoves mailing list<br><br>to Send a Message to the list, use the email address<br><a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br><br>to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page<br><a href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br><br>for more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see our web site:<br><a href="http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/" target="_blank">http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/</a><o:p></o:p></p></div></blockquote></div></div></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><br>_______________________________________________<br>Stoves mailing list<br><br>to Send a Message to the list, use the email address<br><a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br><br>to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page<br><a href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br><br>for more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see our web site:<br><a href="http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/" target="_blank">http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/</a><br><br><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></blockquote></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><br><br clear=all><br>-- <br>Paul A. Olivier PhD<br>26/5 Phu Dong Thien Vuong<br>Dalat<br>Vietnam<br><br>Louisiana telephone: 1-337-447-4124 (rings Vietnam)<br>Mobile: 090-694-1573 (in Vietnam)<br>Skype address: Xpolivier<br><a href="http://www.esrla.com/" target="_blank">http://www.esrla.com/</a> <o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'>_______________________________________________<br>Stoves mailing list<br><br>to Send a Message to the list, use the email address<br><a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br><br>to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page<br><a href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br><br>for more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see our web site:<br><a href="http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/" target="_blank">http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/</a><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div></div></div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><br>_______________________________________________<br>Stoves mailing list<br><br>to Send a Message to the list, use the email address<br><a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br><br>to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page<br><a href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br><br>for more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see our web site:<br><a href="http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/" target="_blank">http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/</a><br><br><o:p></o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><br><br clear=all><br>-- <br>Paul A. Olivier PhD<br>26/5 Phu Dong Thien Vuong<br>Dalat<br>Vietnam<br><br>Louisiana telephone: 1-337-447-4124 (rings Vietnam)<br>Mobile: 090-694-1573 (in Vietnam)<br>Skype address: Xpolivier<br><a href="http://www.esrla.com/" target="_blank">http://www.esrla.com/</a> <o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'>_______________________________________________<br>Stoves mailing list<br><br>to Send a Message to the list, use the email address<br><a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br><br>to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page<br><a href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org">http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br><br>for more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see our web site:<br><a href="http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/">http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/</a><o:p></o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div></div></div></body></html>