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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Robert's pdf files about cocopeat are too big to send through the list. They can be downloaded from here:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><a href="http://www.stoves.bioenergylists.org/cocopeat">http://www.stoves.bioenergylists.org/cocopeat</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>his message is below: <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> Robert Fairchild [<a href="mailto:solarbobky@yahoo.com">mailto:solarbobky@yahoo.com</a>] <br><b>Sent:</b> Sunday, June 16, 2013 3:14 PM<br><b>To:</b> Discussion of biomass cooking stoves; Paul Anderson<br><b>Cc:</b> Tom Miles Easystreet; Jon Anderson; Hugh McLaughlin<br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [Stoves] coconut husk pith usage in improved stoves continued<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0><tr><td valign=top style='padding:0in 0in 0in 0in'><div id=yiv76678746><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0><tr><td style='padding:0in 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> For those interested in using coconut husk (not shell)<o:p></o:p></span></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Unprocessed coconut hulls make lousy fuel. <br>Coconut hull fiber are generally know as coir. <br><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coir">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coir</a><br>It is a big business in India. <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><a href="http://msme.gov.in/Chapter%206-Eng_200708.pdf" target="_blank">http://msme.gov.in/Chapter%206-Eng_200708.pdf</a><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>The fibers are processed into mats, carpet backing, potting material, and geotextiles (for erosion control).<br> On a small scale, the hulls can be soaked in water for at least a month and beaten to break the pith and used as mulch.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> The pith leftover from fiber production is known as cocopeat. <br><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coco_peat">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coco_peat</a><br>It is generally a coarse powder. It can apparently be made into fuel pellets for gasifier stoves. See attachments.<br> Bob<br><br>-- On <b>Sun, 6/16/13, Paul Anderson <i><<a href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu">psanders@ilstu.edu</a>></i></b> wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><blockquote style='border:none;border-left:solid #1010FF 1.5pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 4.0pt;margin-left:3.75pt;margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><br>From: Paul Anderson <<a href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu">psanders@ilstu.edu</a>><br>Subject: Re: [Stoves] coconut usage in improved stoves continued<br>To: "Discussion of biomass cooking stoves" <<a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>><br>Cc: "Tom Miles Easystreet" <<a href="mailto:tmiles@trmiles.com">tmiles@trmiles.com</a>>, "Jon Anderson" <<a href="mailto:jonnygms@gmail.com">jonnygms@gmail.com</a>>, "Hugh McLaughlin" <<a href="mailto:wastemin1@verizon.net">wastemin1@verizon.net</a>>, "Bob Fairchild" <<a href="mailto:solarbobky@yahoo.com">solarbobky@yahoo.com</a>><br>Date: Sunday, June 16, 2013, 11:57 AM<o:p></o:p></span></p><div id=yiv76678746><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Tom,<br><br>The discussion was about coconut SHELLS. And I think that a 20 L "bucket" size would be an impressive demonstration, and I would use the "5G Toucan Flex" design by Hugh McLaughlin. (5G is 5 gallons is 20 L). And I ask Hugh to please point us to the best description / photos. This is a single-walled fuel canister.<br><br>Could start smaller with the "Champion" size which is similar to the Peko Pe, all of which have about 6 inch (15 cm) diameters. In a warm climate (away from frigid breezes), it is easiest to start with single-wall units that should work fine. Have plenty of chimney to get good natural draft. There is no attempt to use the heat in these trial runs.<br><br>When successful (and please report whatever results occur), consider going larger to 12 - 15 inch (30 - 40 cm) diameter, if there is sufficient supply of coconut shells.<br><br>I have had contact with at least one commercial entity that makes charcoal from coconut shells in south-eastern India and sells the char to Europe (because the shell-char is considered to be of such quality). but I do not have that contact any longer.<br><br>About coconut HUSKS, I hope some people try them in TLUDs. All of my attempts (just a few) were not worthy of replication.<br><br>Paul (headed to Uganda Monday until 9 July)<o:p></o:p></span></p><pre>Paul S. Anderson, PhD aka "Dr TLUD"<o:p></o:p></pre><pre>Email: <a href="http://us.mc1613.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=psanders@ilstu.edu" target="_blank">psanders@ilstu.edu</a> Skype: paultlud Phone: +1-309-452-7072<o:p></o:p></pre><pre>Website: <a href="http://www.drtlud.com/" target="_blank">www.drtlud.com</a><o:p></o:p></pre><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>On 6/16/2013 9:08 AM, Tom Miles Easystreet wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Paul<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>What would a TLUD sized for coconut husks look like? Can you suggest dimensions and a fuel size?<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Tom<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><br>T R Miles Technical Consultants Inc. <o:p></o:p></span></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><span class=yiv76678746apple-style-span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><a href="http://us.mc1613.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=tmiles@trmiles.com" target="_blank">tmiles@trmiles.com</a></span></span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span class=yiv76678746apple-style-span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Sent from mobile. </span></span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><br>On Jun 16, 2013, at 4:21 AM, Paul Anderson <<a href="http://us.mc1613.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=psanders@ilstu.edu" target="_blank">psanders@ilstu.edu</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Dear Michael and Rebecca,<br><br>The suggestion by Otto and myself about using TLUD technology is NOT referring to the cooking stoves specifically, but refers to the <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>the use of primative <o:p></o:p></span></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>pit kilns and their pollution.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><br>In the pit kilns, they are already wasting the heat. A simple TLUD could also waste the heat, AND avoid the pollution.<br><br>There is every reason for Rebecca to make a simple TLUD just to see that the char can be made for cooking in charcoal stoves. <br><br>THEN, people could start to consider TLUD stoves, especially the TChar designs that couple with the charcoal stoves.<br><br>ALSO, when char is easily and cleanly made, the prospect of using some of that char to improve poor soils could become of interest.<br><br>Paul<o:p></o:p></span></p><pre>Paul S. Anderson, PhD aka "Dr TLUD"<o:p></o:p></pre><pre>Email: <a href="http://us.mc1613.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=psanders@ilstu.edu" target="_blank">psanders@ilstu.edu</a> Skype: paultlud Phone: +1-309-452-7072<o:p></o:p></pre><pre>Website: <a href="http://www.drtlud.com/" target="_blank">www.drtlud.com</a><o:p></o:p></pre><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>On 6/16/2013 5:52 AM, mtrevor wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Rebecca has primarily worked with fired clay rocket stoves.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>We were discussing the use of various parts of the cocnut as alternative fuels<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>In the Philipines they have a fairly well developen market for various cocnut products as fuel<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>In particulat they have wide spread fired clay charcoal burners. She had commented on the use of primative<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>pit kilns and their pollution/ I pointed her toward Amy Smiths work hopefully to reduce some polluion<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Moving into retorts or TLUD unit may be in the future but I beleive for now she is going to be expanding her<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>rocket stove capabilities. I am glad to see other picking up on Rebacca's travails<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>I am not much into charcoal until I can find a effective use for its heat and smoke, maybe a copra dryer.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>. <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Michael <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Marshall Islands<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>--- Original Message ----- <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><blockquote style='border:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 4.0pt;margin-left:3.75pt;margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:#E4E4E4'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> <a href="http://us.mc1613.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=terra-matricula@hotmail.com" target="_blank" title="terra-matricula@hotmail.com">Otto Formo</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>To:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> <a href="http://us.mc1613.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank" title="stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">Stoves Bioenergylist</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Cc:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> <a href="http://us.mc1613.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=jonnygms@gmail.com" target="_blank" title="jonnygms@gmail.com">Jon Anderson</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Sent:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> Sunday, June 16, 2013 10:13 PM<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Subject:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> Re: [Stoves] coconut usage in improved stoves<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Rebecca,<br>Haveing tested briquettes made out of rice husks and sawdust in a gasifier unit (Natural Draft), we experienced the same challenge to ignite and creating the pyrolytic front.<br> <br>I would suggest you create an upper layer of woodchips, on top of your coconutshells, to create that pyrolytic front more easily and ignite the chips, using woodshaveings or even gras, as a starter. <br> <br>REMEMBER: <br>Do not pour liquid materials, like kerosine , directly into the fueling Chamber!<br>This will distrub the pyrolytic process and reduce the outcome of your charcoal or biochar production.<br> <br>Good Luck.<br> <br>Thanks<br> <br>Otto<o:p></o:p></span></p><div><div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><hr size=3 width="100%" align=center></span></div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Date: Sat, 15 Jun 2013 23:03:35 -0500<br>From: <a href="http://us.mc1613.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=psanders@ilstu.edu" target="_blank">psanders@ilstu.edu</a><br>To: <a href="http://us.mc1613.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br>CC: <a href="http://us.mc1613.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=jonnygms@gmail.com" target="_blank">jonnygms@gmail.com</a><br>Subject: Re: [Stoves] coconut usage in improved stoves<o:p></o:p></span></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Rebecca,<br><br>To make your oling (coconut shell charcoal), the TLUD technology is highly appropriate. The density of the shell pieces makes them slightly difficult to initially light (the same as with densified wood pellets). But just make a slightly larger and longer burning "starter fire" to get the initial layer of pyrolyzing biomass that becomes the pyrolytic front that migrates slowly down through the column of shell pieces.<br><br>How familiar are you with the TLUD technology?<br><br>Paul<o:p></o:p></span></p><pre>Paul S. Anderson, PhD aka "Dr TLUD"<o:p></o:p></pre><pre>Email: <a href="http://us.mc1613.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=psanders@ilstu.edu" target="_blank">psanders@ilstu.edu</a> Skype: paultlud Phone: +1-309-452-7072<o:p></o:p></pre><pre>Website: <a href="http://www.drtlud.com/" target="_blank">www.drtlud.com</a><o:p></o:p></pre><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>On 6/15/2013 12:48 AM, Rebecca A. Vermeer wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'>Michael,<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'>I am so pleased to meet an ex copra maker and one who knows the coconut so well!! So I presume you know very well the native “tuba” drink from the flower shoot? Do take a look at my photo album below :<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class=yiv76678746ecxmsonormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:13.0pt'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'><a href="https://plus.google.com/photos/113101643783889350444/albums/5889511496280160113/5889528293743607618?pid=5889528293743607618&oid=113101643783889350444" target="_blank"><span style='font-size:11.0pt'>https://plus.google.com/photos/113101643783889350444/albums/5889511496280160113/5889528293743607618?pid=5889528293743607618&oid=113101643783889350444</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>– you will see the coconut husk (bucong) strung together; your preferred frond mid ribs (palwa) and the charcoal from coconut shells (inside sacks and plastic bags). The charcoal makers are my biggest competitors for the bucong I need to fire my eco-kalans. Take a close look at photo #37 -the small pottery to the right which looks like a vase uses “oling” or coconut shell charcoal; to the left you will find the big traditional kalans which can use firewood, “palwa” or “bucong”. The “bucong” is the fuel of the poorest and the “bingka” or rice cake bakers; the “palwa” is bought by the not so poor; firewood by the middleclass; and the “oling “ is bought by the many food vendors (like “tocinos” – similar to sate in Malaysia or Indonesia, steamed meat buns, boiling water for disinfecting spoons & forks....) and households for broiling fish and meats (sinugba).<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Oling is made by burning coconut shellls in a hole in the ground –a smoky process with a lot of energy going to waste. Do you know a better way??<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Rebecca <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:whitesmoke'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> <a href="http://us.mc1613.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=mtrevor@ntamar.net" target="_blank" title="mtrevor@ntamar.net">mtrevor</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:whitesmoke'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>Sent:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> Friday, June 14, 2013 12:31 PM<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:whitesmoke'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>To:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> <a href="http://us.mc1613.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank" title="stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">Discussion of biomass cooking stoves</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:whitesmoke'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>Subject:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> [Stoves] coconut usage in improved stoves<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Dear </span><span style='color:black'>Rebecca </span><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>As an ex copra maker I have met the coconut and know it well.</span><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>I have made copra by the tons. I know coconut husk and flower shoot and fronds and shell <o:p></o:p></span></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Here the husks are generally burned in 3/4/5 wedge sized pieces. After the nuts are husked <o:p></o:p></span></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>women haul them in from the husking areas and sun dry them in the yards. It is exhausting back breaking work<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Husk is a pretty good mosquito chaser and its low burn temperature make it very good for cooking rice.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>BUT THE SMOKE!!!!<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>I would like to see a retort system running heat to a copra drier to produce better copra with out bugs and mold<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>with coconut shell charcoal for sale as a by product. <o:p></o:p></span></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>In more recent years the has been some switch to your "bucong" of course this mean no more shell left over. <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Splitting husk with shell in to multiple little wedges would be considered a lot of additional work. Coconut husk it tough stuff. I find slicing off the leaflets in the field and using the coconut frond mid rib chopped into segments and split length wise easier. The resulting stick like pieces feed into a rocket stove easier. The flower spaths are superb rocket stove fuel.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Michael</span><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Marshall Islands</span><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'>----- Original Message ----- <o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><blockquote style='border:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 4.0pt;margin-left:3.75pt;margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:#E4E4E4'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'> <a href="http://us.mc1613.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=ravermeer@telus.net" target="_blank" title="ravermeer@telus.net">Rebecca A. Vermeer</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>To:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'> ; <a href="http://us.mc1613.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=mtrevor@ntamar.net" target="_blank" title="mtrevor@ntamar.net">Michael N. Trevor</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Cc:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'> <a href="http://us.mc1613.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=ravermeer@telus.net" target="_blank" title="ravermeer@telus.net">Rebecca A. Vermeer</a> ; <a href="http://us.mc1613.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=jonnygms@gmail.com" target="_blank" title="jonnygms@gmail.com">Jon Anderson</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Sent:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'> Saturday, June 15, 2013 6:30 AM<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Subject:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'> Re: [Stoves] : Re: Insulation and stove life<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'>Hello Michael,<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'>Thank you for your suggestions and question. My comments are as follows:<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'>1. I have considered experimenting with high silicate ash from the foot of Mt. Canlaon, in northern part of Negros Oriental. The ash is free and my partners with the 11th IB of the Philippine Army in Negros Or. and the Memorial Elementary School in Canlaon would bring the ash to Dumaguete City. If this does not work, I’ll follow up on the TLUD route.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'>2. Jon & Flip Anderson (Aprovecho volunteers) have shown me their work with insulating bricks to form the combustion chamber in Timor Leste. The insulating bricks are weak, fragile bricks which require a strong, heavy duty shell exterior (e.g. cement)to protect the combustion chamber and to support big cooking pots. I still think that tiny insulating “clay marbles” between the heavy duty, all clay, fired kalan and combustion chamber is the most practical way to pursue. I am hopeful Rolf and ECOWORXX can find a way to produce these insulating clay marbles or pebbles cheaply.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'>3. For those who have not seen a coconut husk – it is a by-product of COPRA (mature coconut meat) production. Every 3 months, the coconuts are harvested, cut into 2 halves, and meat is extracted and dried to make copra. The husk and inside shell is dried in roof-covered sheds or storage buildings to make “bucong” – the fuel we use to fire the eco-kalans to 900 degrees Celsius. To use the “bucong” or coconut husk with shell for fuel in a rocket stove, it is requires chopping the husk with a machete into narrow wedges (like a cantaloupe) and a combustion chamber opening as wide and as high (5.5”x5.5”) as that of the eco-kalan.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'>Rebecca Vermeer</span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'>Eco-Kalan Project in the Philippines</span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'>British Columbia, Canada</span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:whitesmoke'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'> <a href="http://us.mc1613.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=mtrevor@ntamar.net" target="_blank" title="mtrevor@ntamar.net">mtrevor</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:whitesmoke'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'>Sent:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'> Friday, June 14, 2013 1:44 AM<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:whitesmoke'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'>To:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'> <a href="http://us.mc1613.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank" title="stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">Discussion of biomass cooking stoves</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:whitesmoke'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'>Subject:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'> Re: [Stoves] : Re: Insulation and stove life<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Rebecca </span><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Why not gassify rice hulls in a TLUD and then use the low cristobalite "tough" high silicate ash to mix your insulation. </span><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Perhaps take a lead fom Aprovecho's play book and fire your liner in multiple wedge shaped pieces negating the need to break</span><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>things up. </span><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'>How do to "prepare" your coconut husks for use in a rocket stove? <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'>Michael N Trevor<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'>Marshall Islands<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><blockquote style='border:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 4.0pt;margin-left:3.75pt;margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:#E4E4E4'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'> <a href="http://us.mc1613.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=ravermeer@telus.net" target="_blank" title="ravermeer@telus.net">Rebecca A. Vermeer</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>To:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'> <a href="http://us.mc1613.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=paul.olivier@esrla.com" target="_blank" title="paul.olivier@esrla.com">Paul Olivier</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Cc:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'> <a href="http://us.mc1613.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=jonnygms@gmail.com" target="_blank" title="jonnygms@gmail.com">Jon Anderson</a> ; <a href="http://us.mc1613.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank" title="stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Sent:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'> Friday, June 14, 2013 8:25 PM<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Subject:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'> Re: [Stoves] : Re: Insulation and stove life<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'>Paul,<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'>I currently use wood ash as insulating material between the kalan and combustion chamber of the eco-kalan (a rocket stove using wood, charcoal, coconut husk, shell, fronds and other parts of the coconut tree). The eco-kalan uses 75-85% less firewood and therefore a lot less ash is produced compared to traditional kalans and other traditional cookstoves in Negros Oriental, Philippines. A shortage in supply of ash is one fact <o:p></o:p></span></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'>or which affects sales of eco-kalan. I have considered making an insulating material using a 50-50 mix by volume of rice hull & clay in the form of pellets or bricks which would be broken to pieces after firing. I would fire the pellets or the bricks along with the eco-kalans up to 900 degrees Celsius. Will there be significant formation of cristobalite under these conditions? Would handling the fired pellets or the breaking of the bricks be a health hazard? Thanks,<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'>Rebecca Vermeer<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:whitesmoke'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'> <a href="http://us.mc1613.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=paul.olivier@esrla.com" target="_blank" title="paul.olivier@esrla.com">Paul Olivier</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:whitesmoke'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'>Sent:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'> Friday, June 14, 2013 12:07 AM<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:whitesmoke'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'>To:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'> <a href="http://us.mc1613.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=ravermeer@telus.net" target="_blank" title="ravermeer@telus.net">Rebecca A. Vermeer</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:whitesmoke'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'>Cc:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'> <a href="http://us.mc1613.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=jonnygms@gmail.com" target="_blank" title="jonnygms@gmail.com">Jon Anderson</a> ; <a href="http://us.mc1613.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank" title="stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a> ; <a href="http://us.mc1613.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=larryw@gotsky.com" target="_blank" title="larryw@gotsky.com">larry winiarski</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:whitesmoke'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'>Subject:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'> Re: Fw: [Stoves] : Re: Insulation and stove life<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'>Rebecca,<br>If we directly burn river hulls, there should be a lot of cristobalite formed. If we gasify, this problem should be minimized, provided channeling does not occur. Also there might be cristobalite in the particulate matter in the combustion gases. With rice hull pellets in a TLUD we have a lot less channeling, and a lot less particulate matter. Therefore the rice hull pellet becomes an attractive fuel for these and many other reasons.<br>Thanks.<br>Paul Olivier<o:p></o:p></span></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'>On Jun 14, 2013 1:44 PM, "Rebecca A. Vermeer" <<a href="http://us.mc1613.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=ravermeer@telus.net" target="_blank">ravermeer@telus.net</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></p><div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'>Hello Paul,<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'>Larry just told me that the silica content of rice hull ash is over 90%. At the ETHOS 2013 Conference, I saw a TURBO stove developed in the Philippines which used rice hull for fuel. Given your comment below regarding cristobalite “which is a nasty carcinogen” and severely hazardous to human health (see link below), would you recommend the use of rice hull as a household fuel for cookstoves? <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'>Rebecca Vermeer<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'>CRISTOBALITE LINK:<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'><a href="http://nj.gov/health/eoh/rtkweb/documents/fs/1657.pdf" target="_blank" title="http://nj.gov/health/eoh/rtkweb/documents/fs/1657.pdf">http://nj.gov/health/eoh/rtkweb/documents/fs/1657.pdf</a><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'>From:</span></b><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'> <a href="http://us.mc1613.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=paul.olivier@esrla.com" target="_blank" title="paul.olivier@esrla.com">Paul Olivier</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:whitesmoke'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'>Sent:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'> Wednesday, June 12, 2013 12:01 AM<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:whitesmoke'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'>To:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'> <a href="http://us.mc1613.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank" title="stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">Discussion of biomass cooking stoves</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:whitesmoke'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'>Subject:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black'> Re: [Stoves] : Re: Insulation and stove life<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><div><div><div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'>Paal,<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'>One thing I look for on my burner is that all burner holes support a flame throughout the process. If channeling occurs during the process or if char is being burned as the process comes to a close, then one can see burner holes that do not support a flame. This means that CO2 is being discharged from the burner holes, and of course CO2 does not burn. When CO2 is formed, this represents a big inefficiency, since combustion takes place far below the pot. When this happens the sides of the reactor can easily turn red hot and melt. I do not know how it is possible to spot the presence of CO2 if the top of the reactor stays open and does not have a lid with burner holes.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'>If one turns up the fan a bit too high resulting in channeling, it can happen that only a few holes (among a total of 80 in my case) do not support a flame. If I turn the fan down a bit and shake the reactor, this problem is immediately corrected. Also the effect of the presence of CO2 can be spotted by the cook in another way. The distribution of heat to the pan is not even.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'>Also many of the positive characteristics of biochar are lost when biochar is combusted and is reduced to ash. The combustion of biomass and biochar takes place when channeling occurs, and the combustion of biochar takes place if the fan is not turned off at the end of the process. Rice hull ash and rice hill biochar are not at all the same thing when it comes to growing plants. </span><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:red'>Also rice hull ash can easily contain cristobalite, which is a nasty carcinogen. Under ordinary conditions, no farmer should be handling this stuff.</span><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'>Thanks.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'>Paul<o:p></o:p></span></p><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'>On Wed, Jun 12, 2013 at 1:06 PM, Paal Wendelbo <<a href="http://us.mc1613.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=paaw@online.no" target="_blank">paaw@online.no</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></p><div><div><div><p class=yiv76678746ecxmsonormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:13.0pt'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'>Ron</span><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class=yiv76678746ecxmsonormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:13.0pt'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'>By end of flame the color of the char is red to yellow, that indicate a temperature of 700 to 800 ˚C and when there is no smoke, complete combustion has taken place. Is that not good for biochar?</span><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class=yiv76678746ecxmsonormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:13.0pt'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'>Regards Paal W</span><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div></div></div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'><br>_______________________________________________<br>Stoves mailing list<br><br>to Send a Message to the list, use the email address<br><a href="http://us.mc1613.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br><br>to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page<br><a href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br><br>for more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see our web site:<br><a href="http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/" target="_blank">http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'><br><br clear=all><br>-- <br>Paul A. Olivier PhD<br>26/5 Phu Dong Thien Vuong<br>Dalat<br>Vietnam<br><br>Louisiana telephone: 1-337-447-4124 (rings Vietnam)<br>Mobile: 090-694-1573 (in Vietnam)<br>Skype address: Xpolivier<br><a href="http://www.esrla.com/" target="_blank">http://www.esrla.com/</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'><hr size=3 width="100%" align=center></span></div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'>_______________________________________________<br>Stoves mailing list<br><br>to Send a Message to the list, use the email address<br><a href="http://us.mc1613.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br><br>to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page<br><a href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br><br>for more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see our web site:<br><a href="http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/" target="_blank">http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p></div></blockquote></div></div></div></blockquote></div></div></blockquote></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><hr size=3 width="100%" align=center></span></div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>_______________________________________________<br>Stoves mailing list<br><br>to Send a Message to the list, use the email address<br><a href="http://us.mc1613.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br><br>to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page<br><a href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br><br>for more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see our web site:<br><a href="http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/" target="_blank">http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><hr size=3 width="100%" align=center></span></div><p><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>No virus found in this message.<br>Checked by AVG - <a href="http://www.avg.com/" target="_blank">www.avg.com</a><br>Version: 2013.0.2904 / Virus Database: 3199/6406 - Release Date: 06/12/13<o:p></o:p></span></p></blockquote></blockquote></div></blockquote><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><hr size=3 width="100%" align=center></span></div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>_______________________________________________<br>Stoves mailing list<br><br>to Send a Message to the list, use the email address<br><a href="http://us.mc1613.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br><br>to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page<br><a href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br><br>for more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see our web site:<br><a href="http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/" target="_blank">http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p></blockquote></div></div><p><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>No virus found in this message.<br>Checked by AVG - <a href="http://www.avg.com/" target="_blank">www.avg.com</a><br>Version: 2013.0.2904 / Virus Database: 3199/6406 - Release Date: 06/12/13<o:p></o:p></span></p></blockquote><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><hr size=3 width="100%" align=center></span></div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>_______________________________________________<br>Stoves mailing list<br><br>to Send a Message to the list, use the email address<br><a href="http://us.mc1613.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br><br>to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page<br><a href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br><br>for more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see our web site:<br><a href="http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/" target="_blank">http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/</a><br><br><o:p></o:p></span></p><pre>_______________________________________________<o:p></o:p></pre><pre>Stoves mailing list<o:p></o:p></pre><pre><o:p> </o:p></pre><pre>to Send a Message to the list, use the email address<o:p></o:p></pre><pre><a href="http://us.mc1613.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a><o:p></o:p></pre><pre><o:p> </o:p></pre><pre>to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page<o:p></o:p></pre><pre><a href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org</a><o:p></o:p></pre><pre><o:p> </o:p></pre><pre>for more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see our web site:<o:p></o:p></pre><pre><a href="http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/" target="_blank">http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/</a><o:p></o:p></pre><pre><o:p> </o:p></pre><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><br><br>_______________________________________________ Stoves mailing list to Send a Message to the list, use the email address <a href="http://us.mc1613.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a> to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page <a href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org</a> for more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see our web site: <a href="http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/" target="_blank">http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p><div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><hr size=3 width="100%" align=center></span></div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>_______________________________________________<br>Stoves mailing list<br><br>to Send a Message to the list, use the email address<br><a href="http://us.mc1613.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br><br>to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page<br><a href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br><br>for more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see our web site:<br><a href="http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/" target="_blank">http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><hr size=3 width="100%" align=center></span></div><p><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>No virus found in this message.<br>Checked by AVG - <a href="http://www.avg.com/" target="_blank">www.avg.com</a><br>Version: 2013.0.2904 / Virus Database: 3199/6413 - Release Date: 06/15/13<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><pre>_______________________________________________<o:p></o:p></pre><pre>Stoves mailing list<o:p></o:p></pre><pre><o:p> </o:p></pre><pre>to Send a Message to the list, use the email address<o:p></o:p></pre><pre><a href="http://us.mc1613.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a><o:p></o:p></pre><pre><o:p> </o:p></pre><pre>to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page<o:p></o:p></pre><pre><a href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org</a><o:p></o:p></pre><pre><o:p> </o:p></pre><pre>for more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see our web site:<o:p></o:p></pre><pre><a href="http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/" target="_blank">http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/</a><o:p></o:p></pre><pre><o:p> </o:p></pre><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>_______________________________________________<br>Stoves mailing list<br><br>to Send a Message to the list, use the email address<br><a href="http://us.mc1613.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br><br>to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page<br><a href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br><br>for more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see our web site:<br><a href="http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/" target="_blank">http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><pre>_______________________________________________<o:p></o:p></pre><pre>Stoves mailing list<o:p></o:p></pre><pre><o:p> </o:p></pre><pre>to Send a Message to the list, use the email address<o:p></o:p></pre><pre><a href="http://us.mc1613.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a><o:p></o:p></pre><pre><o:p> </o:p></pre><pre>to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page<o:p></o:p></pre><pre><a href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org</a><o:p></o:p></pre><pre><o:p> </o:p></pre><pre>for more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see our web site:<o:p></o:p></pre><pre><a href="http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/" target="_blank">http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/</a><o:p></o:p></pre><pre><o:p> </o:p></pre></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div></body></html>