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    A 1-point reduction in pH means hydrogen ion activity (i.e. acidity)
    is multiplied by 10.<br>
    <br>
    A 14-point reduction would mean hydrogen ion activity is multiplied
    by 100000000000000.<br>
    <br>
    A 0.1 point reduction in pH means hydrogen ion activity is
    multiplied by 10^(0.1)  [here, ^ means "to the power of"], which is
    about 1.25 - i.e. 25% more active hydrogen ions.<br>
    <br>
    The figures I have seen for the average oceanic pH reduction are
    somewhere in the 0.11 to 0.12 range, which gives you about 30% more
    active hydrogen ions.<br>
    <br>
    A 0.4 point reduction in pH (not sure why you chose that figure)
    would multiply the number of active hydrogen ions by about 2.51
    [10^(0.4)] - i.e. a 151% increase.<br>
    <br>
    This is the case wherever you are on the pH scale.<br>
    <br>
    m<br>
    <br>
    <br>
    <br>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 2013:07:05 00:37, Ronald
      Hongsermeier wrote:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote cite="mid:51D66998.8020101@web.de" type="cite">
      <meta content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
        http-equiv="Content-Type">
      Mark,<br>
      <br>
      on a logarithmic scale how many times can you make a 30% change?<br>
      <br>
      i.e., is there only hydrogen ion activity over <0.4points of
      the pH scale or are you saying something different?<br>
      <br>
      regards,<br>
      Ronald von pHneutralOberbayern<br>
      <br>
      <br>
      <div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 05.07.2013 07:41, Paul Olivier
        wrote:<br>
      </div>
      <blockquote
cite="mid:CAOreFvZt4mduEVArYjX2X+jkTYSBsphxP=s7tSB7qpkr3rr27A@mail.gmail.com"
        type="cite">
        <div dir="ltr">
          <div>
            <div>Mark,<br>
              <br>
            </div>
            Thanks so much for your contribution here.<br>
          </div>
          <div>We are in full agreement on this point.<br>
          </div>
          <div><br>
          </div>
          Paul Olivier<br>
        </div>
        <div class="gmail_extra"><br>
          <br>
          <div class="gmail_quote"> On Fri, Jul 5, 2013 at 12:21 PM,
            Mark Bigland-Pritchard / Low Energy Design Ltd <span
              dir="ltr"><<a moz-do-not-send="true"
                href="mailto:mark@lowenergydesign.com" target="_blank">mark@lowenergydesign.com</a>></span>
            wrote:<br>
            <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0
              .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
              <div text="#000000" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"> I wouldn't normally
                want to post off-topic, but I think it is necessary that
                an error be corrected before this thread is put to
                sleep.<br>
                <br>
                It is scientifically accurate to say that the acidity of
                the oceans has increased.<br>
                <br>
                It is well documented that the average pH of the oceans
                has decreased by about 0.1.  Because pH is a logarithmic
                scale, this actually means a 30% increase in the
                hydrogen ion activity.  In other words, the acidity has
                increased by 30%.  This is basic chemistry, not
                "nonsense".  (The fact that carbon dioxide, when
                dissolved in water, forms carbonic acid, is also basic
                chemistry.)<br>
                <br>
                But yes the oceans are alkaline.  The shift in pH is
                from about 8.2 to about 8.1.  (Less alkaline = more
                acidic, wherever you are on the pH scale.)  People who
                have dedicated their lives to studying oceanic
                ecosystems are saying that even this ostensibly small
                drop in pH is impacting on crustacea, corals, calcifying
                microorganisms and other highly-calcium-dependent
                species - and therefore also on the whole ecosystems
                which depend on them for food or shelter.  (And
                remember, humans are at the top of the food chain in
                many of those ecosystems.)  That is why this is a
                serious matter.<span class="HOEnZb"><font
                    color="#888888"><br>
                    <br>
                    mark</font></span>
                <div>
                  <div class="h5"><br>
                    <br>
                    <br>
                    <br>
                    <div>On 2013:07:04 21:14, Crispin Pemberton-Pigott
                      wrote:<br>
                    </div>
                  </div>
                </div>
                <blockquote type="cite">
                  <div>
                    <div class="h5">
                      <div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Paul


                            O</span></p>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> </span></p>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">The


                            point Andrew was making when asking that the
                            conversation about climate be moved to
                            another site was to prevent that sort of
                            nonsense cluttering up this site which is a
                            domestic stoves discussion list.</span></p>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> </span></p>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">When


                            someone repeats a claims that the ‘oceans
                            have increased in acidity by one third’ and
                            implying it is because of man-made CO2
                            emissions from fossil fuels it deserves to
                            be labelled exactly that o nonsense. The
                            oceans are alkaline, not acidic and cannot
                            ‘increase in acidity by one third’ –
                            whatever that means. </span></p>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> </span></p>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">I
                            wrote to you privately because the
                            discussion does not belong here.</span></p>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> </span></p>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Please


                            accept the moderator’s view.</span></p>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Thanks</span></p>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Crispin


                          </span></p>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> </span></p>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> </span></p>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""
                              lang="EN-US">From:</span></b><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""
                            lang="EN-US"> Stoves [<a
                              moz-do-not-send="true"
                              href="mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org"
                              target="_blank">mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>]
                            <b>On Behalf Of </b>Paul Olivier<br>
                            <b>Sent:</b> Thursday, July 04, 2013 8:09 PM<br>
                            <b>To:</b> Discussion of biomass cooking
                            stoves<br>
                            <b>Subject:</b> [Stoves] on ocean
                            acidification</span></p>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                        <div>
                          <div>
                            <p class="MsoNormal">In a previous email I
                              had cited an article by Mark Bittman
                              concerning ocean acidification. Crispin
                              responded to me off-list and said:</p>
                          </div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal"><br clear="all">
                          </p>
                          <div>
                            <div>
                              <p class="MsoNormal"><i><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">That


                                    was the most outrageous set of
                                    nonsense on oceans and CO2 I have
                                    seem. What rubbish. </span></i></p>
                              <p class="MsoNormal"><i><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> The


                                    oceans are not acidic.</span></i></p>
                              <p class="MsoNormal"><i><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">CO2


                                    absorbed by water turns about 1%
                                    into carbonic acid, a fragile
                                    composition with a short lifespan.</span></i></p>
                              <p class="MsoNormal"><i><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">If


                                    the oceans were to absorb many many
                                    gigatons of CO2 it would become
                                    slightly less alkaline.</span></i></p>
                              <p class="MsoNormal"><i><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">It


                                    seems that Bittman does not even
                                    know the most basic facts about
                                    oceans and just attributes
                                    everything he sees to ‘AGW’. His
                                    writings are not helping the
                                    reputation of science. His view are
                                    not informing the discussion. His
                                    conclusions are worthy of ridicule.</span></i></p>
                              <p class="MsoNormal"><i><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Fish


                                    and mollusk populations rise and
                                    fall with the food supply. When the
                                    PDO changed in 1976 there were also
                                    large population shifts. It has
                                    shifted again. The shift is 100%
                                    natural and has nothing to do with
                                    human fuel use.</span></i></p>
                              <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> </span>I
                                replied to his email as follows:</p>
                              <p class="MsoNormal"><i>Please do not
                                  label everything that you disagree
                                  with as rubbish, nonsense, or as
                                  worthy of ridicule. It is hard to
                                  conduct a debate when you use such
                                  language.<br>
                                  <br>
                                  I would like to draw your attention to
                                  the following:<br>
                                  <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                                    href="http://www.sightline.org/research/northwest-ocean-acidification/"
                                    target="_blank">http://www.sightline.org/research/northwest-ocean-acidification/</a><br>
                                  <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.sightline.org/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2012/02/OA-primer1.pdf"
                                    target="_blank">http://www.sightline.org/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2012/02/OA-primer1.pdf</a><br>
                                  <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                                    href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_acidification"
                                    target="_blank">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_acidification</a></i></p>
                              <div>
                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                  style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><i><a
                                      moz-do-not-send="true"
                                      href="http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/co2/story/Ocean+Acidification"
                                      target="_blank">http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/co2/story/Ocean+Acidification</a><br>
                                    <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                                      href="http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/co2/story/What+is+Ocean+Acidification%3F"
                                      target="_blank">http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/co2/story/What+is+Ocean+Acidification%3F</a></i></p>
                              </div>
                              <p class="MsoNormal"><i>I would like to
                                  ask the members of this stove list:
                                  why do we go about designing stoves?
                                  Are we only concerned about poor
                                  people in developing countries who sit
                                  around dirty campfires? Or do we want
                                  to design stoves that at the same time
                                  address important issues such as
                                  climate change, global warming and
                                  ocean acidification? <br>
                                </i><br>
                                Thanks.</p>
                            </div>
                            <div>
                              <p class="MsoNormal">Paul</p>
                            </div>
                            <div>
                              <p class="MsoNormal">---<br>
                                Paul A. Olivier PhD<br>
                                26/5 Phu Dong Thien Vuong<br>
                                Dalat<br>
                                Vietnam<br>
                                <br>
                                Louisiana telephone: 1-337-447-4124
                                (rings Vietnam)<br>
                                Mobile: 090-694-1573 (in Vietnam)<br>
                                Skype address: Xpolivier<br>
                                <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                                  href="http://www.esrla.com/"
                                  target="_blank">http://www.esrla.com/</a>
                              </p>
                            </div>
                          </div>
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                  <div class="im">
                    <pre>_______________________________________________
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</pre>
                  </div>
                </blockquote>
                <br>
              </div>
              <br>
              _______________________________________________<br>
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              <br>
            </blockquote>
          </div>
          <br>
          <br clear="all">
          <br>
          -- <br>
          Paul A. Olivier PhD<br>
          26/5 Phu Dong Thien Vuong<br>
          Dalat<br>
          Vietnam<br>
          <br>
          Louisiana telephone: 1-337-447-4124 (rings Vietnam)<br>
          Mobile: 090-694-1573 (in Vietnam)<br>
          Skype address: Xpolivier<br>
          <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://www.esrla.com/"
            target="_blank">http://www.esrla.com/</a> </div>
        <br>
        <fieldset class="mimeAttachmentHeader"></fieldset>
        <br>
        <pre wrap="">_______________________________________________
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</pre>
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