<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space; ">Rogerio and (now 2) lists [The 14 papers certainly don't all apply to biochar - but in total they apply more to the biochar list than the stove list)<div><br></div><div>1. Thanks for the cite you gave below (with a free version of a nice paper). I enjoyed this (#12 below) and your article with Rob Bailis (#14). A few questions: A year or more has passed since you wrote this. Any cogeneration started yet in Brazil? (for others, Rogerio lives where charcoal-making is big business - the largest in the world). Any recommendations on stove or biochar ideas in the other dozen papers? For instance can you conceive that there may be more cooking with electricity as users trade in (barter) biomass for electrons? (and maybe getting some char back also) You are thinking more of the char going to steel mills, but could there be competition for using the char (as biochar) in soils (given future carbon credits?)</div><div><br></div><div>2. I remember hearing about this special issue on charcoal, but this was my first chance to see the wide range (below). A lot of good material here. Unfortunately all priced at $31.50 per paper. If any other authors are reading this, I hope they can do as did Rogerio and supply an early author's draft. Obviously, both lists would benefit from anything more that can be said about any of the papers. My impression is that biochar and char-making stoves were not major considerations for most papers, but most can have some bearing on both these lists</div><div><br></div><div> Rogerio - how about giving a short summary of Paper #14 (Bailis - or a reprint). And anything else that might assist the stoves and biochar lists.</div><div><br></div><div><div id="bodyAllResults" class="cbodyAllResults" style="font-size: 12px; font-family: arial, verdana, helvetica, sans-serif; "><div id="bodyResults" class="mainResults" style="font-size: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; "><div id="issueList" style="font-size: 1em; margin-left: 227px; vertical-align: top; zoom: 1; margin-right: 170px; "><div class="contentMain" style="font-size: 1em; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: 1px solid rgb(252, 252, 252); position: relative; "><div class="contentShadow" style="font-size: 1em; background-color: rgb(225, 225, 225); border: 1px solid rgb(237, 237, 237); position: relative; left: -1px; top: -1px; "><div class="contentBorders" style="font-size: 1em; border: 1px solid rgb(155, 155, 155); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); position: relative; left: -1px; top: -1px; zoom: 1; z-index: auto; "><form method="get" name="Tag" action="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science" target=""><div class="pubBody" style="font-size: 1em; "><div class="txt; !important" style="font-size: 1em; "><div id="bodyMainResults" class="font3" style="font-size: 1em; "><table cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="0" class="resultRow" style="font-size: 1em; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(155, 155, 155); padding: 0px; width: 878px; position: static; z-index: auto; "><tbody><tr style="font-size: 1em;"><td width="5%" align="left" valign="top" style="font-size: 1em; padding: 10px 0pt 10px 20px; "><table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-size: 1em; "><tbody><tr style="font-size: 1em;"><td width="20%" align="right" style="font-size: 1em; ">1</td><td width="80%" align="left" style="font-size: 1em; "><input class="checkBox" type="checkbox" name="art" value=" 1-s2.0-S0973082613000197" style="font-size: 1em; padding-left: 6px; "></td><td width="5%" style="font-size: 1em; padding-left: 6px; "><span class="sprite_nsubIcon_sci_dir" title="You are not entitled to access the full text of this document" style="background-image: url(http://cdn.els-cdn.com/sd/img/resultsPageSpriteVert_131.png); background-attachment: scroll; height: 16px; display: inline-block; padding: 0px 0px 2px 16px !important; background-position: 0% -1370px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;"> </span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td width="95%" align="left" colspan="2" style="font-size: 1em; "><h3 style="font-size: 1em; margin: 0px; display: inline; font-weight: normal; "><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0973082613000197" class="cLink" querystr="?_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_origin=browseVolIssue&_srch=hubEid(1-s2.0-S0973082613X0002X)&_docanchor=&_ct=14&_zone=rslt_list_item&md5=261fec7ae73870183e62c90dbc9ff58f" style="color: rgb(132, 0, 132); text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">What role will charcoal play in the coming decades? Insights from up-to-date findings and reviews</span></a></h3><span style="font-size: 0.92em; color: rgb(126, 126, 126); white-space: nowrap;"></span><br><i>Pages 73-74</i><br>Adrián Ghilardi, Tuyeni Mwampamba, Gautam Dutt</td><td width="95%" valign="top" align="left" style="font-size: 1em; "></td></tr></tbody></table><div id="resultsView_1" class="resultsView" style="font-size: 1em; "></div><table cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="0" class="resultRow" style="font-size: 1em; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(155, 155, 155); padding: 0px; width: 878px; position: static; z-index: auto; "><tbody><tr style="font-size: 1em;"><td width="5%" align="left" valign="top" style="font-size: 1em; padding: 10px 0pt 10px 20px; "><table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-size: 1em; "><tbody><tr style="font-size: 1em;"><td width="20%" align="right" style="font-size: 1em; ">2</td><td width="80%" align="left" style="font-size: 1em; "><input class="checkBox" type="checkbox" name="art" value=" 1-s2.0-S0973082613000021" style="font-size: 1em; padding-left: 6px; "></td><td width="5%" style="font-size: 1em; padding-left: 6px; "><span class="sprite_nsubIcon_sci_dir" title="You are not entitled to access the full text of this document" style="background-image: url(http://cdn.els-cdn.com/sd/img/resultsPageSpriteVert_131.png); background-attachment: scroll; height: 16px; display: inline-block; padding: 0px 0px 2px 16px !important; background-position: 0% -1370px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;"> </span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td width="95%" align="left" colspan="2" style="font-size: 1em; "><h3 style="font-size: 1em; margin: 0px; display: inline; font-weight: normal; "><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0973082613000021" class="cLink" querystr="?_rdoc=2&_fmt=high&_origin=browseVolIssue&_srch=hubEid(1-s2.0-S0973082613X0002X)&_docanchor=&_ct=14&_zone=rslt_list_item&md5=f56595971a7272a2f71ea6b68df0e903" style="color: rgb(132, 0, 132); text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Dispelling common misconceptions to improve attitudes and policy outlook on charcoal in developing countries</span></a></h3><span style="font-size: 0.92em; color: rgb(126, 126, 126); white-space: nowrap;"> Review Article</span><br><i>Pages 75-85</i><br>Tuyeni H. Mwampamba, Adrián Ghilardi, Klas Sander, Kim Jean Chaix<br><div class="txt" style="font-size: 11px; padding-top: 5px; "><br></div></td><td width="95%" valign="top" align="left" style="font-size: 1em; "><br></td></tr></tbody></table><div style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 87px; margin-right: 10px; "><div class="svAbstract" style="font-size: 1em; "><div class="articleText" style="font-size: 1em; "><div class="articleText_indent" style="font-size: 1em; ">► Charcoal data are distorted because they are lumped with those of other wood fuels. ► Misconceptions perpetuate five myths that harm perceptions about charcoal. ► Myths can misguide interventions and policy response to the charcoal sector. ► Myths narrow scope of charcoal discussions to an environmental niche. ► Debunking myths is necessary to appreciate true potential of charcoal.</div></div></div></div><div id="resultsView_2" class="resultsView" style="font-size: 1em; "></div><table cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="0" class="resultRow" style="font-size: 1em; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(155, 155, 155); padding: 0px; width: 878px; position: static; z-index: auto; "><tbody><tr style="font-size: 1em;"><td width="5%" align="left" valign="top" style="font-size: 1em; padding: 10px 0pt 10px 20px; "><table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-size: 1em; "><tbody><tr style="font-size: 1em;"><td width="20%" align="right" style="font-size: 1em; ">3</td><td width="80%" align="left" style="font-size: 1em; "><input class="checkBox" type="checkbox" name="art" value=" 1-s2.0-S0973082612000476" style="font-size: 1em; padding-left: 6px; "></td><td width="5%" style="font-size: 1em; padding-left: 6px; "><span class="sprite_nsubIcon_sci_dir" title="You are not entitled to access the full text of this document" style="background-image: url(http://cdn.els-cdn.com/sd/img/resultsPageSpriteVert_131.png); background-attachment: scroll; height: 16px; display: inline-block; padding: 0px 0px 2px 16px !important; background-position: 0% -1370px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;"> </span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td width="95%" align="left" colspan="2" style="font-size: 1em; "><h3 style="font-size: 1em; margin: 0px; display: inline; font-weight: normal; "><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0973082612000476" class="cLink" querystr="?_rdoc=3&_fmt=high&_origin=browseVolIssue&_srch=hubEid(1-s2.0-S0973082613X0002X)&_docanchor=&_ct=14&_zone=rslt_list_item&md5=ce65bf684231aa815f338def8bc4ac9a" style="color: rgb(132, 0, 132); text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">The environmental impacts of charcoal production in tropical ecosystems of the world: A synthesis</span></a></h3><span style="font-size: 0.92em; color: rgb(126, 126, 126); white-space: nowrap;">Review Article</span><br><i>Pages 86-94</i><br>Emmanuel N. Chidumayo, Davison J. Gumbo</td><td width="95%" valign="top" align="left" style="font-size: 1em; "><br></td></tr></tbody></table><div style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 87px; margin-right: 10px; "><div class="svAbstract" style="font-size: 1em; "><div class="articleText" style="font-size: 1em; "><div class="articleText_indent" style="font-size: 1em; ">► The contribution of charcoal to deforestation in the tropics is less than 7%. ► Charcoal production most frequently results in forest degradation. ► Most charcoal areas have the potential for rapid forest recovery. ► Enhancing charcoal policies' legitimacy and effective implementation is needed. ► Charcoal can contribute to poverty reduction and environmental sustainability.</div></div></div></div><div id="resultsView_3" class="resultsView" style="font-size: 1em; "></div><table cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="0" class="resultRow" style="font-size: 1em; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(155, 155, 155); padding: 0px; width: 878px; position: static; z-index: auto; "><tbody><tr style="font-size: 1em;"><td width="5%" align="left" valign="top" style="font-size: 1em; padding: 10px 0pt 10px 20px; "><table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-size: 1em; "><tbody><tr style="font-size: 1em;"><td width="20%" align="right" style="font-size: 1em; ">4</td><td width="80%" align="left" style="font-size: 1em; "><input class="checkBox" type="checkbox" name="art" value=" 1-s2.0-S0973082612000452" style="font-size: 1em; padding-left: 6px; "></td><td width="5%" style="font-size: 1em; padding-left: 6px; "><span class="sprite_nsubIcon_sci_dir" title="You are not entitled to access the full text of this document" style="background-image: url(http://cdn.els-cdn.com/sd/img/resultsPageSpriteVert_131.png); background-attachment: scroll; height: 16px; display: inline-block; padding: 0px 0px 2px 16px !important; background-position: 0% -1370px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;"> </span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td width="95%" align="left" colspan="2" style="font-size: 1em; "><h3 style="font-size: 1em; margin: 0px; display: inline; font-weight: normal; "><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0973082612000452" class="cLink" querystr="?_rdoc=4&_fmt=high&_origin=browseVolIssue&_srch=hubEid(1-s2.0-S0973082613X0002X)&_docanchor=&_ct=14&_zone=rslt_list_item&md5=cee71115a201af1dc3c268faa235e018" style="color: rgb(132, 0, 132); text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Formalisation of charcoal value chains and livelihood outcomes in Central- and West Africa</span></a></h3><span style="font-size: 0.92em; color: rgb(126, 126, 126); white-space: nowrap;">Original Research Article</span><br><i>Pages 95-105</i><br>Jolien Schure, Verina Ingram, Maam Suwadu Sakho-Jimbira, Patrice Levang, K. Freerk Wiersum</td><td width="95%" valign="top" align="left" style="font-size: 1em; "><br></td></tr></tbody></table><div style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 87px; margin-right: 10px; "><div class="svAbstract" style="font-size: 1em; "><div class="articleText" style="font-size: 1em; "><div class="articleText_indent" style="font-size: 1em; ">► Informal rules dominate charcoal chains in Central- and West Africa. ► ‘Informal’ means access to many, overexploitation and little tax revenues. ► West Africa has more cross-sectorial formal mechanisms. ► Formal charcoal institutions risk reinforcing unequal distribution of benefits. ► Successes build upon decentralised management, tax incentives and reinvestments.</div></div></div></div><div id="resultsView_4" class="resultsView" style="font-size: 1em; "></div><table cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="0" class="resultRow" style="font-size: 1em; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(155, 155, 155); padding: 0px; width: 878px; position: static; z-index: auto; "><tbody><tr style="font-size: 1em;"><td width="5%" align="left" valign="top" style="font-size: 1em; padding: 10px 0pt 10px 20px; "><table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-size: 1em; "><tbody><tr style="font-size: 1em;"><td width="20%" align="right" style="font-size: 1em; ">5</td><td width="80%" align="left" style="font-size: 1em; "><input class="checkBox" type="checkbox" name="art" value=" 1-s2.0-S0973082612000543" style="font-size: 1em; padding-left: 6px; "></td><td width="5%" style="font-size: 1em; padding-left: 6px; "><span class="sprite_nsubIcon_sci_dir" title="You are not entitled to access the full text of this document" style="background-image: url(http://cdn.els-cdn.com/sd/img/resultsPageSpriteVert_131.png); background-attachment: scroll; height: 16px; display: inline-block; padding: 0px 0px 2px 16px !important; background-position: 0% -1370px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;"> </span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td width="95%" align="left" colspan="2" style="font-size: 1em; "><h3 style="font-size: 1em; margin: 0px; display: inline; font-weight: normal; "><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0973082612000543" class="cLink" querystr="?_rdoc=5&_fmt=high&_origin=browseVolIssue&_srch=hubEid(1-s2.0-S0973082613X0002X)&_docanchor=&_ct=14&_zone=rslt_list_item&md5=e271987f95d8528c241e74fcdaa00e38" style="color: rgb(132, 0, 132); text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Forest management and economic rents: Evidence from the charcoal trade in Madagascar</span></a></h3><span style="font-size: 0.92em; color: rgb(126, 126, 126); white-space: nowrap;">Original Research Article</span><br><i>Pages 106-115</i><br>Bart Minten, Klas Sander, David Stifel<br><div class="txt" style="font-size: 11px; padding-top: 5px; "><br></div></td><td width="95%" valign="top" align="left" style="font-size: 1em; "><br></td></tr></tbody></table><div style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 87px; margin-right: 10px; "><div class="svAbstract" style="font-size: 1em; "><div class="articleText" style="font-size: 1em; "><div class="articleText_indent" style="font-size: 1em; ">► Margins are higher in regulated charcoal compared to unregulated agricultural trade. ► Charcoal traders with more government connections have greater access to rents. ► Efforts to reform policies through licensing must take rents into account.</div></div></div></div><div id="resultsView_5" class="resultsView" style="font-size: 1em; "></div><table cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="0" class="resultRow" style="font-size: 1em; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(155, 155, 155); padding: 0px; width: 878px; position: static; z-index: auto; "><tbody><tr style="font-size: 1em;"><td width="5%" align="left" valign="top" style="font-size: 1em; padding: 10px 0pt 10px 20px; "><table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-size: 1em; "><tbody><tr style="font-size: 1em;"><td width="20%" align="right" style="font-size: 1em; ">6</td><td width="80%" align="left" style="font-size: 1em; "><input class="checkBox" type="checkbox" name="art" value=" 1-s2.0-S0973082612000932" style="font-size: 1em; padding-left: 6px; "></td><td width="5%" style="font-size: 1em; padding-left: 6px; "><span class="sprite_nsubIcon_sci_dir" title="You are not entitled to access the full text of this document" style="background-image: url(http://cdn.els-cdn.com/sd/img/resultsPageSpriteVert_131.png); background-attachment: scroll; height: 16px; display: inline-block; padding: 0px 0px 2px 16px !important; background-position: 0% -1370px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;"> </span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td width="95%" align="left" colspan="2" style="font-size: 1em; "><h3 style="font-size: 1em; margin: 0px; display: inline; font-weight: normal; "><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0973082612000932" class="cLink" querystr="?_rdoc=6&_fmt=high&_origin=browseVolIssue&_srch=hubEid(1-s2.0-S0973082613X0002X)&_docanchor=&_ct=14&_zone=rslt_list_item&md5=8328be51f82d219f8283be4a1cff5947" style="color: rgb(132, 0, 132); text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Enabling reforms: Analyzing the political economy of the charcoal sector in Tanzania</span></a></h3><span style="font-size: 0.92em; color: rgb(126, 126, 126); white-space: nowrap;"> Original Research Article</span><br><i>Pages 116-126</i><br>Klas Sander, Clemens Gros, Christian Peter</td><td width="95%" valign="top" align="left" style="font-size: 1em; "><br></td></tr></tbody></table><div style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 87px; margin-right: 10px; "><div class="svAbstract" style="font-size: 1em; "><div class="articleText" style="font-size: 1em; "><div class="articleText_indent" style="font-size: 1em; ">► Transformation of anecdotal evidence into documented facts and figures. ► Using established methodology for charcoal sector analysis. ► Verification that real political power lies with powerful groups outside government.</div></div></div></div><div id="resultsView_6" class="resultsView" style="font-size: 1em; "></div><table cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="0" class="resultRow" style="font-size: 1em; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(155, 155, 155); padding: 0px; width: 878px; position: static; z-index: auto; "><tbody><tr style="font-size: 1em;"><td width="5%" align="left" valign="top" style="font-size: 1em; padding: 10px 0pt 10px 20px; "><table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-size: 1em; "><tbody><tr style="font-size: 1em;"><td width="20%" align="right" style="font-size: 1em; ">7</td><td width="80%" align="left" style="font-size: 1em; "><input class="checkBox" type="checkbox" name="art" value=" 1-s2.0-S0973082612000506" style="font-size: 1em; padding-left: 6px; "></td><td width="5%" style="font-size: 1em; padding-left: 6px; "><span class="sprite_nsubIcon_sci_dir" title="You are not entitled to access the full text of this document" style="background-image: url(http://cdn.els-cdn.com/sd/img/resultsPageSpriteVert_131.png); background-attachment: scroll; height: 16px; display: inline-block; padding: 0px 0px 2px 16px !important; background-position: 0% -1370px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;"> </span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td width="95%" align="left" colspan="2" style="font-size: 1em; "><h3 style="font-size: 1em; margin: 0px; display: inline; font-weight: normal; "><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0973082612000506" class="cLink" querystr="?_rdoc=7&_fmt=high&_origin=browseVolIssue&_srch=hubEid(1-s2.0-S0973082613X0002X)&_docanchor=&_ct=14&_zone=rslt_list_item&md5=f77a16bdb8147f7885e04133f97711de" style="color: rgb(132, 0, 132); text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Charcoal, livelihoods, and poverty reduction: Evidence from sub-Saharan Africa</span></a></h3><span style="font-size: 0.92em; color: rgb(126, 126, 126); white-space: nowrap;"> Review Article</span><br><i>Pages 127-137</i><br>Leo C. Zulu, Robert B. Richardson</td><td width="95%" valign="top" align="left" style="font-size: 1em; "><br></td></tr></tbody></table><div style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 87px; margin-right: 10px; "><div class="svAbstract" style="font-size: 1em; "><div class="articleText" style="font-size: 1em; "><div class="articleText_indent" style="font-size: 1em; ">► We review charcoal impacts on poverty reduction in Africa on four dimensions. ► Charcoal is vital sector for energy, economy, poverty reduction; but is neglected. ► Benefits: vital rural-cash safety nets; urban income, affordable, reliable energy. ► Charcoal has negative environmental, health, social, livelihood, and power impacts. ► Needed: pluralistic policy, regulated sustained use, pro-poor, incentives, advocacy.</div></div></div></div><div id="resultsView_7" class="resultsView" style="font-size: 1em; "></div><table cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="0" class="resultRow" style="font-size: 1em; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(155, 155, 155); padding: 0px; width: 878px; position: static; z-index: auto; "><tbody><tr style="font-size: 1em;"><td width="5%" align="left" valign="top" style="font-size: 1em; padding: 10px 0pt 10px 20px; "><table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-size: 1em; "><tbody><tr style="font-size: 1em;"><td width="20%" align="right" style="font-size: 1em; ">8</td><td width="80%" align="left" style="font-size: 1em; "><input class="checkBox" type="checkbox" name="art" value=" 1-s2.0-S0973082612000877" style="font-size: 1em; padding-left: 6px; "></td><td width="5%" style="font-size: 1em; padding-left: 6px; "><span class="sprite_nsubIcon_sci_dir" title="You are not entitled to access the full text of this document" style="background-image: url(http://cdn.els-cdn.com/sd/img/resultsPageSpriteVert_131.png); background-attachment: scroll; height: 16px; display: inline-block; padding: 0px 0px 2px 16px !important; background-position: 0% -1370px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;"> </span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td width="95%" align="left" colspan="2" style="font-size: 1em; "><h3 style="font-size: 1em; margin: 0px; display: inline; font-weight: normal; "><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0973082612000877" class="cLink" querystr="?_rdoc=8&_fmt=high&_origin=browseVolIssue&_srch=hubEid(1-s2.0-S0973082613X0002X)&_docanchor=&_ct=14&_zone=rslt_list_item&md5=9e2ab0167f0466bbe0104f7610bcb1d7" style="color: rgb(132, 0, 132); text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Changing land management: A case study of charcoal production among a group of pastoral women in northern Tanzania</span></a></h3><span style="font-size: 0.92em; color: rgb(126, 126, 126); white-space: nowrap;"> Original Research Article</span><br><i>Pages 138-145</i><br>Ramona J. Butz</td><td width="95%" valign="top" align="left" style="font-size: 1em; "><br></td></tr></tbody></table><div style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 87px; margin-right: 10px; "><div class="svAbstract" style="font-size: 1em; "><div class="articleText" style="font-size: 1em; "><div class="articleText_indent" style="font-size: 1em; ">► Dependence on fuelwood for energy is placing pressure on forest resources. ► Charcoal serves as a cash crop for a growing number of women. ► Producers made up 4–6% of the village population in 2005. ► Production is unsustainable over the long term and may lead to forest degradation.</div></div></div></div><div id="resultsView_8" class="resultsView" style="font-size: 1em; "></div><table cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="0" class="resultRow" style="font-size: 1em; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(155, 155, 155); padding: 0px; width: 878px; position: static; z-index: auto; "><tbody><tr style="font-size: 1em;"><td width="5%" align="left" valign="top" style="font-size: 1em; padding: 10px 0pt 10px 20px; "><table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-size: 1em; "><tbody><tr style="font-size: 1em;"><td width="20%" align="right" style="font-size: 1em; ">9</td><td width="80%" align="left" style="font-size: 1em; "><input class="checkBox" type="checkbox" name="art" value=" 1-s2.0-S0973082612000749" style="font-size: 1em; padding-left: 6px; "></td><td width="5%" style="font-size: 1em; padding-left: 6px; "><span class="sprite_nsubIcon_sci_dir" title="You are not entitled to access the full text of this document" style="background-image: url(http://cdn.els-cdn.com/sd/img/resultsPageSpriteVert_131.png); background-attachment: scroll; height: 16px; display: inline-block; padding: 0px 0px 2px 16px !important; background-position: 0% -1370px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;"> </span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td width="95%" align="left" colspan="2" style="font-size: 1em; "><h3 style="font-size: 1em; margin: 0px; display: inline; font-weight: normal; "><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0973082612000749" class="cLink" querystr="?_rdoc=9&_fmt=high&_origin=browseVolIssue&_srch=hubEid(1-s2.0-S0973082613X0002X)&_docanchor=&_ct=14&_zone=rslt_list_item&md5=c77740f5604e0a163b75060350116948" style="color: rgb(132, 0, 132); text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Can there be energy policy in Sub-Saharan Africa without biomass?</span></a></h3><span style="font-size: 0.92em; color: rgb(126, 126, 126); white-space: nowrap;"> Review Article</span><br><i>Pages 146-152</i><br>Matthew Owen, Robert van der Plas, Steve Sepp</td><td width="95%" valign="top" align="left" style="font-size: 1em; "><br></td></tr></tbody></table><div style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 87px; margin-right: 10px; "><div class="svAbstract" style="font-size: 1em; "><div class="articleText" style="font-size: 1em; "><div class="articleText_indent" style="font-size: 1em; ">► Most energy policies in sub-Saharan Africa prioritise petroleum and electricity. ► Benefits and opportunities offered by solid biomass energy are being missed. ► Efforts to design more biomass-friendly policies encounter government resistance. ► Measures to formalise and modernise the sector could help improve energy policy.</div></div></div></div><div id="resultsView_9" class="resultsView" style="font-size: 1em; "></div><table cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="0" class="resultRow" style="font-size: 1em; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(155, 155, 155); padding: 0px; width: 878px; position: static; z-index: auto; "><tbody><tr style="font-size: 1em;"><td width="5%" align="left" valign="top" style="font-size: 1em; padding: 10px 0pt 10px 20px; "><table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-size: 1em; "><tbody><tr style="font-size: 1em;"><td width="20%" align="right" style="font-size: 1em; ">10</td><td width="80%" align="left" style="font-size: 1em; "><input class="checkBox" type="checkbox" name="art" value=" 1-s2.0-S0973082612000804" style="font-size: 1em; padding-left: 6px; "></td><td width="5%" style="font-size: 1em; padding-left: 6px; "><span class="sprite_nsubIcon_sci_dir" title="You are not entitled to access the full text of this document" style="background-image: url(http://cdn.els-cdn.com/sd/img/resultsPageSpriteVert_131.png); background-attachment: scroll; height: 16px; display: inline-block; padding: 0px 0px 2px 16px !important; background-position: 0% -1370px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;"> </span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td width="95%" align="left" colspan="2" style="font-size: 1em; "><h3 style="font-size: 1em; margin: 0px; display: inline; font-weight: normal; "><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0973082612000804" class="cLink" querystr="?_rdoc=10&_fmt=high&_origin=browseVolIssue&_srch=hubEid(1-s2.0-S0973082613X0002X)&_docanchor=&_ct=14&_zone=rslt_list_item&md5=5d66914d9099690ab6ccf21bec19ac88" style="color: rgb(132, 0, 132); text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">The influence of initial fuel load on Fuel to Cook for batch loaded charcoal cookstoves</span></a></h3><span style="font-size: 0.92em; color: rgb(126, 126, 126); white-space: nowrap;">Original Research Article</span><br><i>Pages 153-157</i><br>Samuel Bentson, Dean Still, Ryan Thompson, Kelley Grabow</td><td width="95%" valign="top" align="left" style="font-size: 1em; "><br></td></tr></tbody></table><div style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 87px; margin-right: 10px; "><div class="svAbstract" style="font-size: 1em; "><div class="articleText" style="font-size: 1em; "><div class="articleText_indent" style="font-size: 1em; ">► Fourteen charcoal cook stoves were tested in the laboratory using a modified WBT4.1.2. ► Fuel to Cook was found to be dependent on the initial fuel load. ► All stoves were found to have similar Fuel to Cook when they were loaded with their minimum fuel loads.</div></div></div></div><div id="resultsView_10" class="resultsView" style="font-size: 1em; "></div><table cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="0" class="resultRow" style="font-size: 1em; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(155, 155, 155); padding: 0px; width: 878px; position: static; z-index: auto; "><tbody><tr style="font-size: 1em;"><td width="5%" align="left" valign="top" style="font-size: 1em; padding: 10px 0pt 10px 20px; "><table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-size: 1em; "><tbody><tr style="font-size: 1em;"><td width="20%" align="right" style="font-size: 1em; ">11</td><td width="80%" align="left" style="font-size: 1em; "><input class="checkBox" type="checkbox" name="art" value=" 1-s2.0-S0973082612000750" style="font-size: 1em; padding-left: 6px; "></td><td width="5%" style="font-size: 1em; padding-left: 6px; "><span class="sprite_nsubIcon_sci_dir" title="You are not entitled to access the full text of this document" style="background-image: url(http://cdn.els-cdn.com/sd/img/resultsPageSpriteVert_131.png); background-attachment: scroll; height: 16px; display: inline-block; padding: 0px 0px 2px 16px !important; background-position: 0% -1370px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;"> </span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td width="95%" align="left" colspan="2" style="font-size: 1em; "><h3 style="font-size: 1em; margin: 0px; display: inline; font-weight: normal; "><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0973082612000750" class="cLink" querystr="?_rdoc=11&_fmt=high&_origin=browseVolIssue&_srch=hubEid(1-s2.0-S0973082613X0002X)&_docanchor=&_ct=14&_zone=rslt_list_item&md5=faaf0d585fed794c1e3cfbbe2b2e622e" style="color: rgb(132, 0, 132); text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Opportunities, challenges and way forward for the charcoal briquette industry in Sub-Saharan Africa</span></a></h3><span style="font-size: 0.92em; color: rgb(126, 126, 126); white-space: nowrap;">Original Research Article</span><br><i>Pages 158-170</i><br>Tuyeni H. Mwampamba, Matthew Owen, Maurice Pigaht</td><td width="95%" valign="top" align="left" style="font-size: 1em; "><br></td></tr></tbody></table><div style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 87px; margin-right: 10px; "><div class="svAbstract" style="font-size: 1em; "><div class="articleText" style="font-size: 1em; "><div class="articleText_indent" style="font-size: 1em; ">► Briquette producers are struggling to stay productive despite existing opportunities. ► Slow uptake of briquettes stunts industry growth due to insufficient sales volumes. ► Misconceptions of briquettes' potential and non-conducive policies contribute. ► Expanding to non-traditional markets and applications is required for growth. ► Active role of government pressed on by an association of producers is direly needed.</div></div></div></div><div id="resultsView_11" class="resultsView" style="font-size: 1em; "></div><table cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="0" class="resultRow" style="font-size: 1em; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(155, 155, 155); padding: 0px; width: 878px; position: static; z-index: auto; "><tbody><tr style="font-size: 1em;"><td width="5%" align="left" valign="top" style="font-size: 1em; padding: 10px 0pt 10px 20px; "><table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-size: 1em; "><tbody><tr style="font-size: 1em;"><td width="20%" align="right" style="font-size: 1em; ">12</td><td width="80%" align="left" style="font-size: 1em; "><input class="checkBox" type="checkbox" name="art" value=" 1-s2.0-S0973082612000890" style="font-size: 1em; padding-left: 6px; "></td><td width="5%" style="font-size: 1em; padding-left: 6px; "><span class="sprite_nsubIcon_sci_dir" title="You are not entitled to access the full text of this document" style="background-image: url(http://cdn.els-cdn.com/sd/img/resultsPageSpriteVert_131.png); background-attachment: scroll; height: 16px; display: inline-block; padding: 0px 0px 2px 16px !important; background-position: 0% -1370px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;"> </span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td width="95%" align="left" colspan="2" style="font-size: 1em; "><h3 style="font-size: 1em; margin: 0px; display: inline; font-weight: normal; "><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0973082612000890" class="cLink" querystr="?_rdoc=12&_fmt=high&_origin=browseVolIssue&_srch=hubEid(1-s2.0-S0973082613X0002X)&_docanchor=&_ct=14&_zone=rslt_list_item&md5=eda645a0cff27f16d154d1decc3dc848" style="color: rgb(132, 0, 132); text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Cogenerating electricity from charcoaling: A promising new advanced technology</span></a></h3><span style="font-size: 0.92em; color: rgb(126, 126, 126); white-space: nowrap;"> Original Research Article</span><br><i>Pages 171-176</i><br>Rogério Carneiro de Miranda, Rob Bailis, Adriana de Oliveira Vilela</td><td width="95%" valign="top" align="left" style="font-size: 1em; "><br></td></tr></tbody></table><div style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 87px; margin-right: 10px; "><div class="svAbstract" style="font-size: 1em; "><div class="articleText" style="font-size: 1em; "><div class="articleText_indent" style="font-size: 1em; ">► Traditional charcoal making through batch pyrolysis loses 50% of feedstock energy. ► Losses occur because high-energy pyrolysis gases escape unutilized. ► Pyrolysis gases could be used to cogenerate heat and electricity. ► The technology reduces emissions of GHG, generates bio power, and boosts income.</div></div></div></div><div id="resultsView_12" class="resultsView" style="font-size: 1em; "></div><table cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="0" class="resultRow" style="font-size: 1em; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(155, 155, 155); padding: 0px; width: 878px; position: static; z-index: auto; "><tbody><tr style="font-size: 1em;"><td width="5%" align="left" valign="top" style="font-size: 1em; padding: 10px 0pt 10px 20px; "><table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-size: 1em; "><tbody><tr style="font-size: 1em;"><td width="20%" align="right" style="font-size: 1em; ">13</td><td width="80%" align="left" style="font-size: 1em; "><input class="checkBox" type="checkbox" name="art" value=" 1-s2.0-S0973082612000762" style="font-size: 1em; padding-left: 6px; "></td><td width="5%" style="font-size: 1em; padding-left: 6px; "><span class="sprite_nsubIcon_sci_dir" title="You are not entitled to access the full text of this document" style="background-image: url(http://cdn.els-cdn.com/sd/img/resultsPageSpriteVert_131.png); background-attachment: scroll; height: 16px; display: inline-block; padding: 0px 0px 2px 16px !important; background-position: 0% -1370px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;"> </span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td width="95%" align="left" colspan="2" style="font-size: 1em; "><h3 style="font-size: 1em; margin: 0px; display: inline; font-weight: normal; "><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0973082612000762" class="cLink" querystr="?_rdoc=13&_fmt=high&_origin=browseVolIssue&_srch=hubEid(1-s2.0-S0973082613X0002X)&_docanchor=&_ct=14&_zone=rslt_list_item&md5=7b597cdf9dbb05ce11712e1592e79761" style="color: rgb(132, 0, 132); text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Estimating the spatial distribution of woody biomass suitable for charcoal making from remote sensing and geostatistics in central Mexico</span></a></h3><span style="font-size: 0.92em; color: rgb(126, 126, 126); white-space: nowrap;"> Original Research Article</span><br><i>Pages 177-188</i><br>Miguel Ángel Castillo-Santiago, Adrián Ghilardi, Ken Oyama, José Luis Hernández-Stefanoni, Ignacio Torres, Alejandro Flamenco-Sandoval, Ana Fernández, Jean-François Mas</td><td width="95%" valign="top" align="left" style="font-size: 1em; "><br></td></tr></tbody></table><div style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 87px; margin-right: 10px; "><div class="svAbstract" style="font-size: 1em; "><div class="articleText" style="font-size: 1em; "><div class="articleText_indent" style="font-size: 1em; ">► Satellite imagery and ground data were used to map biomass suitable for charcoal. ► The spatial autocorrelation helped improving the accuracy of estimations. ► Results are a key milestone in planning for sustainable charcoal.</div></div></div></div><div id="resultsView_13" class="resultsView" style="font-size: 1em; "></div><table cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="0" class="resultRow" style="font-size: 1em; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(155, 155, 155); padding: 0px; width: 878px; position: static; z-index: auto; "><tbody><tr style="font-size: 1em;"><td width="5%" align="left" valign="top" style="font-size: 1em; padding: 10px 0pt 10px 20px; "><table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-size: 1em; "><tbody><tr style="font-size: 1em;"><td width="20%" align="right" style="font-size: 1em; ">14</td><td width="80%" align="left" style="font-size: 1em; "><input class="checkBox" type="checkbox" name="art" value=" 1-s2.0-S0973082612000774" style="font-size: 1em; padding-left: 6px; "></td><td width="5%" style="font-size: 1em; padding-left: 6px; "><span class="sprite_nsubIcon_sci_dir" title="You are not entitled to access the full text of this document" style="background-image: url(http://cdn.els-cdn.com/sd/img/resultsPageSpriteVert_131.png); background-attachment: scroll; height: 16px; display: inline-block; padding: 0px 0px 2px 16px !important; background-position: 0% -1370px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;"> </span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td width="95%" align="left" colspan="2" style="font-size: 1em; "><h3 style="font-size: 1em; margin: 0px; display: inline; font-weight: normal; "><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0973082612000774" class="cLink" querystr="?_rdoc=14&_fmt=high&_origin=browseVolIssue&_srch=hubEid(1-s2.0-S0973082613X0002X)&_docanchor=&_ct=14&_zone=rslt_list_item&md5=effbaff0b7d9c75cf2a6eb8f51cb1094" style="color: rgb(132, 0, 132); text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Innovation in charcoal production: A comparative life-cycle assessment of two kiln technologies in Brazil</span></a></h3><span style="font-size: 0.92em; color: rgb(126, 126, 126); white-space: nowrap;">Original Research Article</span><br><i>Pages 189-200</i><br>Rob Bailis, Charissa Rujanavech, Puneet Dwivedi, Adriana de Oliveira Vilela, Howard Chang, Rogério Carneiro de Miranda</td><td width="95%" valign="top" align="left" style="font-size: 1em; "><br></td></tr></tbody></table><div style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 87px; margin-right: 10px; "><div class="svAbstract" style="font-size: 1em; "><div class="articleText" style="font-size: 1em; "><div class="articleText_indent" style="font-size: 1em; ">► Brazil is the largest charcoal producing nation using primarily hot-tail kilns. ► Metal “container kilns” are being tested as a more efficient alternative. ► Container kilns allow the use of pyrolysis gases for production of heat and power. ► LCA shows container kilns perform better in energy, GHG emissions, and water use.</div></div></div></div><div id="resultsView_14" class="resultsView" style="font-size: 1em; "></div></div></div></div></form></div></div></div></div></div><div style="font-size: 1em; clear: both; "></div></div><div style="font-size: 12px; font-family: arial, verdana, helvetica, sans-serif; margin-right: 130px; "><table class="pubBody" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%" style="font-size: 1em; "><tbody><tr class="txt" style="font-size: 1em; height: 22px; "></tr></tbody></table></div><div><br></div><div>3. The cite below gives a $31.50 bargain.</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br><div><div>On Aug 16, 2013, at 4:45 AM, Rogerio carneiro de miranda <<a href="mailto:carneirodemiranda@gmail.com">carneirodemiranda@gmail.com</a>> wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><blockquote type="cite"><div dir="ltr">Chris, here is a clue <div><br></div><div><a href="http://www.prolenha.org.br/images/arquivos/esd_2012_miranda_etal_charcoal_cogen.pdf">http://www.prolenha.org.br/images/arquivos/esd_2012_miranda_etal_charcoal_cogen.pdf</a><br>
</div><div><br></div><div>PROLENHA is planning to hold a workshop on charcoaling cogeneration in the near future.</div><div><br></div><div>Rogério</div></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br><br></div></blockquote></div><br></div></div></body></html>