<html><body><div style="color:#000; background-color:#fff; font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt"><div><span><span class="hps">This morning</span> <span class="hps">I</span> <span class="hps">try to</span> <span class="hps">upload photos</span> <span class="hps">but it seems</span> <span class="hps">they are</span> <span class="hps">very heavy</span> <span class="hps">at least this time</span> <span class="hps">hope to upload</span> <span class="hps">one or two,</span> <span class="hps">Frank is</span><span class="hps"> right</span><span>, the skirt</span> <span class="hps">makes a big difference</span><span>, I'm in</span> <span class="hps alt-edited">the process of finishing</span> <span class="hps">my design</span> <span class="hps">that</span> <span class="hps">I hope will be</span> <span class="hps">accepted in</span> <span class="hps">haiti. </span></span></div><div><span><span
class="hps"></span></span> </div><div><span><span class="hps">Gus </span></span></div><div><span><span class="hps">El Salvador</span></span></div><div><br></div> <div style="font-family: times new roman, new york, times, serif; font-size: 12pt;"> <div style="font-family: times new roman, new york, times, serif; font-size: 12pt;"> <div dir="ltr"> <div class="hr" style="margin: 5px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); height: 0px; line-height: 0; font-size: 0px;" contenteditable="false" readonly="true"></div> <font face="Arial" size="2"> <b><span style="font-weight: bold;">From:</span></b> Crispin Pemberton-Pigott <crispinpigott@gmail.com><br> <b><span style="font-weight: bold;">To:</span></b> 'Discussion of biomass cooking stoves' <stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org> <br> <b><span style="font-weight: bold;">Sent:</span></b> Tuesday, September 17, 2013 8:37 PM<br> <b><span style="font-weight: bold;">Subject:</span></b>
Re: [Stoves] Charcoal stove design<br> </font> </div> <div class="y_msg_container"><br>
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--></style><div><div class="yiv1850617292WordSection1"><div class="yiv1850617292MsoNormal"><span style='color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;'>Dear Frank</span></div><div class="yiv1850617292MsoNormal"><span style='color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;'> </span></div><div class="yiv1850617292MsoNormal"><span style='color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;'>Charcoal largely burns C > CO2 and converts some of it back to CO in the hot zone above the hot coals. If the excess air level is high it can create a lot of CO directly and not burn it. The high CO detected in nearly all charcoal stoves is an indication of poor combustion and is not an inherent property of the fuel. Most charcoal stoves are of a brazier type which is basically not a stove at all.</span></div><div class="yiv1850617292MsoNormal"><span style='color:
rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;'> </span></div><div class="yiv1850617292MsoNormal"><span style='color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;'>When wood burns to completion it is burning charcoal somewhere in there, but under better conditions. If you put wood in a ‘charcoal stove’ and lit it there would be pretty bad emissions.</span></div><div class="yiv1850617292MsoNormal"><span style='color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;'> </span></div><div class="yiv1850617292MsoNormal"><span style='color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;'>Most people building charcoal stoves try to get the secondary air through the grate from below. Under ideal conditions this can work well, which is to say maybe 3% of the time. The rest of the time, and particularly at low power, the EA is far too high, the
fire is cool and CO is produced. We think it makes ‘a lot’ of CO because a) the majority of what could burn is Carbon, and b) we don’t measure H2 so assume it is not there. Duh! There is plenty of both when combustion is poor.</span></div><div class="yiv1850617292MsoNormal"><span style='color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;'> </span></div><div class="yiv1850617292MsoNormal"><span style='color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;'>There is nothing ‘special’ about burning a high carbon fuel. It requires the same attention to details with respect to the air-fuel ratio and the combustion conditions. Obviously on average there will be more CO2 that H2O in the exhaust because the ratio is different, and it requires more air per kg because there is much less O2 inside the fuel.</span></div><div class="yiv1850617292MsoNormal"><span style='color:
rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;'> </span></div><div class="yiv1850617292MsoNormal"><span style='color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;'>Regards</span></div><div class="yiv1850617292MsoNormal"><span style='color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;'>Crispin</span></div><div class="yiv1850617292MsoNormal"><span style='color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;'> </span></div><div class="yiv1850617292MsoNormal"><span style='color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;'>+++++++</span><span style='font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;'></span></div><div class="yiv1850617292MsoNormal"><span style='color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;'> </span></div><div class="yiv1850617292MsoNormal"><b><span
lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(153, 51, 102); font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;'>Paul and Stovers,</span></b></div><div class="yiv1850617292MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(153, 51, 102); font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;'> </span></b></div><div class="yiv1850617292MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(153, 51, 102); font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;'>I’ve never seen a char stove and, from what I have seen here in the lab working with biomass to char I am surprised it works at all. So there is a lot I don’t understand about this process. You suggest the char is heated when combined with oxygen to produce C > CO then moved to another point and heated again to produce CO > CO2. Seems to me both would create a challenge. Does the char need a little biomass mixed in with it to keep reacting? Or a fan? Does this work the same as burning
coal?</span></b></div><div class="yiv1850617292MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(153, 51, 102); font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;'> </span></b></div><div class="yiv1850617292MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(153, 51, 102); font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;'>Thanks</span></b></div><div class="yiv1850617292MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(153, 51, 102); font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;'> </span></b></div><div class="yiv1850617292MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(153, 51, 102); font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;'>Frank</span></b></div><div class="yiv1850617292MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(153, 51, 102); font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;'> </span></b></div><div class="yiv1850617292MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(153, 51, 102);
font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;'> </span></b></div><div class="yiv1850617292MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(153, 51, 102); font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif";'>Frank Shields</span></b></div><div class="yiv1850617292MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(153, 51, 102); font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif";'>Control Laboratories; Inc.</span></b></div><div class="yiv1850617292MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(153, 51, 102); font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif";'>42 Hangar Way</span></b></div><div class="yiv1850617292MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(153, 51, 102); font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif";'>Watsonville, CA 95076</span></b></div><div class="yiv1850617292MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(153, 51, 102); font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif";'>(831) 724-5422 tel</span></b></div><div class="yiv1850617292MsoNormal"><b><span
lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(153, 51, 102); font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif";'>(831) 724-3188 fax</span></b></div><div class="yiv1850617292MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(153, 51, 102); font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif";'><a href="mailto:frank@biocharlab.com" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:frank@biocharlab.com">frank@biocharlab.com</a></span></b></div><div class="yiv1850617292MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(153, 51, 102); font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif";'><a href="http://www.controllabs.com/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">http://www.controllabs.com/</a></span></b></div><div class="yiv1850617292MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(153, 51, 102); font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;'> </span></b></div><div class="yiv1850617292MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(153, 51, 102); font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;'>
</span></b></div><div class="yiv1850617292MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(153, 51, 102); font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;'> </span></b></div><div class="yiv1850617292MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(153, 51, 102); font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;'> </span></b></div><div class="yiv1850617292MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(153, 51, 102); font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;'> </span></b></div><div class="yiv1850617292MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(153, 51, 102); font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;'> </span></b></div><div><div style="border-width: 1pt medium medium; border-style: solid none none; border-color: rgb(181, 196, 223) currentColor currentColor; padding: 3pt 0mm 0mm;"><div class="yiv1850617292MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: windowtext; font-family:
"Tahoma", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;'>From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: windowtext; font-family: "Tahoma", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;'> Paul Anderson [<a href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu">mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu</a>] <br><b>Sent:</b> Monday, September 16, 2013 11:17 PM<br><b>To:</b> Discussion of biomass cooking stoves<br><b>Cc:</b> Frank Shields<br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [Stoves] Charcoal stove design</span></div></div></div><div class="yiv1850617292MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div><div><div class="yiv1850617292MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt;"><span lang="EN-US">Frank and all Stovers,<br><br>When combustible gases are produced (and CO is produced in the charcoal stoves), the air for combusting those gases would be the secondary air.<br><br>In typical charcoal stoves that air comes in over the top rim of the stoves, and is poorly mixed, and
the result is massive CO into the room. And very little air can enter when a pot is in place, especially if there is also a pot skirt.<br><br>Work on introducing secondary air via specific openings can be seen some nice work done by GIZ:<br><br><a href="https://energypedia.info/wiki/File:ECLAIR_Benin_stove-factsheet_eng.pdf" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">https://energypedia.info/wiki/File:ECLAIR_Benin_stove-factsheet_eng.pdf</a> <br><br>More work needs to be done on this topic.<br><br>About reflective shinny surfaces, does anyone have any info that is related to stoves comparing metals (different status of shinny) and clay/mud/ceramic? For example, how much more heat-to-the-pot is gained by using metal versus ceramic, and is that difference sufficient to justify (in part?) the extra cost of metal? High mass ceramic/clay takes up more heat than does the metal, but is it really significantly
more?<br><br>Paul</span></div><pre><span lang="EN-US">Doc / Dr TLUD / Prof. Paul S. Anderson, PhD </span></pre><pre><span lang="EN-US">Email: <a href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu">psanders@ilstu.edu</a> </span></pre><pre><span lang="EN-US">Skype: paultlud Phone: +1-309-452-7072</span></pre><pre><span lang="EN-US">Website: <a href="http://www.drtlud.com/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">http://www.drtlud.com/</a></span></pre><div class="yiv1850617292MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">On 9/16/2013 1:00 PM, Frank Shields wrote:</span></div></div><blockquote style="margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 5pt;"><div class="yiv1850617292MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;'>Stovers and Paul Anderson, </span></b><span
lang="EN-US"></span></div><div class="yiv1850617292MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;'> </span></b><span lang="EN-US"></span></div><div class="yiv1850617292MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;'>Since good char burns with little smoke it seems there could be some design improvements from the stove in Paul’s attachment:</span></b><span lang="EN-US"></span></div><div class="yiv1850617292MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;'> </span></b><span lang="EN-US"></span></div><div class="yiv1850617292MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US"><span>1)<span style='font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;'> </span></span></span><b><span
lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;'>We can use shinny surfaces, perhaps like a bowl under the charcoal, to reflect the heat up to the pot.</span></b><span lang="EN-US"></span></div><div class="yiv1850617292MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US"><span>2)<span style='font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;'> </span></span></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;'>Best to heat a pot we need a blast of hot air directed at the pot -that is not available with radiant heat. I believe to get char to burn we need the same; a blast of air directed at the char. Perhaps because when the carbon goes to CO or CO2 it releases enough heat to start another reaction IF there is oxygen stuck to that carbon allowing a reaction to take place. If not the heat
dissipates and does little. </span></b><span lang="EN-US"></span></div><div class="yiv1850617292MsoListParagraph"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;'> </span></b><span lang="EN-US"></span></div><div class="yiv1850617292MsoListParagraph"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;'>Wondering: if a basket of char fitted with a plate at the bottom set on a spring pressing char up against a top grate. The container sealed such that primary air being drawn is directed through a pipe blasting 2cm from the top of the char bed (vertical pipe through the center of the char). The reflective surface directing heat produced to the pot. Something like that?</span></b><span lang="EN-US"></span></div><div class="yiv1850617292MsoListParagraph"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family:
"Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;'> </span></b><span lang="EN-US"></span></div><div class="yiv1850617292MsoListParagraph"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;'>Also; For char stoves is there ever a secondary? </span></b><span lang="EN-US"></span></div><div class="yiv1850617292MsoListParagraph"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;'> </span></b><span lang="EN-US"></span></div><div class="yiv1850617292MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;'>Thanks</span></b><span lang="EN-US"></span></div><div class="yiv1850617292MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;'> </span></b><span lang="EN-US"></span></div><div
class="yiv1850617292MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;'>Frank</span></b><span lang="EN-US"></span></div><div class="yiv1850617292MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;'> </span></b><span lang="EN-US"></span></div><div class="yiv1850617292MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;'> </span></b><span lang="EN-US"></span></div><div class="yiv1850617292MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif";'>Frank Shields</span></b><span lang="EN-US"></span></div><div class="yiv1850617292MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif";'>Control Laboratories; Inc.</span></b><span lang="EN-US"></span></div><div
class="yiv1850617292MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif";'>42 Hangar Way</span></b><span lang="EN-US"></span></div><div class="yiv1850617292MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif";'>Watsonville, CA 95076</span></b><span lang="EN-US"></span></div><div class="yiv1850617292MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif";'>(831) 724-5422 tel</span></b><span lang="EN-US"></span></div><div class="yiv1850617292MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif";'>(831) 724-3188 fax</span></b><span lang="EN-US"></span></div><div class="yiv1850617292MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif";'><a href="mailto:frank@biocharlab.com" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"
ymailto="mailto:frank@biocharlab.com">frank@biocharlab.com</a></span></b><span lang="EN-US"></span></div><div class="yiv1850617292MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif";'><a href="http://www.controllabs.com/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">http://www.controllabs.com/</a></span></b><span lang="EN-US"></span></div><div class="yiv1850617292MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;'> </span></b><span lang="EN-US"></span></div><div class="yiv1850617292MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;'> </span></b><span lang="EN-US"></span></div><div class="yiv1850617292MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;'> </span></b><span lang="EN-US"></span></div><div
class="yiv1850617292MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt;'> </span></b><span lang="EN-US"></span></div><div><div style="border-width: 1pt medium medium; border-style: solid none none; border-color: rgb(181, 196, 223) currentColor currentColor; padding: 3pt 0mm 0mm;"><div class="yiv1850617292MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: windowtext; font-family: "Tahoma", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;'>From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style='color: windowtext; font-family: "Tahoma", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt;'> Stoves [<a href="mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org">mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Paul Anderson<br><b>Sent:</b> Monday, September 16, 2013 7:24 AM<br><b>To:</b> Discussion of biomass cooking stoves; James S.
Schoner<br><b>Subject:</b> [Stoves] Amount of charcoal for simmering</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></div></div></div><div class="yiv1850617292MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></div><div class="yiv1850617292MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt;"><span lang="EN-US">Stovers, (this will also be a "post" at my <a href="http://www.drtlud.com/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">http://www.drtlud.com/</a> website, BUT all replies and discussions should be directed via the Stoves Listserv. Dr TLUD does NOT carry on separate discussions via comments to his website.)<br><br>I am looking for a calculated answer that could give guidelines about the sizes of charcoal-burning stoves, referring to how much charcoal must be consumed for the cooking tasks.<br><br>Question: How much charcoal is needed (per minute, or per hour, or ??) to maintain a pot (5 liters?) of already-boiling water at
the simmer temperature of about 96 deg C?<br><br>So many variables, but the replies can state whatever "givens" or assumptions you wish to make, such as:<br><br>1. Heat transfer efficiency of the stove-pot configuration: Is 30% about typical? And does that vary between clay-mud charcoal stoves vs metal charcoal stoves? Please specify, if your response takes that into account.<br><br>Reference: See <a
href="http://search.mywebsearch.com/mywebsearch/redirect.jhtml?searchfor=heat+transfer+efficiency+charcoal+stoves&cb=XQ&p2=%5EXQ%5Exdm002%5ES03729%5Eus&qid=499b92ca6697461da7047b820086bd7d&n=77DE8857&ptb=F7EBB78D-F7A7-4077-B858-0D10F0C7CB0E&si=COjP4cCp0rMCFao7MgodRQUALQ&pg=GGmain&action=pick&ss=sub&pn=1&st=hp&qs=&pr=GG&tpr=hpsb&redirect=mPWsrdz9heamc8iHEhldEVRIIbml7k2%2FvmB8U5crkZmbOTdLROAzdl%2F4ZQYYskvUwjkty6%2BVZ%2BNQiIr863cMN8jdRHpxuJvwsN2u6HPpdnPNB%2BBymTTjJMbwcgCi5H8Q&ord=1&ct=AR&" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Experimental study for improving energy <b>efficiency</b> of <b>charcoal stove</b> </a><br><a href="http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/3794/1/JSIR%2068%285%29%20412-416.pdf" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/3794/1/JSIR%2068%285%29%20412-416.pdf</a><br>with reported efficiencies between 21% and 62%.<br><br>2.
Still air, no wind.<br><br>3. Comments on types of pots (Stainless vs aluminum vs other).<br><br>4. Lid or no lid. Probably no lid because so much testing is done with no lid on pot.<br><br>5. Ambient temperature: probably 22 to 27 deg C.<br><br>6. Any other variables.?<br><br>Comments: The question arises because the TLUD stoves (and any other charcoal producing stoves) can be a convenient and low cost source of charcoal for a household. That household has some cooking needs for LOW heat (simmer-type), and a charcoal-burning stove.<br><br>Example from the world of stove testing: a pot with 5 liters brought to boil can be placed onto a charcoal stove for the remaining 45 minutes of the standard water boiling test (WBT). The charcoal could be already red-hot, having been placed in the charcoal stove directly from the TLUD stove that made the
charcoal. How much charcoal is needed for that simmering task?<br><br>When we know the amount of charcoal, we can calculate backwards to determine how much raw fuel was needed to make that charcoal. (That amount of raw fuel is approximately 5 X of the charcoal weight.) Example: 100 g of char is produced from 500 g of woody biomass. <br><br>Therefore, about 70% of the energy content of the raw fuel would be available for INITIALLY putting heat into the pot. I think we should assume better than 40% heat transfer efficiency because that is the target for Tier 4 stoves and can be achieved by gas-burning stoves. 40% of 70% is 28%, so round it to 30%. And 30% of the energy content of the raw fuel is how much? 1 kg of wood has 16 MJ, so 500 g has 8 MJ, and 30% would be 2.4 MJ. <br><br>Somebody please complete the calculations:
<br><br>A. 2.4 MJ will raise 5 liters (5000 g or ml) of water how many degrees?<br><br>B. How many g or ml of water can be brought to 100 C if starting temp of water is 20 C?<br><br>In the end, I hope we have some understanding about the amount of raw fuel and resultant charcoal needed to accomplish the WBT with minimal waste.<br><br>Paul<br><br></span></div><pre><span lang="EN-US">-- </span></pre><pre><span lang="EN-US">Doc / Dr TLUD / Prof. Paul S. Anderson, PhD </span></pre><pre><span lang="EN-US">Email: <a href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu">psanders@ilstu.edu</a> </span></pre><pre><span lang="EN-US">Skype: paultlud Phone: +1-309-452-7072</span></pre><pre><span lang="EN-US">Website: <a href="http://www.drtlud.com/" target="_blank"
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