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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>Frank<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>See <a href="http://www.trmiles.com/alkali/Alkali_Report.pdf">http://www.trmiles.com/alkali/Alkali_Report.pdf</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>“Alkali Deposits Found In Biomass Power Plants A Preliminary Investigation of their Extent and Nature”<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>In that study we looked at the composition of the fuel ash and the way it is transformed as it is burned in the furnace, cooled in the boiler, and captured in the pollution control devices. You will find some of the mineralogy (forms of ash) recorded in the appendices. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>We find that ash that is removed from the furnace section (grate ash) is very similar to the ash in the fuel. Ash that is removed from the boiler and pollution control devices largely consists of salts that are formed from low melting elements that have volatilized from the fuel (K, NA) and reacted with other low melting elements (S, P, CL) to form alkali salts. Particles that leave the furnace are often enriched in these salts. Because of the high calcium content of biomass fuels you also get carbonates. (Carbonates are also an artifact of calcining the ash sample for analysis). <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>Large particle collected in the primary cyclone of a biomass plant tend to be very high in carbon. We have found these chars can be good “biochars.” The small particles that pass through the cyclone and are captured in pollution control devices (electrostatic precipitator or baghouse) are often the alkali salts. The condense on air and water tubes and cause corrosion. In s stove they might corrode the pot or chamber over time, especially if they are exposed to moisture. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>So you can see that the burner, whether it is a cooking stove or industrial furnace, separates – or fractionates – the fuel into carbon (CO2, char). salt enriched minerals, water and gases (N2). <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>Tom <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><a name="_MailEndCompose"><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></a></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> Stoves [mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Frank Shields<br><b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, October 09, 2013 11:27 AM<br><b>To:</b> stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org<br><b>Subject:</b> [Stoves] Lime residue in stack?<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Brussels'>Greetings Stovers<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Brussels'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Brussels'>I am being asked to test a sample of a “lime residue” from a stack of a power plant(?) to see if can be used in agriculture or in chemical manufacturing. Is there such a thing as carbonates or oxides formed in stacks? In pure enough quantity. I was thinking most all the residue was from organics (tars) depositing on the walls. Not sure what the fuel is but I think is a big operation in Australia.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Brussels'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Brussels'>Thanks<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Brussels'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Brussels'>Frank<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Brussels'> <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Brussels'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Frank Shields<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Control Laboratories; Inc.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>42 Hangar Way<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Watsonville, CA 95076<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>(831) 724-5422 tel<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>(831) 724-3188 fax<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt'><a href="mailto:frank@biocharlab.com">frank@biocharlab.com</a><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt'><a href="http://www.controllabs.com">www.controllabs.com</a><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div></body></html>