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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Alex,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>It’s not the change bulk density of the pellets that concerns me as much as the change in bulk density of the sand that is used to measure the particle density of the pellets. If a line was drawn around the inside of a TLUD and a known weight of pellets were dumped in and shaken to the line may be a way to come up with consistent %voids. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>But the sand used to measure particle density needs to be reproducible – more than I get. So am open for ideas to other materials. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>The sand can be improved with washing with RO water and drying. But the more you shake the more it settles so I standardize it to: fill to top and give two taps on the bench then re-fill and level. Jellybeans would work better but we need something small enough that free flows around the particles being tested and close to its contour. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>The sample I tested was a quick test on some pellets I have had around the lab for a few years I use for research. Did not use my precious washed sand nor did I do it in replicates etc. Just to show an easy procedure to do the test. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>The #20 sand comes from an ASTM procedure for determining bulk density in packed soil intended for roads or earthen dams. They just pour and not tapping. But we need to make sure the particles surround the particles we are measuring – so a couple taps. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>I like the article you directed us to and the set-up for measuring the flow rate. I think we must measure and not think we can calculate from the formulas they give as it is all so complex. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Thanks<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Frank<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Frank Shields<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Control Laboratories; Inc.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>42 Hangar Way<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Watsonville, CA 95076<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>(831) 724-5422 tel<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>(831) 724-3188 fax<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>frank@biocharlab.com<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>www.controllabs.com<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> Stoves [mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org] <b>On Behalf Of </b>alex english<br><b>Sent:</b> Sunday, March 09, 2014 6:56 AM<br><b>To:</b> Discussion of biomass cooking stoves<br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [Stoves] Calc. void space and pellet particle density<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal>Frank,<o:p></o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal>Thanks for the numbers. 5 decimal accuracy aside, I just did a little jiggling of a freshly poured sample of wood pellets, which voidedthevoids, so to speak. Roughly a 10% decrease volume or increase in bulk density. <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Yours +/-<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Alex<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>PS Came across this data; <a href="http://www.pellet.org/images/2009-04-13_Airflow_Pressure_Drop.pdf">http://www.pellet.org/images/2009-04-13_Airflow_Pressure_Drop.pdf</a><o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal>On Sat, Mar 8, 2014 at 5:53 PM, Frank Shields <<a href="mailto:frank@compostlab.com" target="_blank">frank@compostlab.com</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p><div><div><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width=640 style='width:384.0pt;border-collapse:collapse'><tr style='height:.2in'><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;text-align:right'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>1555.68</span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>sand</span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td></tr><tr style='height:.2in'><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;text-align:right'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>1053.17</span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=160 nowrap colspan=2 valign=bottom style='width:96.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>water (vol)</span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td></tr><tr style='height:.2in'><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;text-align:right'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>671.78</span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>pellets</span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td></tr><tr style='height:.2in'><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;text-align:right'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>152.47</span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=160 nowrap colspan=2 valign=bottom style='width:96.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>pellets used</span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td></tr><tr style='height:.2in'><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;text-align:right'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>1539.82</span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=160 nowrap colspan=2 valign=bottom style='width:96.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Pellets + Sand</span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td></tr><tr style='height:.2in'><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td></tr><tr style='height:.2in'><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;text-align:right'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>0.637865</span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=160 nowrap colspan=2 valign=bottom style='width:96.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Bulk density Pellet </span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=160 nowrap colspan=2 valign=bottom style='width:96.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>671.78/1053.17</span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td></tr><tr style='height:.2in'><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;text-align:right'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>1.47714</span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=160 nowrap colspan=2 valign=bottom style='width:96.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Sand bulk density</span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=160 nowrap colspan=2 valign=bottom style='width:96.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>1555.68/1053.17</span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td></tr><tr style='height:.2in'><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td></tr><tr style='height:.2in'><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;text-align:right'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>1387.35</span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=320 nowrap colspan=4 valign=bottom style='width:192.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Sand used when mixed with pellets</span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=160 nowrap colspan=2 valign=bottom style='width:96.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>1539.8-152.47</span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td></tr><tr style='height:.2in'><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;text-align:right'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>168.33</span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=160 nowrap colspan=2 valign=bottom style='width:96.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Sand not used</span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=160 nowrap colspan=2 valign=bottom style='width:96.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>1555.68-1387.35</span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td></tr><tr style='height:.2in'><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;text-align:right'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>113.9567</span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=160 nowrap colspan=2 valign=bottom style='width:96.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Vol sand not used </span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=160 nowrap colspan=2 valign=bottom style='width:96.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>168.33/1.477</span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td></tr><tr style='height:.2in'><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;text-align:right'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>1.337965</span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=160 nowrap colspan=2 valign=bottom style='width:96.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>pellet density</span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=160 nowrap colspan=2 valign=bottom style='width:96.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>152.47/113.95</span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td></tr><tr style='height:.2in'><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;text-align:right'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>502.091</span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=160 nowrap colspan=2 valign=bottom style='width:96.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>pellet vol in bottle</span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=160 nowrap colspan=2 valign=bottom style='width:96.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>671.78/1.337965</span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td></tr><tr style='height:.2in'><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;text-align:right'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>551.079</span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=160 nowrap colspan=2 valign=bottom style='width:96.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>void space</span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=160 nowrap colspan=2 valign=bottom style='width:96.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>1053.17-502.091</span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td></tr><tr style='height:.2in'><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;text-align:right'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>52.32574</span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>% voids</span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=240 nowrap colspan=3 valign=bottom style='width:2.0in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>551.079/1053.17*100</span><o:p></o:p></p></td></tr><tr style='height:.2in'><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td></tr></table><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Tare a glass narrow neck bottle</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Fill with sand –weigh</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Fill with pellets weigh</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Fill with water – weigh (vol of glass jar)</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Calc bulk density of sand and pellets</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Weigh a handful of pellets</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Add sand > sprinkle in pellets > add sand > sprinkle in pellets until all pellets are in bottle and topped off with sand</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Weigh sand + pellets mix</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Calc sand in mix </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Calc sand NOT in mix</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Calc volume of sand NOT in mix using sand bulk density</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Calc. particle density of pellets from wt hand full of pellets / volume of sand not in mix.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Calc pellet volume in liter bottle when filled with pellets </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Calc. void space in bottle left </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Calc percent voids from void / total vol of liter bottle X 100</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>I fill with sand then tap twice on the counter then top off with sand. </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>This is a sample from a local US pellet source. The bulk density is 0.638 g/cc and the particle density of the pellets is 1.338 g/cc</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Void space for air movement in a TLUD filled with these pellets is 52.3% </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Instead of sand one can use water or acetone for other materials. The particle density of sand (or like) I find best done using acetone. </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Hope the calcs are correct. : )</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Regards</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Frank</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><b><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Frank Shields</span></b><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><b><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Control Laboratories; Inc.</span></b><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><b><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>42 Hangar Way</span></b><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><b><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Watsonville, CA 95076</span></b><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><b><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><a href="tel:%28831%29%20724-5422" target="_blank">(831) 724-5422</a> tel</span></b><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><b><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><a href="tel:%28831%29%20724-3188" target="_blank">(831) 724-3188</a> fax</span></b><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><b><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><a href="mailto:frank@biocharlab.com" target="_blank">frank@biocharlab.com</a></span></b><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><b><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><a href="http://www.controllabs.com" target="_blank">www.controllabs.com</a></span></b><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> Stoves [mailto:<a href="mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Dean Still<br><b>Sent:</b> Thursday, March 06, 2014 11:21 AM<br><b>To:</b> Discussion of biomass cooking stoves<br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [Stoves] Cuber and size of densifying machines. (no longer Re: The wood and char and fuel "debate" )</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'> <o:p></o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'>Hi Tom,<o:p></o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'>In Uganda the pellets were too dense and were hard to light. Do you know the density of USA heating stove pellets?<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'>Best,<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'>Dean<o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'> <o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><br>_______________________________________________<br>Stoves mailing list<br><br>to Send a Message to the list, use the email address<br><a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br><br>to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page<br><a href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br><br>for more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see our web site:<br><a href="http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/" target="_blank">http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/</a><br><br><o:p></o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div></div></body></html>