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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Ron and all,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Seems a few years back there was a University (or some group) that was going to assemble a collection of test methods for stoves? Was Tami involved? Did anything come of that? <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>See below:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> Stoves [mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Ronal W. Larson<br><b>Sent:</b> Sunday, March 09, 2014 5:17 PM<br><b>To:</b> Discussion of biomass<br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [Stoves] Calc. void space and pellet particle density<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Frank: (and anyone on list)<o:p></o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> 1. Would you be good enough to add a few more tests:<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-left:.75in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>a.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><![endif]>Measure (ml or gm) the amount of water (and/or acetone) you can add to the container full of sand. (I see relative density of .785 for acetone)<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>[Frank >] I like acetone because water can have air bobbles when measuring the density of grains of particles –like sand. So for particle density of sand you fill a container with water to get volume. Then fill with acetone to get the density of acetone. Then add sand and acetone together to get the particle density. <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-left:.75in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>b.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><![endif]>Same for sand replaced by pellets, even if the pellets are ruined (but try to make the weight gain measurement as fast as possible (see how much you can both add and drain). But perhaps they can be waterproofed with only a gram or two of waxy material.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>[Frank >] </span> -Official tests for soil requires to coat with wax and use water. Terrible – terrible. The wax leaks and add volume. The sand is better. The sand changes in bulk density when shaken (a problem) but the item being tested (wood chips, pellets, soil clod) do not change in particle size. So my thinking is to decrease the sand / sample ratio as much as you can. That is add the most pellets to the liter bottle as possible and get them to be embedded into the sand. <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span class=apple-tab-span> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-left:.75in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>c.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><![endif]>Same when you mix sand and pellets (my preference is to start with a liter of only pellets, then first see how much sand you can get in [by shaking], weigh and then see how much water (and or acetone) can be added).<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>[Frank >] I do this for wood chips and suggest for large particles like the cubes being talked about. Fill a container to the top to get bulk density then pour in the sand with lots of tapping. Take out the wood pieces and determine the reduction volume of the sand (= voids). But for smaller particles I suggest embedding the particles in the sand to make sure there are no big pockets of voids. If you keep tapping the sample will float to the top. So for wood chips and sticks I add sand and chips together and make sure there is plenty of sand on top. Then tap until I see the first sigh of sample pocking through the top. Then I know the particles are all surrounded with sand. <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> 2. I agree with Andrew Heggie that a void space of 52% sounds high. Can you specify the diameter of the pellets and an average pellet length. Manufacturer? Any spec on source material?<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>[Frank >] This was a quickly conducted test using a real sample but without all the QC usually done for the sole purpose of showing an example of how to do the test. <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> 3. If you have to start over, let’s use a volume of “exactly” 1 liter (water weight = 1 kg), for all cases (to simplify the computations).<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>[Frank >] <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><a href="http://www.novatech-usa.com/Products/Glass-BOD-Bottles">http://www.novatech-usa.com/Products/Glass-BOD-Bottles</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><a href="http://www.hach.com/disposable-bod-bottles-300-ml-100-cs/product?id=7640237102">http://www.hach.com/disposable-bod-bottles-300-ml-100-cs/product?id=7640237102</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>One liter volumetric flask is not easy to use for such tests. Nice to fill to top and determine that volume. I like BOD bottles for using with acetone or water for testing the particle density of very small particles. Eye dropper removes the excess to exact. I use glass but they are expensive. The disposable ones are made of a plastic and I will work for water but may not(?) with acetone (or other solvents). <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>I use imhoff cones for wood chips and sticks. Add sticks or chips to a couple inches from top. Pour in sand and tap, tap, tap until the chips poke out of the surface. See total volume from marks on side. Pour out the sand and collect. Dump wood. Pour back sand, tap, tap, tap and see volume of voids. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><a href="http://www.coleparmer.com/buy/product/56354-imhoff-settling-cone-plastic-each-w990800.html">http://www.coleparmer.com/buy/product/56354-imhoff-settling-cone-plastic-each-w990800.html</a><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> 4. We should be able to get the same answer for pellet density regardless of how hard we try to increase the bulk densities (Alex’ point). <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>[Frank >] Pellet density but not necessarily pellet bulk density. Depends on packing. <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Thanks in advance.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Ron<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><div><p class=MsoNormal>On Mar 8, 2014, at 3:53 PM, Frank Shields <<a href="mailto:frank@compostlab.com">frank@compostlab.com</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><br><br><o:p></o:p></p><div><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width=640 style='width:384.0pt;margin-left:-.75pt;border-collapse:collapse'><tr style='height:.2in'><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>1555.68</span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>sand</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td></tr><tr style='height:.2in'><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>1053.17</span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=160 nowrap colspan=2 valign=bottom style='width:96.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>water (vol)</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td></tr><tr style='height:.2in'><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>671.78</span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>pellets</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td></tr><tr style='height:.2in'><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>152.47</span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=160 nowrap colspan=2 valign=bottom style='width:96.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>pellets used</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td></tr><tr style='height:.2in'><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>1539.82</span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=160 nowrap colspan=2 valign=bottom style='width:96.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Pellets + Sand</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td></tr><tr style='height:.2in'><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td></tr><tr style='height:.2in'><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>0.637865</span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=160 nowrap colspan=2 valign=bottom style='width:96.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Bulk density Pellet</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=160 nowrap colspan=2 valign=bottom style='width:96.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>671.78/1053.17</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td></tr><tr style='height:.2in'><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>1.47714</span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=160 nowrap colspan=2 valign=bottom style='width:96.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Sand bulk density</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=160 nowrap colspan=2 valign=bottom style='width:96.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>1555.68/1053.17</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td></tr><tr style='height:.2in'><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td></tr><tr style='height:.2in'><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>1387.35</span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=320 nowrap colspan=4 valign=bottom style='width:192.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Sand used when mixed with pellets</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></td><td width=160 nowrap colspan=2 valign=bottom style='width:96.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>1539.8-152.47</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td></tr><tr style='height:.2in'><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>168.33</span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=160 nowrap colspan=2 valign=bottom style='width:96.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Sand not used</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=160 nowrap colspan=2 valign=bottom style='width:96.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>1555.68-1387.35</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td></tr><tr style='height:.2in'><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>113.9567</span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=160 nowrap colspan=2 valign=bottom style='width:96.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Vol sand not used</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=160 nowrap colspan=2 valign=bottom style='width:96.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>168.33/1.477</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td></tr><tr style='height:.2in'><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>1.337965</span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=160 nowrap colspan=2 valign=bottom style='width:96.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>pellet density</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=160 nowrap colspan=2 valign=bottom style='width:96.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>152.47/113.95</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td></tr><tr style='height:.2in'><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>502.091</span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=160 nowrap colspan=2 valign=bottom style='width:96.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>pellet vol in bottle</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=160 nowrap colspan=2 valign=bottom style='width:96.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>671.78/1.337965</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td></tr><tr style='height:.2in'><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>551.079</span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=160 nowrap colspan=2 valign=bottom style='width:96.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>void space</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=160 nowrap colspan=2 valign=bottom style='width:96.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>1053.17-502.091</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td></tr><tr style='height:.2in'><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>52.32574</span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>% voids</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=240 nowrap colspan=3 valign=bottom style='width:2.0in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>551.079/1053.17*100</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></td></tr><tr style='height:.2in'><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td><td width=80 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:48.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in'></td></tr></table><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Tare a glass narrow neck bottle</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Fill with sand –weigh</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Fill with pellets weigh</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Fill with water – weigh (vol of glass jar)</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Calc bulk density of sand and pellets</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Weigh a handful of pellets</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Add sand > sprinkle in pellets > add sand > sprinkle in pellets until all pellets are in bottle and topped off with sand</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Weigh sand + pellets mix</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Calc sand in mix</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Calc sand NOT in mix</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Calc volume of sand NOT in mix using sand bulk density</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Calc. particle density of pellets from wt hand full of pellets / volume of sand not in mix.</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Calc pellet volume in liter bottle when filled with pellets</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Calc. void space in bottle left</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Calc percent voids from void / total vol of liter bottle X 100</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>I fill with sand then tap twice on the counter then top off with sand.</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>This is a sample from a local US pellet source. The bulk density is 0.638 g/cc and the particle density of the pellets is 1.338 g/cc</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Void space for air movement in a TLUD filled with these pellets is 52.3%</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Instead of sand one can use water or acetone for other materials. The particle density of sand (or like) I find best done using acetone. </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Hope the calcs are correct. : )</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Regards</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Frank</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Frank Shields</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Control Laboratories; Inc.</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>42 Hangar Way</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Watsonville, CA 95076</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>(831) 724-5422 tel</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>(831) 724-3188 fax</span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><a href="mailto:frank@biocharlab.com"><span style='color:purple'>frank@biocharlab.com</span></a></span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><a href="http://www.controllabs.com/"><span style='color:purple'>www.controllabs.com</span></a></span></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span class=apple-converted-space><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> </span></span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>Stoves [<a href="mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org"><span style='color:purple'>mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org</span></a>]<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><b>On Behalf Of<span class=apple-converted-space> </span></b>Dean Still<br><b>Sent:</b><span class=apple-converted-space> </span>Thursday, March 06, 2014 11:21 AM<br><b>To:</b><span class=apple-converted-space> </span>Discussion of biomass cooking stoves<br><b>Subject:</b><span class=apple-converted-space> </span>Re: [Stoves] Cuber and size of densifying machines. (no longer Re: The wood and char and fuel "debate" )</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Hi Tom,<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal>In Uganda the pellets were too dense and were hard to light. Do you know the density of USA heating stove pellets?<o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Best,<o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Dean<o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>_______________________________________________<br>Stoves mailing list<br><br>to Send a Message to the list, use the email address<br><a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org"><span style='color:purple'>stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</span></a><br><br>to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page<br><a href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org"><span style='color:purple'>http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org</span></a><br><br>for more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see our web site:<br><a href="http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/"><span style='color:purple'>http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div></div></body></html>