<div style="line-height:1.7;color:#000000;font-size:14px;font-family:arial"><div><br><br>Dear Professor Larson, Professor Anderson and Dear List,</div><div> </div><div>Thank you so much for the concern about my PhD application. I have submitted the PhD application to the graduate schools of universities in US including UIUC and I think the decisions will be made within this month. </div><div> </div><div>As recommended by Prof. Anderson, my CV was attached below including all the projects and experiments I did during master study. And welcome to ask me any questions about my experiments, I would like to reply as long as I can help. </div><div> </div><div>Best wishes</div><div> </div><div>Huangfu Yibo</div><div> </div><div> </div><div> </div>At 2014-03-16 23:50:09,"Ronal W. Larson" <rongretlarson@comcast.net> wrote:<br> <blockquote id="isReplyContent" style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.8ex; padding-left: 1ex; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid;"><div>List, cc Yibo</div><div><br></div><div><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Yibo is a highly skilled TLUD (for cooking not heating) researcher at one of the major Chinese Universities. He is looking for a PhD track in a US University. If anyone knows of an interested faculty sponsor, I can recommend Yibo highly as already knowing a lot in this area. He has spent considerable time already in the US.</div><div><br></div><div><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>All of the following makes sense - and I am sure Yibo would be willing to answer additional questions. </div><div><br></div><div>Yibo - Thanks for the quick (not at all delayed) response.</div><div><br></div><div>Ron</div><div><br></div><br><div><div>On Mar 16, 2014, at 9:24 AM, Huangfu Yibo <<a href="mailto:hfyblx@163.com">hfyblx@163.com</a>> wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><blockquote type="cite"><div style="line-height: 1.7; font-family: arial; font-size: 14px;"><div><br><br>Dear Professor,</div><div> </div><div>Sorry for the delay...</div><div> </div><div>According to my limited knowledge about the TLUD stove in China, the evaluation of the performance is something related to at least three factors, the stove,the fuel and the user behavior. In China, the factory can produce different size of pellets, 8mm, 15mm and 30mm. </div><div> </div><div>My lab have 8mm diameter pellets (the moisture is about 9%) and the natural draft TLUD stove can achieve CO emission factor 3.53¡À0.49 g/MJ and PM emission factor 258.15¡À26.21 mg/MJ with this kind of fuel. The data can be seen in the MC manuscript. TLUD stoves with fan can achieve lower emission with proper air control.</div><div> </div><div>In term of bigger pellets which is produced for heating stove, I never tried before with the stove in my lab because I have not started to test the heating stove yet. But I've seen people using bigger pellets for heating in Liaoning Province. I measured the emission from the chimney and most of the average CO concentrations are between 100-300 ppm (no PM data, unfortunately). The stove they are using is designed with a fan which is only for the secondary air. </div><div> </div><div>I think in the same stove, fuel in smaller size means more gasifying area and more combustible air or VOCs produced during gasification per unit time. With the same air provided, larger size fuel seems burn more slowly than smaller fuel, which may lead to cleaner burning due to enough secondary air feeding. But I just guess...I have never tested one stove using fuel with different size and made of the same biomass. </div><div> </div><div>And of course smaller size fuel light more easily than fuel in larger size if they were made of the same biomass. And good recipe plays important role in the gasification rate. </div><div><br>Best wishes</div><div> </div><div>Huangfu Yibo</div><div></div><div></div><div><br></div>At 2014-03-16 13:20:34,"Ronal W. Larson" <<a href="mailto:rongretlarson@comcast.net">rongretlarson@comcast.net</a>> wrote:<br> <blockquote id="isReplyContent" style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.8ex; padding-left: 1ex; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid;">Yibo:<div><br></div><div><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span> Any comments on this thread? You may know more than anyone on Chinese pellets, large ones, and TLUDs especially.</div><div><br></div><div>Ron<br><div><br><div>Begin forwarded message:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><blockquote type="cite"><div style="margin: 0px;"><span helvetica=""><b>From: </b></span><span style="font-family:;" helvetica="">Dean Still <<a href="mailto:deankstill@gmail.com">deankstill@gmail.com</a>><br></span></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><span helvetica=""><b>Subject: </b></span><span style="font-family:;" helvetica=""><b>Re: [Stoves] Pellets in Uganda was Re: Cuber and size of densifying machines.</b><br></span></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><span helvetica=""><b>Date: </b></span><span style="font-family:;" helvetica="">March 15, 2014 at 8:11:13 PM MDT<br></span></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><span helvetica=""><b>To: </b></span><span style="font-family:;" helvetica="">Discussion of biomass cooking stoves <<a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>><br></span></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><span helvetica=""><b>Reply-To: </b></span><span style="font-family:;" helvetica="">Discussion of biomass cooking stoves <<a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>><br></span></div><br><div><div dir="ltr">Hi Ron,<div><br></div><div>Pellets made in China are also often smoky and hard to use in a TLUD. The pellet needs to be well made, to a good recipe, to burn cleanly. Small size seems to be better.</div><div>
<br></div><div>Best,</div><div><br></div><div>Dean</div></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Sat, Mar 15, 2014 at 1:06 PM, Otto Formo <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:terra-matricula@hotmail.com" target="_blank">terra-matricula@hotmail.com</a>></span> wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.8ex; padding-left: 1ex; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid;">
<div><div dir="ltr">Dear Ron,<br>To light a proper Natural Draft Gasifier, you just need a proper starter.<br> <br>Pellet diped into kerosine will do, or just simple woodshaveings.<br> <br>The pellet in a Natural Draft gasfier "does not burn" as such, it just turns into (bio)char and only the gases burns about 5 to 10 cm above the biomass .<br>
No need to ingnite the pellet and face the "problems " or challages as for a Rocket stove.<br> <br>This "brand new" technolgy, known for centuries, compared to the open three stone fire - light from the top to avoid any hassard and hazzel, which will solve most issues conserning smoke and toxic emissions.<br>
<br>Just remember, the more dry and dense fuel, the better...................... <br> <br>Otto <br> <br><div><hr>From: <a href="mailto:rongretlarson@comcast.net" target="_blank">rongretlarson@comcast.net</a><br>Date: Sat, 15 Mar 2014 13:12:02 -0600<br>
To: <a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br>Subject: Re: [Stoves] Pellets in Uganda was Re: Cuber and size of densifying machines.<br><br>Dean et al<div><br>
</div><div><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>Was this poor lighting performance in a Rocket or TLUD or other? Do you (or anyone) think it should make a difference? And would 1/4¡± pellets of same density have the same problem? If not - what is the reason for a size difference?</div>
<div><br></div><div><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>Anyone using a pellet stove for space heating able to say anything on problems with larger and/or more dense pellets? Are there warnings on the size of pellets for pellet-type space heaters?</div>
<div><br></div><div>Ron</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br><div><div>On Mar 15, 2014, at 11:18 AM, Dean Still <<a href="mailto:deankstill@gmail.com" target="_blank">deankstill@gmail.com</a>> wrote:</div><br>
<blockquote><div dir="ltr">Hi Paul,<div><br></div><div>The pellets were about one inch in diameter and very dense. Hard to light and went out easily.</div><div><br></div><div>Best,</div><div><br></div><div>Dean</div></div>
<div>
<br><br><div>On Sat, Mar 15, 2014 at 8:37 AM, Paul Anderson <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu" target="_blank">psanders@ilstu.edu</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote style="padding-left: 1ex; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid;">
<div>
<div>Dean,<br>
<br>
Please tell us about those pellets: characteristics and source
and used in what stove(s). The experience by Awamu in Uganda
does not agree with your statement. But there could be different
sources and different stoves.<br>
<br>
Paul<br>
<br>
<pre>Doc / Dr TLUD / Prof. Paul S. Anderson, PhD
Email: <a href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu" target="_blank">psanders@ilstu.edu</a>
Skype: paultlud Phone: <a>+1-309-452-7072</a>
Website: <a href="http://www.drtlud.com/" target="_blank">www.drtlud.com</a></pre>
On 3/6/2014 1:20 PM, Dean Still wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote>
<div dir="ltr">Hi Tom,
<div><br>
</div>
<div>In Uganda the pellets were too dense and were hard to
light. Do you know the density of USA heating stove pellets?</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Best,</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Dean</div>
</div>
<div><br>
<br>
<div>On Thu, Mar 6, 2014 at 11:02 AM, Tom
Miles <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:tmiles@trmiles.com" target="_blank">tmiles@trmiles.com</a>></span>
wrote:<br>
<blockquote style="padding-left: 1ex; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid;">
<div lang="EN-US">
<div><p><span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family:;" calibri="">Richard,</span></p><div><span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family:;" calibri=""> </span><br>
</div><p><span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family:;" calibri="">You
probably mean 0.6 g/cm3 (37 lb/ft3) which is very
good that¡¯s better than most commercial wood
pellets. For reference the dry density of sawdust is
often about .160 g/cm3 (or 10 lb/ft3). The loose
density of straw is about 0.08 g/cm3 or (5 lb/ft3).
The press roll on a pellet mill exerts about 142
bars (2000 psig). If you can get those densities by
selecting materials, wetting, pressing at 12 bar and
drying you are doing very well. </span></p><p><span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family:;" calibri=""><br>
Tom</span></p><p><a name="144c75ac67c0257a_144c664b24428537_14498c779ba49ea1__MailEndCompose"><span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family:;" calibri=""> </span></a></p>
<div>
<div style="border-width: 1pt medium medium; border-style: solid none none; border-color: rgb(181, 196, 223) currentColor currentColor; padding: 3pt 0in 0in;"><p><b>From:</b><span style="font-family:;" tahoma="">
Stoves [mailto:<a href="mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org" target="_blank">stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Legacy Found<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, March 06, 2014 10:46 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Discussion of biomass cooking stoves<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Stoves] Cuber and size of
densifying machines. (no longer Re: The wood and
char and fuel "debate" )</span></p>
</div>
</div><div> <br></div>
<div><p>Crispin, what densities are you
seeking. We have seen densities of up to 0.6kg/cm^3
by use of really fine granular material charcoal
sawdust and certain other ag residues as infiller in
hand presses generating only about 12 bars pressure.</p>
</div>
<div><p>I have not attempted pellet
production but have no doubt that high pressure is
not needed: Rather its more about attention to
blend particle density and size and variations
between these (sorting coefficients) that makes the
difference density wise. </p>
</div>
<div><p>May look into it if anybody is
interested in the fuel pellet world.</p>
</div>
<div><p>Richard<br>
<br>
Sent from my iPhone</p>
</div>
<div><p>
<br>
On Mar 6, 2014, at 11:38, Crispin Pembert-Pigott
<<a href="mailto:crispinpigott@outlook.com" target="_blank">crispinpigott@outlook.com</a>>
wrote:</p>
</div>
<blockquote>
<div>
<div><p><span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family:;" calibri="">Dear
Friends</span></p><div><span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family:;" calibri=""> </span><br></div><p><span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family:;" calibri="">I
agree with Dean on this score. The air flow
through the pellets strongly affects the way
they burn if the device is constructed such
that the fuel contributes a significant
element of air control.</span></p><div><span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family:;" calibri=""> </span><br></div><p><span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family:;" calibri="">These
devices</span></p><p><image002.jpg></p><div><span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family:;" calibri=""> </span><br></div><p>
<span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family:;" calibri="">Are
¡®cubers¡¯ in that they are producing densified
lumps that can be put into a stove. But they
will work best in a large stove such as is
used in China for space heating and cooking.
The input material is straw and other stover.</span></p><div><span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family:;" calibri=""> </span><br></div><p><span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family:;" calibri="">The
mechanism is an eccentric roller running
inside a perforated cage at maybe 60-100 RPM.
As Tom notes, power consumption is about 110
kW.</span></p><div><span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family:;" calibri=""> </span><br></div><p><span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family:;" calibri="">So
far I don¡¯t think the product is economically
viable as there is a subsidy involved. What we
need is a breakthrough technology that will
make densified fuel without the need for heat.</span></p><div><span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family:;" calibri=""> </span><br></div><p><span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family:;" calibri="">Regards</span></p><p><span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family:;" calibri="">Crispin</span></p><div><span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family:;" calibri=""> </span><br>
</div><p><b> </b></p><div><span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-family:;" calibri=""> </span><br>
</div>
<div><p>Hi Paul,</p>
<div><div> <br></div>
</div>
<div><p>I have seen the very
small pellets sold for heating stoves in the
US burn very cleanly. Larger sized pellets
did not burn as cleanly. </p>
</div>
<div><div> <br></div>
</div>
<div><p>Best,</p>
</div>
<div><div> <br></div>
</div>
<div><p>Dean</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
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