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    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">Dear Stovers,<br>
      <br>
      Our collective thanks to Paul Olivier and Alexis Belonio for
      separate replies [below because not sent to the Stoves Listserv]
      about their success with using coconut husk (called coir) as a
      fuel in their forced air TLUDs.   Please note that both  of them
      used coir that was pelletized.    Use of cut but otherwise
      un-processed coir in TLUDs (as in chunks) is still not
      established, but Art Donnelly has worked on it, but I do not find
      that report at this time.<br>
      <br>
      Paul<br>
      <br>
      Alexis wrote:  [with attached file]<br>
      <blockquote type="cite">
        <pre wrap="">Hi Paul,

This is the info re my work on coconut coir pellet as fuel for gasifier wayback in 2008.  I not working much on coconut by-product since they are being utilized now as soil amendment material and in production of geotextile.

I can still consider my self still a learner on biomass gasification.  To me, success is relative. Helping others is  my goal. 

Good day!!

Alexis</pre>
      </blockquote>
      On 4/14/2014 10:02 PM, Paul Olivier wrote:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote
cite="mid:CAOreFvbpfTzq_NX1H_qZ2EKRU+ipBG1+yRHEovv8beff+YH+Ag@mail.gmail.com"
      type="cite">
      <div dir="ltr">
        <div>
          <div>
            <div>
              <div>
                <div>Air does not flow up evenly through ordinary
                  coconut dust.<br>
                </div>
                This dust has to be pelleted.<br>
              </div>
              <div>We have a small 100 gasifier that works well on
                pellets.<br>
              </div>
              <div>
                It's the smallest of the three gasifiers shown here:<br>
                <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/22013094/102%20Gasifier/Jpegs/IMG_1719.JPG">https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/22013094/102%20Gasifier/Jpegs/IMG_1719.JPG</a><br>
              </div>
              <div>It has a diameter of 10 cm and a height of 25 cm.<br>
              </div>
              <div>It's made out of standard 304 ss piping.<br>
                It looks like a toy.<br>
                The reactor weighs just over a kg.<br>
              </div>
              <div>With pellets, it puts out enough heat for ordinary
                household cooking.<br>
              </div>
              <div>The burn time on pellets is over one hour.<br>
              </div>
              <div>The 100 gasifier can also be used on loose rice
                hulls.<br>
              </div>
              <div>It's really nice to use on loose rice hulls when one
                only wants to cook for about 15 minutes.<br>
              </div>
              <div>Households could have more than one reactor to serve
                different cooking needs.<br>
                <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/22013094/Paper/Summaries/Gasification.pdf">https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/22013094/Paper/Summaries/Gasification.pdf</a>
                <br>
              </div>
              <div><br>
              </div>
              But air does flow up evenly through coffee grounds.<br>
            </div>
            Sun-dried coffee grounds work quite well.<br>
          </div>
          <div>We will starting using unpelleted coffee grounds in
            gasifiers.<br>
            <br>
            Here you see the gasifier/roaster that we made:<br>
            <a moz-do-not-send="true"
              href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=76ZtyY0MhYc&feature=youtu.be">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=76ZtyY0MhYc&feature=youtu.be</a><br>
          </div>
          <div>This is the very first gasifier/roaster.<br>
          </div>
          <div>
            Since then we have gotten the drum to turn more smoothly.<br>
          </div>
          <div>The energy savings per kg of coffee bean roasted is a
            thousand fold.<br>
          </div>
          <div>The small co-op in Laos using this roaster is able to get
            about ten times more for their coffee.<br>
            <br>
          </div>
          <div>Most small coffee farmers in Vietnam have never tasted
            their own coffee.<br>
          </div>
          <div>Now they can roast, taste and sell their own coffee.<br>
          </div>
          <div>Many Vietnamese drink coffee that consists of up to 90%
            additives.<br>
          </div>
          <div>Many have never tasted pure coffee.<br>
            <br>
            The same roaster can also be used to roast cacao beans.<br>
            Chocolate beans are easier to roast than coffee beans.<br>
          </div>
          <div>Some cacao farmers in Vietnam do not know that chocolate
            comes from cacao.<br>
          </div>
          <div>We will soon design and sell a melange to go along with
            the chocolate bean roaster.<br>
          </div>
          <div>Cacao farmers will be able to roast and sell chocolate
            bars.<br>
          </div>
          <div>At the moment most people in Vietnam eat imported
            chocolate.<br>
          </div>
          <div>This imported chocolate is expensive, and it's far from
            being true chocolate.<br>
          </div>
          <div><br>
          </div>
          <div>It's really sad that small coffee and chocolate farmers
            are so alienated from their products.<br>
          </div>
          <div>They earn almost nothing for their labor.<br>
            Traders, processors, loan sharks and bankers make all the
            money.<br>
          </div>
          <div>All of this unfair trade has to come to an end.<br>
          </div>
          <div><br>
          </div>
          <div>Gasifiers running on pellets can be used to dry paddy
            rice, coffee cherries and parchment beans.<br>
          </div>
          <div>If the length of the reactor is 50 cm, the burn time on
            pellets is over 2.5 hours.<br>
          </div>
          <div><br>
          </div>
          <div>I am just about finished writing a paper on how
            gasification fits into a larger concept of waste
            transformation.<br>
          </div>
          <div>I outline four levels of waste transformation, and apply
            these technologies to the raising of pigs, chickens and
            cows:<br>
            <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/22013094/Paper/Summaries/Alternative%20to%20Biodigestion.pdf">https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/22013094/Paper/Summaries/Alternative%20to%20Biodigestion.pdf</a>
            <br>
          </div>
          <div>In this paper, biochar is applied to both fermented feed
            and bedding.<br>
          </div>
          <div>It undergoes four-fold bioconversion before making its
            way into the soil.<br>
          </div>
          <div>It enters the soil in a biologically activated state.<br>
          </div>
          <div><br>
          </div>
          <div>Thanks.<br>
          </div>
          <div>Paul Olivier<br>
          </div>
          <br>
        </div>
        <br>
      </div>
      <div class="gmail_extra"><br>
        <br>
        <div class="gmail_quote">On Tue, Apr 15, 2014 at 7:24 AM, Paul
          Anderson <span dir="ltr"><<a moz-do-not-send="true"
              href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu" target="_blank">psanders@ilstu.edu</a>></span>
          wrote:<br>
          <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0
            .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
            <div bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000">
              <div>Lloyd,<br>
                <br>
                I have not heard :<br>
                <br>
                <blockquote type="cite">that people like Alexis Belonio
                  & Paul Olivier have had success with <i>Forced
                    Air</i> TLUDs  [with coconut husk/coir as fuel].<br>
                </blockquote>
                I hope they will reply to all of us about their
                experiences, favorable or unfavorable.
                <div class=""><br>
                  <br>
                  Paul<br>
                  <br>
                  <pre cols="72">Doc  /  Dr TLUD  /  Prof. Paul S. Anderson, PhD  
Email:  <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu" target="_blank">psanders@ilstu.edu</a>   
Skype: paultlud      Phone: +1-309-452-7072
Website:  <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://www.drtlud.com" target="_blank">www.drtlud.com</a></pre>
                </div>
                <div>
                  <div class="h5"> On 4/14/2014 6:59 PM, Lloyd Helferty
                    wrote:<br>
                  </div>
                </div>
              </div>
              <div>
                <div class="h5">
                  <blockquote type="cite">
                    <div>Paul,<br>
                      <br>
                       I agree with you about not having any success
                      with coconut coir in a ND (Natural Draft) TLUD...<br>
                      <br>
                       I believe that people like Alexis Belonio &
                      Paul Olivier have had success with <i>Forced Air</i>
                      TLUDs. [?]<br>
                      <br>
                      Regards,<br>
                      <br>
                      <pre cols="72">  Lloyd Helferty, Engineering Technologist
  Principal, Biochar Consulting (Canada)
  <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://www.biochar-consulting.ca" target="_blank">www.biochar-consulting.ca</a>
  48 Suncrest Blvd, Thornhill, ON, Canada
  905-707-8754
  CELL: 647-886-8754
     Skype: lloyd.helferty
  Steering Committee coordinator
  Canadian Biochar Initiative (CBI)
  CURRENTS, A working group of Science for Peace
  <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://www.scienceforpeace.ca/currents/" target="_blank">http://www.scienceforpeace.ca/currents/</a>
  President, Co-founder & CBI Liaison, Biochar-Ontario
  National Office, Canadian Carbon Farming Initiative (CCFI)
  Organizing team member, 2013 N/A Biochar Symposium:
    <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://www.carbon-negative.us/symposium" target="_blank">www.carbon-negative.us/symposium</a>
  Member of the Don Watershed Regeneration Council (DWRC)
  Manager, Biochar Offsets Group:
           <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://www.linkedin.com/groups?home=&gid=2446475" target="_blank">http://www.linkedin.com/groups?home=&gid=2446475</a>
   Advisory Committee Member, IBI
  <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://www.linkedin.com/groups?gid=1404717" target="_blank">http://www.linkedin.com/groups?gid=1404717</a>
  <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=42237506675" target="_blank">http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=42237506675</a>
  <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://groups.google.com/group/biochar-ontario" target="_blank">http://groups.google.com/group/biochar-ontario</a>
  <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://www.meetup.com/biocharontario/" target="_blank">http://www.meetup.com/biocharontario/</a>
  <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://www.biocharontario.ca" target="_blank">http://www.biocharontario.ca</a>
   <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://www.biochar.ca" target="_blank">www.biochar.ca</a>

"Producing twice as much food with diminishing resources, without further loss of natural habitats and biodiversity and in a changing climate may be the greatest challenge facing humanity."
   - Lloyd Helferty</pre>
                      On 2014-04-14 1:35 PM, Paul Anderson wrote:<br>
                    </div>
                    <blockquote type="cite">
                      <div>Tom M.<br>
                        <br>
                        Tom, I am pleased to read about success with
                        gasification of coir (coconut husk).   My
                        personal experience using coir in TLUDs has been
                        UNsuccessful in a few short attempts.   So I am
                        interested in finding out the "secrets" for
                        successful use of coir as fuel.<br>
                        <br>
                        I suspect that it might relate to the
                        temperature inside the TLUD.  Maybe not getting
                        it hot enough when simply  in the pyrolysis
                        processes.   <br>
                        <br>
                        Comments please.<br>
                        <br>
                        Paul<br>
                        <br>
                        <pre cols="72">Doc  /  Dr TLUD  /  Prof. Paul S. Anderson, PhD  
Email:  <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu" target="_blank">psanders@ilstu.edu</a>   
Skype: paultlud      Phone: +1-309-452-7072
Website:  <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://www.drtlud.com" target="_blank">www.drtlud.com</a></pre>
                        <br>
                        On 4/7/2014 2:12 PM, Tom Miles wrote:<br>
                      </div>
                      <blockquote type="cite">
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Lloyd,



                              Tom,</span></p>
                          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> </span></p>
                          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Electricite



                              de France (EDF) generated power from
                              coconut husks using Imbert downdraft
                              gasifiers in the Pacific (Vanuatu?) many
                              years ago. I know of at least one husk
                              fired project on Vauatu. I have been in
                              contact with them over the last year. We
                              have also discussed alternatives in the
                              Marshal Islands.  </span></p>
                          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> </span></p>
                          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">There



                              are current husk projects are in the 9-12
                              MWe size range. That’s about 100,000 tpy
                              of green husks.  </span></p>
                          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><a
                                moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.biomassenergy.gr/en/articles/news/5504-coconut-to-energy-power-plant-in-thailand-by-dp-cleantech"
                                target="_blank">http://www.biomassenergy.gr/en/articles/news/5504-coconut-to-energy-power-plant-in-thailand-by-dp-cleantech</a></span></p>
                          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> </span></p>
                          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Satake



                              in Japan promotes gasifiers for husks. I
                              think they have two 900 kWe system
                              operating in Thailand on other fuels. They
                              also build small systems. They use
                              gasifier designs that have been developed
                              in South Africa, India and Japan.  </span></p>
                          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><a
                                moz-do-not-send="true"
                                href="http://www.jst.go.jp/asts/asts_j/files/ppt/23_ppt.pdf"
                                target="_blank">http://www.jst.go.jp/asts/asts_j/files/ppt/23_ppt.pdf</a></span></p>
                          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> </span></p>
                          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Japan



                              has actively promoted remote biomass power
                              generation in Cambodia, Laos and other
                              countries for several years. Ankur and its
                              affiliates have been very active in South
                              Asia, mostly firing rice husks.  </span></p>
                          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> </span></p>
                          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Other



                              gasifiers have been tried. Several Ankur
                              gasifiers (typically 100-kWe but now up to
                              1 MWe each) have also been used. I am sure
                              that there are All Power Labs Power
                              Pallets that are being used at a small
                              scale (10-20 kWe). I think that their
                              first unit went to the Philippines in
                              2012. Husks are difficult to grind up and
                              are probably best used in combustion
                              systems. Generating power from biomass at
                              the small scale is very expensive. By the
                              time you have bought the grinder, dryer
                              and other auxiliaries you have spent
                              $5,000-$10,000/kWe for even the APL or
                              Ankur systems. Then you have the challenge
                              of maintaining them. Increasingly we see
                              small gasifier suppliers who are not
                              selling system but installing systems and
                              selling heat and power, us because it is
                              difficult to get people to run the
                              equipment right. We have used that
                              strategy for other processes. </span></p>
                          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> </span></p>
                          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">You



                              may actually have a very good technology
                              for converting husks to biochar and power
                              right under your nose but I’ll let them
                              reveal themselves in their own time. </span></p>
                          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> </span></p>
                          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Making



                              biodiesel from palm oil byproducts may
                              make more sense for power generation than
                              converting the husks to power. The French
                              (ADEME) have promoted making biodiesel
                              from coconut oil in places like Tuvalu.  </span></p>
                          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> </span></p>
                          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Tom



                                  </span></p>
                          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> </span></p>
                          <p class="MsoNormal"><a moz-do-not-send="true"
                              name="14562c52a6eb7830__MailEndCompose"></a><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> </span></p>
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                              <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:windowtext">From:</span></b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:windowtext">
                                  Lloyd Helferty<br>
                                  <b>Sent:</b> Monday, April 07, 2014
                                  11:28 AM<br>
                                  <b>To:</b> Thomas Goreau<br>
                                  <b>Cc:</b> Scott Countryman; Ron; Paul
                                  S Anderson, Ph.D.<br>
                                  <b>Subject:</b> Re: Biochar for the
                                  Philippines?</span></p>
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                          <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
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                            <p class="MsoNormal"
                              style="margin-bottom:12.0pt">Thank you,
                              Tom.  You are right... I should be asking
                              Ron ~ or others (like Tom <i>Miles</i> --
                              because this conversation is not just
                              about "stoves"...). [Especially if island
                              economies are looking at producing
                              electricity from "green wastes" like
                              coconut husk and fronds.]<br>
                              <br>
                               With regard to "chopping it to an
                              appropriate size", I will follow up in
                              another message thread that you are having
                              with Mr. Chaudhuri ~ regarding a
                              technology that was developed here in
                              Ontario that is able to "micronize"
                              (shred) just about any dry biomass
                              feedstock into a sort of "fluff" that can
                              be fed into almost <i>any</i> type of
                              biomass energy system.  (It is a
                              "front-end" system for biomass energy
                              technology users.)<br>
                              <br>
                               Regards,</p>
                            <pre>  Lloyd Helferty</pre>
                            <p class="MsoNormal"><br>
                              On 2014-04-06 8:46 PM, Thomas Goreau
                              wrote:</p>
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                          <blockquote
                            style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
                            <p class="MsoNormal">Dear Lloyd, </p>
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                              <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
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                              <p class="MsoNormal">Ron Larson follows
                                stove technology very closely and is the
                                person to ask.</p>
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                              <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
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                              <p class="MsoNormal">It seems the key to
                                using coconut husk is to chop it to an
                                appropriate size. It is the major waste
                                biomass available in many countries.</p>
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                              <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
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                              <p class="MsoNormal">Best wishes,</p>
                            </div>
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                              <p class="MsoNormal">Tom</p>
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                              <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
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                              <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
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                                              <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:#1634ff">Thomas



                                                    J. Goreau, PhD<br>
                                                    President, Global
                                                    Coral Reef Alliance<br>
                                                    President, Biorock
                                                    Technology Inc.</span></b><span
style="font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif""></span></p>
                                            </div>
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                                              <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:#1634ff">Coordinator,



                                                    Soil Carbon Alliance</span></b><span
style="font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif""></span></p>
                                            </div>
                                            <div>
                                              <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:#1634ff">Coordinator,



                                                    United Nations
                                                    Commission on
                                                    Sustainable
                                                    Development
                                                    Small Island
                                                    Developing States
                                                    Partnership in New
                                                    Sustainable
                                                    Technologies</span></b><span
style="font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif""></span></p>
                                            </div>
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                                              <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:#1634ff">37



                                                    Pleasant Street,
                                                    Cambridge, MA 02139<br>
                                                    <a
                                                      moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:goreau@bestweb.net" target="_blank">goreau@bestweb.net</a><br>
                                                    <a
                                                      moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.globalcoral.org" target="_blank">www.globalcoral.org</a><br>
                                                    Skype: tomgoreau<br>
                                                    Tel: (1)
                                                    617-864-4226</span></b><span
style="font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif""></span></p>
                                            </div>
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                                              <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif""> </span></p>
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                                              <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:#1634ff">No



                                                    one can change the
                                                    past, everyone can
                                                    change the future</span></b><br>
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                    <snip><br>
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        <br>
        <br clear="all">
        <br>
        -- <br>
        Paul A. Olivier PhD<br>
        26/5 Phu Dong Thien Vuong<br>
        Dalat<br>
        Vietnam<br>
        <br>
        Louisiana telephone: 1-337-447-4124 (rings Vietnam)<br>
        Mobile: 090-694-1573 (in Vietnam)<br>
        Skype address: Xpolivier<br>
        <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://www.esrla.com/"
          target="_blank">http://www.esrla.com/</a>
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