<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html charset=windows-1252"><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html charset=windows-1252"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;"><img height="640" width="427" apple-width="yes" apple-height="yes" apple-inline="yes" id="D27BF978-769F-4685-BC8F-80D5C5B6672A" src="cid:FC272D51-F420-43A5-88C6-24AF2889C819"><div>iCan in its trash can. It would look like this in full operation also.</div><div>They only evidence that it is operating is a shimmering column of very hot air.</div><div>No steam is seen as exhaust gases are several hundred degrees above the boiling point.</div><div><br><div style="margin: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;"><br></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;"><br><img height="639" width="480" apple-width="yes" apple-height="yes" apple-inline="yes" id="2A748152-F119-4BD6-BADD-271B14D08497" src="cid:615585DA-6873-46C4-B506-8FB987D8E471"><br></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;">The trash can with the three can iCan stack next to it.</div><div style="margin: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;">The ash can makes the iCan essentially impervious to winds. It also cause all of the</div><div style="margin: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;">primary and secondary air to be down drafted. This results in the air being preheated.</div><div style="margin: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;">The position in the top can of the pot for boiling water is clearly shown.</div><div style="margin: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;">Bottom can: reactor can w/ fuel, flame retention disk, secondary air ports</div><div style="margin: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;">Middle can: three 2 inch deflector disks</div><div style="margin: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;">Top can: supports for pots for boiling water.</div><div style="margin: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;">Top two cans provided draft that greatly accelerates the secondary air.</div><div style="margin: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;">Note the use of washers to hold the cans firmly in place. I use three washers at the base of each can.</div><div style="margin: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;">The small washers at the base of the reactor establish the minimum primary air gap.</div><div style="margin: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;"><br></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;"><br><img height="480" width="480" apple-width="yes" apple-height="yes" apple-inline="yes" id="D484C9FE-8B6C-4D15-84ED-0B416B3609C5" src="cid:92AD22B1-ABB3-4F84-A1AE-7FFBF143C8FD"><br></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;">Top view of a pot for boiling water in place in the flue. The pot easily hold 750g of water.</div><div style="margin: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;"><br><img height="480" width="480" apple-width="yes" apple-height="yes" apple-inline="yes" id="9A784895-D5E0-4883-A40C-D9FD94415C89" src="cid:2734E21A-B311-47B9-9169-4312E6B7EED4"><br></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;">View down thru the three cans. </div><div style="margin: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;">The top can holds the supports of the cooking “pots” - smaller tin cans.</div><div style="margin: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;">The middle can holds the three deflector disks.</div><div style="margin: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;">The bottom can is the reactor can that holds the fuel, has the secondary airports, and the 3” flame retention disk.</div><div style="margin: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;"><br><img height="371" width="640" apple-width="yes" apple-height="yes" apple-inline="yes" id="8E0F291E-D9C6-4012-BCEA-14DD4B273658" src="cid:EBEFEF1C-4E2D-4486-B53B-3D78112ED1CE"><br></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;">Looking into each of the three cans. Reactor can in the center with flame retention disk in place.</div><div style="margin: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;">The disk lifts out for fueling and charcoal removal.</div><div style="margin: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;"><br><img height="304" width="640" apple-width="yes" apple-height="yes" apple-inline="yes" id="1F8D177D-140F-4792-BB1B-A90AE5E39DD9" src="cid:F7CA06A5-853A-474B-B69B-9190AE8C434B"><br></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;">Details of the BOTTOMS of the deflector can, left, and the reactor can on the right.</div><div style="margin: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;">The primary air holes in the outer and inner rings are made with 7/64s bit. </div><div style="margin: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;">The middle ring holes are made with a 1/8th inch bit. Size matters.</div><div style="margin: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;">This configuration would likely need to be adjusted for each fuel type.</div><div style="margin: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;"><br><img height="480" width="480" apple-width="yes" apple-height="yes" apple-inline="yes" id="2C860103-796C-400D-B32C-9EE13472A491" src="cid:E0AEBFF5-1EF1-4D4F-88DD-60AEF98EDD8B"><br></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;">The bottom of the pot after 29 minutes over 600 grams of softwood pellet fuel.</div><div style="margin: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;">No creosote. A very thin layer of grey soot that easily rubs off.</div><div style="margin: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;">The sides also had a very light, easily removed, coating of light gray soot. The soot layer is barely visible.</div><div style="margin: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;">I had to carefully tilt the can into the sun to make it easily visible.</div><div style="margin: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;"><br><br></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;"><br><img height="480" width="480" apple-width="yes" apple-height="yes" apple-inline="yes" id="F29A0A13-9CCD-4557-9EE2-C8ED47DBA43D" src="cid:EFAD8DAA-565F-4549-963B-8163A0663E37"><br></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;">Indication of the heat generated by the system.</div><div style="margin: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;"><br><img height="480" width="480" apple-width="yes" apple-height="yes" apple-inline="yes" id="D02B3251-C2EF-4555-A0DA-D904304BD5C2" src="cid:4B14C79A-E54C-4F8C-9DDF-932C4FC07D0D"><br></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;"><br><img height="480" width="480" apple-width="yes" apple-height="yes" apple-inline="yes" id="47B22AA0-4B4D-459F-A268-7F1A4A1F39CB" src="cid:B0545F48-545A-4B7C-BFD4-E538FD2FAFE8"><br></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;">The three nuts make centering the flame retention disk very easy.</div><div style="margin: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;"><br><br></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;"><br><img height="480" width="480" apple-width="yes" apple-height="yes" apple-inline="yes" id="FFAA14AC-1258-4F92-AB95-F109234A2024" src="cid:61D6D594-03E5-4129-849E-121CEA573B2E"><br></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;">Ideally, the reactor can would be of high temperature stainless and the primary air holes would</div><div style="margin: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;"> be on an interchangeable plate that dropped into the bottom of the reactor. Dartmouth College</div><div style="margin: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;">has such a design in a fan assisted TLUD in a 35 gallon drum. The Dartmouth unit runs well</div><div style="margin: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;">on dry saw dust.</div><div style="margin: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;"><br></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;">The relatively small number and size of the primary air holes is a very important design function.</div><div style="margin: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;">They approach the limit of the least amount of air required for a well balanced combination of:</div><div style="margin: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;">run time, system temperature levels, water boiling times, and biochar yield</div><div style="margin: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;"> - all with no creosote and vanishingly small amounts of soot deposited on the water container.</div><div style="margin: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;"><br><img height="640" width="480" apple-width="yes" apple-height="yes" apple-inline="yes" id="108DDC5B-E1FD-4F8D-8723-8AB12DFE7AAE" src="cid:80A4121E-502B-4E1E-809B-2F94B9941B03"><br></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;"><br></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;">Notes:</div><div style="margin: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;"><br></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;">1. 250g of water put on fire at the 5 minute mark. Water boiled in 11:35. At end, 49% of the watery had been boiled off.</div><div style="margin: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;"><br></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;">2. At 10 minutes, the stack gases exiting around the can were 550f, @ 20 minutes 770f, peak temp reached 971 degrees at ~28 minutes.</div><div style="margin: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;"><br></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;">3: Run time on 600 grams of softwood wood pellet fuel was 34.5 minutes</div><div style="margin: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;"><br></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;">4. Biochar yield was ~ 19% - as weighed hot at end of the run.</div><div style="margin: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;"><br></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;">5. No flames or soot were seen to exit the top can.</div><div style="margin: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Helvetica; min-height: 14px;"><br></div> </div><br><br><div>
Jock Gill<br>P.O. Box 3<br>Peacham, VT 05862<br><br>+1 (802) 503-1258<br><br>
</div><div>Stewardship, not dominion</div>
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