<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html charset=windows-1252"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;">Huck, list, cc Paul<div><br></div><div><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>I read all the good information provided by the young person who answered your questions. Tell him/her that he/she did a good job.</div><div><br></div><div><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>The main new information I got was that your part of the Cameroons has to follow a practice of slash and burn. This requires enormous effort - way more I’ll bet than the practice of finding firewood. And the time before needing to slash is probably getting shorter - and little land is probably available to produce cash crops.</div><div><br></div><div><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>I suggest you google for the words “slash and char” (especially the website of Dr. Christoph Steiner), “Terra Preta”, “biochar”, etc. The idea of char-making stoves is intimately tied in with the idea of soil improvement - with the most prominent means for low income families in countries like the Cameroons being that of saving the char for placement in soil - to get improvements in yield, but also to avoid having to continually be moving their ag plots.</div><div><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>Prof Lloyd has indicated today that char from char-making stoves will be thrown away. Will not happen.</div><div><br></div><div><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>More below</div><div><br><div><div>On Sep 17, 2014, at 8:27 PM, Huck Rorick <<a href="mailto:huckrorick@groundwork.org">huckrorick@groundwork.org</a>> wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><blockquote type="cite"><div bgcolor="white" lang="EN-US" link="blue" vlink="purple" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1;"><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);">Hi All,<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"> </span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);">I found myself a little confused by the discussion. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"> </span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);">Not being expert in the field, this is how I would pose my questions:<o:p></o:p></span></div><ol start="1" type="1" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">There is a certain amount of energy per kilogram of wood (I’m going to stick with wood for the moment rather than all biomass).</span></li></ol></div></div></blockquote><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span><b> </b>[RWL1: Always very close to 18 MJ/kg if dry. You need to be sure that only dried wood goes into any stove.</div><div><br><blockquote type="cite"><div bgcolor="white" lang="EN-US" link="blue" vlink="purple" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1;"><ol start="1" type="1" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">When burned, some of that energy is realized and some is not, i.e. there is not complete combustion. How complete is the combustion? How much energy is released? That would be the first measure. I want this because it tells me about one component of the system and is useful for design. It does not tell me the net result for the user.</span></li></ol></div></div></blockquote><div><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span><b>[RWL2. </b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>The three stone fire might give you only 10-15% efficiency. Improved stoves at least twice that. Part of the loss is in CO and particulates. Char-making stoves usually show up best in EPA testing.</div><br><blockquote type="cite"><div bgcolor="white" lang="EN-US" link="blue" vlink="purple" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1;"><ol start="2" type="1" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">How much of the released energy goes into cooking? That would be my next measure. That should tell me what weight of wood people have to collect to cook their food. It is worth noting that the amount of energy that goes into cooking is also affected by the pots and lids used as well as how they fit onto the stove.</span></li></ol></div></div></blockquote><div><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span><b>[RWL3: Plenty of data on this - for both total combustion (look up “Rocket stoves”) and char-making (TLUDs). Yes on your qualifiers.</b></div><br><blockquote type="cite"><div bgcolor="white" lang="EN-US" link="blue" vlink="purple" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1;"><ol start="3" type="1" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">It is also important to know how much energy was expended to get the fuel and prepare it for use. Some of that energy is human energy so it gets treated a bit differently and has a different impact. For example, it doesn’t convert simply to climate impact (are humans low global warming gas emitters?). If you cut up the fuel a lot and process it a lot there is a cost there. I don’t know how that stacks up for gasifiers vs other stoves.</span></li></ol></div></div></blockquote><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span><b>[RWL4: For sure the TLUDS will require more effort in fuel preparation. But that also can be balanced if you can avoid slash and burn. Humans are not low global warming emitters. Your village is one of the lowest of course - but there will eventually be some funds transfer to the Cameroons for help in carbon sequestration - with biochar likely to be a least cost way. Cutting wood can be not so onerous if you start with small stuff (branches not trunks). Plan on selling the big trees, not using them for cooking. Also grasses may work where you are.</b><br><blockquote type="cite"><div bgcolor="white" lang="EN-US" link="blue" vlink="purple" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1;"><ol start="4" type="1" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Regarding charcoal. I am presuming you can still use the charcoal. I was, apparently erroneously, under the impression that gasifier stoves could continue to receive primary air and therefore burn the charcoal. I actually liked that idea because it was simple and used most of the energy in the stove. If you take the charcoal out of the stove you then have a couple of options for using it. You can burn it in another stove, which has some appeal as you can do a different kind of cooking with it (e.g. BBQ, or ?). But also seems like quite a bit of work and complication for a small amount of charcoal. Or, you can use it in the soil. So another question:</span></li></ol></div></div></blockquote><div><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span><b>[RWL5: Yes you can use charcoal for cooking - but do not use in the same device used to make it. It is much dirtier and less efficient to use the same stove. But yes to your last sentence on putting in soil. Your “clients” should try it with a few small “holes” - not a whole field. Comparison and experimentation is critical. We know of cases near you that were so positive that theft hindered reporting.</b></div><br><blockquote type="cite"><div bgcolor="white" lang="EN-US" link="blue" vlink="purple" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1;"><ol start="5" type="1" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Is a gasifier stove with charcoal (biochar) buried actually carbon negative?</span></li></ol></div></div></blockquote><div><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span><b>[RWL6: Yes. Not permanently - but hundreds (maybe thousands) of years is enough to count.</b></div><br><blockquote type="cite"><div bgcolor="white" lang="EN-US" link="blue" vlink="purple" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1;"><ol start="6" type="1" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Then the other important measure: what are the emissions?</span></li></ol></div></div></blockquote><div><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span><b>[RWL7: There is a ranking system (1:4), with char-making stoves generally the highest. The most recent reporting on this list was about work by Mr. Kirk Harris - generally well over 4.0 But they can be done badly as well.</b></div><br><blockquote type="cite"><div bgcolor="white" lang="EN-US" link="blue" vlink="purple" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1;"><ol start="7" type="1" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></li></ol><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"> </span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);">And, a kind of crude question: with the ins and outs of this discussion is it the case that rocket stoves or some other stove is more efficient than the gasifiers? In my question by efficiency I mean kg of wood required for a Cameroonian to cook their meals?</span></div></div></div></blockquote><div><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span><b>[RWL8: Almost certainly the Rocket will use less fuel for cooking. But not true for an exceptional TLUD vs a poor Rocket. But if you get 50% more produce from a garden, many are saying that is a tradeoff worth making (and having the same garden year-after year).</b></div><br><blockquote type="cite"><div bgcolor="white" lang="EN-US" link="blue" vlink="purple" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1;"><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);">Which stove do they have to carry more wood for and do more fuel preparation for? (I’m not sure how you measure the combined work for those tasks).</span></div></div></div></blockquote><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span><b>[RWL: Too little knowledge on my/our part of your fuel choices. Maybe there is a waste product all over the place you can be using in a TLUD (and not in a Rocket). Corn cobs? a nice reed? palm waste?</b></div><div><b><br></b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>There is a serious difference in the time needed to tend a fire in the two types as well - much less for a TLUD. Maybe there is a local need for char - and the sale can justify the extra time spent finding and preparing fuel. There is no such income potential with Rockets. But my main concern is that you apparently have some very poor soil - and the best way I know of to fix that is with charcoal.</b></div><div><b><br></b></div><div><b>Ron<br></b><blockquote type="cite"><div bgcolor="white" lang="EN-US" link="blue" vlink="purple" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1;"><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"> </span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);">Huck<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><a name="_MailEndCompose"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"> </span></a></div><div><div style="border-style: solid none none; border-top-color: rgb(181, 196, 223); border-top-width: 1pt; padding: 3pt 0in 0in;"><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; color: windowtext;">From:</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; color: windowtext;"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Paul Anderson [<a href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu">mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu</a>]<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><br><b>Sent:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Monday, September 15, 2014 9:25 PM<br><b>To:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Discussion of biomass cooking stoves<br><b>Subject:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Re: [Stoves] cook stoves for Cameroon<o:p></o:p></span></div></div></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p> </o:p></div><div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Huck,<br><br>Crispin wrote:<br><br><o:p></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);">Thus ‘gasifiers’ are getting rated as if they do not consume fuel that is actually consumed.</span><o:p></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Crispin's point is that wood that is turned into charcoal is no longer wood. THAT is true. But there are two ways to state the efficiency: Fuel efficiency and Energy efficiency. Charcoal that is created is no longer wood. But it is a fuel made from wood that was transformed. And it typically represent 25% to 35% of the energy that is in the dry weight of the wood. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><br><br>You indicated that the area is reasonably wooded. So it is not a case of scarcity of wood. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><br><br>If the created charcoal is put into the soil as biochar, then that energy content is no longer available.<br><br>You as the project leader and with your personnel can make the decision about how to read the numbers in the reports on stove efficiency (of fuel or of energy).<br><br>Paul<br><br><br><o:p></o:p></div><pre style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Courier New';">Doc / Dr TLUD / Prof. Paul S. Anderson, PhD <o:p></o:p></pre><pre style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Courier New';">Email: <a href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;">psanders@ilstu.edu</a> <o:p></o:p></pre><pre style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Courier New';">Skype: paultlud Phone: +1-309-452-7072<o:p></o:p></pre><pre style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Courier New';">Website: <a href="http://www.drtlud.com/" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;">www.drtlud.com</a><o:p></o:p></pre><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">On 9/15/2014 10:45 PM, Crispin Pemberton-Pigott wrote:<o:p></o:p></div></div><blockquote style="margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 5pt;"><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);">Dear Huck</span><o:p></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"> </span><o:p></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);">Just one quick point:</span><o:p></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"> </span><o:p></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);">“The gasifier, as I understand it, is more efficient and has lower emissions.”</span><o:p></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"> </span><o:p></o:p></div><div><div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);">It depends on the test method and the metrics. It is fashionable to use the GACC-WBT and that test does not report fuel consumption, it reports the fuel mass equivalent of the energy consumption, treating charcoal left over as unburned raw fuel (meaning it says the wood was not consumed).</span><o:p></o:p></div></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"> </span><o:p></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);">Thus ‘gasifiers’ are getting rated as if they do not consume fuel that is actually consumed. When you assess the performance be sure you are clear on how the method calculates performance and what the metrics are. You may want to measure ( and weigh) fuel needed per cooking cycle rather than use any calculated numbers from a complex test protocol.</span><o:p></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"> </span><o:p></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);">For evaluation of performance I recommend the CSI-WHT which is a water heating test (no boiling) and a measure of the raw fuel needed per replication of the cooing cycle. It is used by the WB in the Clean Stove Initiative in Indonesia. Documentation (some anyway) is available.</span><o:p></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"> </span><o:p></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);">Regards</span><o:p></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);">Crispin in Tamil Naidu</span><o:p></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"> </span><o:p></o:p></div></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br><br><br><o:p></o:p></div><pre style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Courier New';">_______________________________________________<o:p></o:p></pre><pre style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Courier New';">Stoves mailing list<o:p></o:p></pre><pre style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Courier New';"><o:p> </o:p></pre><pre style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Courier New';">to Send a Message to the list, use the email address<o:p></o:p></pre><pre style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Courier New';"><a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Courier New';"><o:p> </o:p></pre><pre style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Courier New';">to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page<o:p></o:p></pre><pre style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Courier New';"><a href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;">http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org</a><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Courier New';"><o:p> </o:p></pre><pre style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Courier New';">for more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see our web site:<o:p></o:p></pre><pre style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Courier New';"><a href="http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;">http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/</a><o:p></o:p></pre><pre style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Courier New';"><o:p> </o:p></pre></blockquote><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p> </o:p></div></div>_______________________________________________<br>Stoves mailing list<br><br>to Send a Message to the list, use the email address<br><a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br><br>to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page<br>http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org<br><br>for more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see our web site:<br>http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/<br><br></div></blockquote></div><br></div></body></html>