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<DIV><FONT face=Gautami>Ron, Anh's site has an English version: </FONT><A
href="http://www.greengenstove.com/index.php/en/"><FONT
face=Gautami>http://www.greengenstove.com/index.php/en/</FONT></A></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Gautami></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Gautami>Robert Taylor</FONT></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE
style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 2px solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt 新細明體">----- Original Message ----- </DIV>
<DIV
style="FONT: 10pt 新細明體; BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; font-color: black"><B>From:</B>
<A title=rongretlarson@comcast.net
href="mailto:rongretlarson@comcast.net">Ronal W. Larson</A> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt 新細明體"><B>To:</B> <A
title=stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org
href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">Discussion of biomass</A> ; <A
title=ntanh@greengenvn.com href="mailto:ntanh@greengenvn.com">Anh</A> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt 新細明體"><B>Sent:</B> Saturday, September 20, 2014 7:03
AM</DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt 新細明體"><B>Subject:</B> Re: [Stoves] cook stoves for
Cameroon</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>Anh
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="WHITE-SPACE: pre" class=Apple-tab-span></SPAN>Thanks for
this note to help Huck. Few questions below. I used Google
translate to visit your site <A
href="http://www.greengenstove.com">http://www.greengenstove.com</A> and am
pleased that you are in operation. I like the look of your square design
- that we don’t see much. Should much better allow sticks than with a
round design. Have you seen users place the sticks vertically?
There could be serious air-blockage with horizontal placement if the
input wood is very uniform, but I think almost all natural twigs, sticks could
make this no problem. Do the sticks have to be quite uniform in length
and/or carefully placed to get good performance? Any local “roundish”
fuel that is available? Rice husks work?</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV><BR>
<DIV>
<DIV>On Sep 18, 2014, at 5:26 AM, Anh <<A
href="mailto:ntanh@greengenvn.com">ntanh@greengenvn.com</A>>
wrote:</DIV><BR class=Apple-interchange-newline>
<BLOCKQUOTE type="cite">
<DIV
style="TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; FONT: 18px Helvetica; WHITE-SPACE: normal; LETTER-SPACING: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"
lang=EN-US vlink="purple" link="blue">
<DIV style="page: WordSection1" class=WordSection1>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt">Huck,
Ron and list,<O:P></O:P></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt"></SPAN> </DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt">I
am Anh from GreenGenStove in Vietnam, we are making TLUDs and I’d like to
share some experience that may help a bit.<O:P></O:P></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt"></SPAN> </DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt">TLUD
made charcoal and my customers can use that charcoal in 2
ways:<O:P></O:P></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV
style="TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt"><SPAN>-<SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> <SPAN
class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt">Leave
it there to burn in the stove to cook something that need long time, low
heat (like stews, bones boiling,…) at the end of normal
cooking.<O:P></O:P></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV
style="TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt"><SPAN>-<SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> <SPAN
class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt">Put
out the fire to keep the charcoal for later cooking using dry sand or
soil.<O:P></O:P></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt">So
I am sure that char are accounted for by
users.</SPAN></DIV></DIV></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE><SPAN style="WHITE-SPACE: pre"
class=Apple-tab-span></SPAN><B>[RWL: My assumption is that using the
same stove would tend to be smokier and not able to achieve a very high heat.
True?</B></DIV>
<DIV><B><SPAN style="WHITE-SPACE: pre" class=Apple-tab-span></SPAN>Has there
been any effort to use the produced char in soils? Is there a local
market for char - and what price/kg? In any of your provinces could char
sale be a major driver? Anyone talking there about biochar as opposed to
char?</B></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt"> </SPAN>
<BLOCKQUOTE type="cite">
<DIV
style="TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; FONT: 18px Helvetica; WHITE-SPACE: normal; LETTER-SPACING: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"
lang=EN-US vlink="purple" link="blue">
<DIV style="page: WordSection1" class=WordSection1>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt">TLUD
require to cut fire wood to short pieces to fit in the stove (we got this
complain all the time) but it can use many other biomass too, especially
corn cobs which is very hard to burn with three stones or some other stove.
If you have carpenter workshops nearby, all the little wood junks from the
shop can be great fuel, no need to cut and it is much better quality than
normal soft wood/branches that normally used for cooking. Saw dust can be
great too but you would need extra biomass box (a kind of retort) to use it.
TLUD can adjust the fire level (controlling the primary air) and
require almost no fire tending so that can somehow obsess the extra time
needed to prepare fuel.</SPAN></DIV></DIV></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE><SPAN
style="WHITE-SPACE: pre" class=Apple-tab-span></SPAN><B>RWL: I presume
your editor “helped” by changing “offset” to “obsess”.
How important is low fire-tending time to your buyers/users?</B><BR>
<BLOCKQUOTE type="cite">
<DIV
style="TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; FONT: 18px Helvetica; WHITE-SPACE: normal; LETTER-SPACING: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"
lang=EN-US vlink="purple" link="blue">
<DIV style="page: WordSection1" class=WordSection1>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt"><O:P></O:P></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt"></SPAN> </DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt">Another
advantage of TLUD is fire up time, for us is less than 30 secs, which
impress all the users.</SPAN></DIV></DIV></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE><SPAN
style="WHITE-SPACE: pre" class=Apple-tab-span></SPAN><B>[RWL: You are
the first I have heard make that statement. Good news.</B><BR>
<BLOCKQUOTE type="cite">
<DIV
style="TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; FONT: 18px Helvetica; WHITE-SPACE: normal; LETTER-SPACING: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"
lang=EN-US vlink="purple" link="blue">
<DIV style="page: WordSection1" class=WordSection1>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt"><O:P></O:P></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt"></SPAN> </DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt">We
currently working in 12 mountainous provinces in north of Vietnam and the
fuel availability, cooking habit are varied from place to place, so we need
to learn about the customers before deciding which would be the best selling
points to them (among a dozen of advantages of TLUD or any improved cook
stove). Changing cooking habit would be the most difficult thing or at
least, it will take the most time to
change.</SPAN></DIV></DIV></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE><SPAN style="WHITE-SPACE: pre"
class=Apple-tab-span></SPAN><B>[RWL: Carrying all these thoughts
further would be helpful to us all - especially Huck right now. How many
sold so far at what prices? Are you able to let prospective buyers try
them out first in their homes? Anyone buying more than one
size?</B></DIV>
<DIV><B><SPAN style="WHITE-SPACE: pre" class=Apple-tab-span></SPAN>Any
estimates now of the efficiency? Or efficiency improvement? Of the
percent char you can obtain - by weight?</B></DIV>
<DIV><B><SPAN style="WHITE-SPACE: pre" class=Apple-tab-span></SPAN>The biggest
concern I hear about is that the TLUD units are always batch; Have your
users said that was a reason they could not buy? And what would be your
response.</B></DIV>
<DIV><B><SPAN style="WHITE-SPACE: pre" class=Apple-tab-span></SPAN>We’d all
like to hear more of your list of a dozen sales points.</B></DIV>
<DIV><B><BR></B></DIV>
<DIV><B><SPAN style="WHITE-SPACE: pre" class=Apple-tab-span></SPAN>Sorry for
so many questions - but you have much to teach us. Thanks very much for
jumping in.</B></DIV>
<DIV><B><BR></B></DIV>
<DIV><B>Ron</B></DIV>
<DIV><B><BR></B>
<BLOCKQUOTE type="cite">
<DIV
style="TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; FONT: 18px Helvetica; WHITE-SPACE: normal; LETTER-SPACING: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"
lang=EN-US vlink="purple" link="blue">
<DIV style="page: WordSection1" class=WordSection1>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt"><O:P></O:P></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt"></SPAN> </DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt">Regards,<O:P></O:P></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt"></SPAN> </DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt">Anh<O:P></O:P></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt"></SPAN> </DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt"></SPAN> </DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="BORDER-BOTTOM-STYLE: none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: none; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-LEFT-STYLE: none; BORDER-TOP: rgb(181,196,223) 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 3pt">
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma, sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">From:</SPAN></B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma, sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><SPAN
class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN>Stoves [<A
href="mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org">mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org</A>]<SPAN
class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN><B>On Behalf Of<SPAN
class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN></B>Ronal W.
Larson<BR><B>Sent:</B><SPAN
class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN>Thursday, September 18, 2014 11:43
AM<BR><B>To:</B><SPAN class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN>Huck Rorick;
Discussion of biomass<BR><B>Subject:</B><SPAN
class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN>Re: [Stoves] cook stoves for
Cameroon<O:P></O:P></SPAN></DIV></DIV></DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><O:P></O:P></DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">Huck,
list, cc Paul<O:P></O:P></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
class=apple-tab-span> <SPAN
class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN></SPAN>I read all the good
information provided by the young person who answered your questions.
Tell him/her that he/she did a good job.<O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
class=apple-tab-span> <SPAN
class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN></SPAN>The main new information I
got was that your part of the Cameroons has to follow a practice of slash
and burn. This requires enormous effort - way more I’ll bet than the
practice of finding firewood. And the time before needing to slash is
probably getting shorter - and little land is probably available to produce
cash crops.<O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
class=apple-tab-span> <SPAN
class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN></SPAN>I suggest you google for the
words “slash and char” (especially the website of Dr. Christoph
Steiner), “Terra Preta”, “biochar”, etc. The idea of char-making
stoves is intimately tied in with the idea of soil improvement - with the
most prominent means for low income families in countries like the Cameroons
being that of saving the char for placement in soil - to get improvements in
yield, but also to avoid having to continually be moving their ag
plots.<O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
class=apple-tab-span> </SPAN><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
class=apple-tab-span> <SPAN
class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN></SPAN>Prof Lloyd has indicated
today that char from char-making stoves will be thrown away. Will not
happen.<O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
class=apple-tab-span> <SPAN
class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN></SPAN>More
below<O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><O:P></O:P></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">On
Sep 17, 2014, at 8:27 PM, Huck Rorick <<A
style="COLOR: purple; TEXT-DECORATION: underline"
href="mailto:huckrorick@groundwork.org">huckrorick@groundwork.org</A>>
wrote:<O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><BR><BR><O:P></O:P></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt">Hi
All,</SPAN><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt"></SPAN><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt">I
found myself a little confused by the
discussion. </SPAN><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt"></SPAN><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt">Not
being expert in the field, this is how I would pose my
questions:</SPAN><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<OL style="MARGIN-TOP: 0in; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in" type=1>
<LI
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 12pt"
class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">There is a
certain amount of energy per kilogram of wood (I’m going to stick with
wood for the moment rather than all
biomass).</SPAN><O:P></O:P></LI></OL></DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
class=apple-tab-span> <SPAN
class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN></SPAN><B> </B>[RWL1:
Always very close to 18 MJ/kg if dry. You need to be sure that
only dried wood goes into any stove.<O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><BR><BR><O:P></O:P></DIV>
<DIV>
<OL style="MARGIN-TOP: 0in; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in" type=1>
<LI
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 12pt"
class=MsoNormal><O:P></O:P>
<LI
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 12pt"
class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">When burned,
some of that energy is realized and some is not, i.e. there is not
complete combustion. How complete is the combustion? How much
energy is released? That would be the first measure. I want
this because it tells me about one component of the system and is useful
for design. It does not tell me the net result for the
user.</SPAN><O:P></O:P></LI></OL></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
class=apple-tab-span> <SPAN
class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN></SPAN><B>[RWL2. </B><SPAN
class=apple-tab-span> <SPAN
class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN></SPAN>The three stone fire might
give you only 10-15% efficiency. Improved stoves at least twice that.
Part of the loss is in CO and particulates. Char-making stoves
usually show up best in EPA testing.<O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><BR><BR><O:P></O:P></DIV>
<DIV>
<OL style="MARGIN-TOP: 0in; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in" type=1 start=2>
<LI
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 12pt"
class=MsoNormal><O:P></O:P>
<LI
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 12pt"
class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">How much of the
released energy goes into cooking? That would be my next
measure. That should tell me what weight of wood people have to
collect to cook their food. It is worth noting that the amount of
energy that goes into cooking is also affected by the pots and lids used
as well as how they fit onto the stove.</SPAN><O:P></O:P></LI></OL></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
class=apple-tab-span> <SPAN
class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN></SPAN><B>[RWL3: Plenty of
data on this - for both total combustion (look up “Rocket stoves”)
and char-making (TLUDs). Yes on your
qualifiers.</B><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><BR><BR><O:P></O:P></DIV>
<DIV>
<OL style="MARGIN-TOP: 0in; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in" type=1 start=3>
<LI
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 12pt"
class=MsoNormal><O:P></O:P>
<LI
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 12pt"
class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">It is also
important to know how much energy was expended to get the fuel and prepare
it for use. Some of that energy is human energy so it gets treated a
bit differently and has a different impact. For example, it doesn’t
convert simply to climate impact (are humans low global warming gas
emitters?). If you cut up the fuel a lot and process it a lot there
is a cost there. I don’t know how that stacks up for gasifiers vs
other stoves.</SPAN><O:P></O:P></LI></OL></DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
class=apple-tab-span> <SPAN
class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN></SPAN><B>[RWL4: For sure the
TLUDS will require more effort in fuel preparation. But that
also can be balanced if you can avoid slash and burn. Humans are not
low global warming emitters. Your village is one of the lowest of
course - but there will eventually be some funds transfer to the
Cameroons for help in carbon sequestration - with biochar likely to be
a least cost way. Cutting wood can be not so onerous if you start with
small stuff (branches not trunks). Plan on selling the big
trees, not using them for cooking. Also grasses may work where you
are.</B><BR><BR><O:P></O:P></DIV>
<DIV>
<OL style="MARGIN-TOP: 0in; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in" type=1 start=4>
<LI
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 12pt"
class=MsoNormal><O:P></O:P>
<LI
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 12pt"
class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">Regarding
charcoal. I am presuming you can still use the charcoal. I
was, apparently erroneously, under the impression that gasifier stoves
could continue to receive primary air and therefore burn the
charcoal. I actually liked that idea because it was simple and used
most of the energy in the stove. If you take the charcoal out of the
stove you then have a couple of options for using it. You can burn
it in another stove, which has some appeal as you can do a different kind
of cooking with it (e.g. BBQ, or ?). But also seems like quite a bit
of work and complication for a small amount of charcoal. Or, you can
use it in the soil. So another question:</SPAN><O:P></O:P></LI></OL></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
class=apple-tab-span> <SPAN
class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN></SPAN><B>[RWL5: Yes you can
use charcoal for cooking - but do not use in the same device used to make
it. It is much dirtier and less efficient to use the same stove.
But yes to your last sentence on putting in soil.
Your “clients” should try it with a few small “holes” - not
a whole field. Comparison and experimentation is critical.
We know of cases near you that were so positive that theft
hindered reporting.</B><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><BR><BR><O:P></O:P></DIV>
<DIV>
<OL style="MARGIN-TOP: 0in; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in" type=1 start=5>
<LI
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 12pt"
class=MsoNormal><O:P></O:P>
<LI
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 12pt"
class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">Is a gasifier
stove with charcoal (biochar) buried actually carbon
negative?</SPAN><O:P></O:P></LI></OL></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
class=apple-tab-span> <SPAN
class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN></SPAN><B>[RWL6: Yes.
Not permanently - but hundreds (maybe thousands) of years is enough to
count.</B><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><BR><BR><O:P></O:P></DIV>
<DIV>
<OL style="MARGIN-TOP: 0in; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in" type=1 start=6>
<LI
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 12pt"
class=MsoNormal><O:P></O:P>
<LI
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 12pt"
class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">Then the other
important measure: what are the emissions?</SPAN><O:P></O:P></LI></OL></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
class=apple-tab-span> <SPAN
class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN></SPAN><B>[RWL7: There is a
ranking system (1:4), with char-making stoves generally the highest.
The most recent reporting on this list was about work by Mr.
Kirk Harris - generally well over 4.0 But they can be done
badly as well.</B><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><BR><BR><O:P></O:P></DIV>
<DIV>
<OL style="MARGIN-TOP: 0in; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in" type=1 start=7>
<LI
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 12pt"
class=MsoNormal><O:P></O:P></LI></OL>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt"></SPAN><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt">And,
a kind of crude question: with the ins and outs of this discussion is it the
case that rocket stoves or some other stove is more efficient than the
gasifiers? In my question by efficiency I mean kg of wood required for
a Cameroonian to cook their meals?</SPAN><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
class=apple-tab-span> <SPAN
class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN></SPAN><B>[RWL8: Almost
certainly the Rocket will use less fuel for cooking. But not true for
an exceptional TLUD vs a poor Rocket. But if you get 50% more produce
from a garden, many are saying that is a tradeoff worth making (and
having the same garden year-after year).</B><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><BR><BR><O:P></O:P></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt">Which
stove do they have to carry more wood for and do more fuel preparation
for? (I’m not sure how you measure the combined work for those
tasks).</SPAN><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
class=apple-tab-span> <SPAN
class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN></SPAN><B>[RWL: Too little
knowledge on my/our part of your fuel choices. Maybe there is a waste
product all over the place you can be using in a TLUD (and not in a Rocket).
Corn cobs? a nice reed? palm
waste?</B><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
class=apple-tab-span><B> <SPAN
class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN></B></SPAN><B>There is
a serious difference in the time needed to tend a fire in the two types
as well - much less for a TLUD. Maybe there is a local need for char
- and the sale can justify the extra time spent finding and preparing
fuel. There is no such income potential with Rockets. But my
main concern is that you apparently have some very poor soil - and the best
way I know of to fix that is with charcoal.</B><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><B>Ron<BR><BR></B><O:P></O:P></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt"></SPAN><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt">Huck</SPAN><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><A
name=_MailEndCompose><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt"></SPAN></A><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="BORDER-BOTTOM-STYLE: none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: none; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-LEFT-STYLE: none; BORDER-TOP: rgb(181,196,223) 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 3pt">
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma, sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">From:</SPAN></B><SPAN
class=apple-converted-space><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma, sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma, sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Paul Anderson [<A
style="COLOR: purple; TEXT-DECORATION: underline"
href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu">mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu</A>]<SPAN
class=apple-converted-space> </SPAN><BR><B>Sent:</B><SPAN
class=apple-converted-space> </SPAN>Monday, September 15, 2014 9:25
PM<BR><B>To:</B><SPAN class=apple-converted-space> </SPAN>Discussion of
biomass cooking stoves<BR><B>Subject:</B><SPAN
class=apple-converted-space> </SPAN>Re: [Stoves] cook stoves for
Cameroon</SPAN><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">Huck,<BR><BR>Crispin
wrote:<BR><BR><BR><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt">Thus
‘gasifiers’ are getting rated as if they do not consume fuel that is
actually consumed.</SPAN><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">Crispin's
point is that wood that is turned into charcoal is no longer
wood. THAT is true. But there are two ways to
state the efficiency: Fuel efficiency and Energy
efficiency. Charcoal that is created is no longer
wood. But it is a fuel made from wood that was transformed.
And it typically represent 25% to 35% of the energy that is in
the dry weight of the wood. <SPAN
class=apple-converted-space> </SPAN><BR><BR>You indicated that the area
is reasonably wooded. So it is not a case of scarcity of
wood. <SPAN class=apple-converted-space> </SPAN><BR><BR>If
the created charcoal is put into the soil as biochar, then that energy
content is no longer available.<BR><BR>You as the project leader and with
your personnel can make the decision about how to read the numbers in the
reports on stove efficiency (of fuel or of
energy).<BR><BR>Paul<BR><BR><BR><BR><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV><PRE style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Doc / Dr TLUD / Prof. Paul S. Anderson, PhD <O:P></O:P></PRE><PRE style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Email: <A style="COLOR: purple; TEXT-DECORATION: underline" href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu"><SPAN style="COLOR: purple">psanders@ilstu.edu</SPAN></A> <O:P></O:P></PRE><PRE style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Skype: paultlud Phone: +1-309-452-7072<O:P></O:P></PRE><PRE style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Website: <A style="COLOR: purple; TEXT-DECORATION: underline" href="http://www.drtlud.com/"><SPAN style="COLOR: purple">www.drtlud.com</SPAN></A><O:P></O:P></PRE>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">On
9/15/2014 10:45 PM, Crispin Pemberton-Pigott
wrote:<O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE style="MARGIN-TOP: 5pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 5pt">
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt">Dear
Huck</SPAN><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt"></SPAN><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt">Just
one quick point:</SPAN><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt"></SPAN><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt">“The
gasifier, as I understand it, is more efficient and has lower
emissions.”</SPAN><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt"></SPAN><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt">It
depends on the test method and the metrics. It is fashionable to use the
GACC-WBT and that test does not report fuel consumption, it reports the
fuel mass equivalent of the energy consumption, treating charcoal left
over as unburned raw fuel (meaning it says the wood was not
consumed).</SPAN><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="COLOR: rgb(31,73,125)"></SPAN><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt">Thus
‘gasifiers’ are getting rated as if they do not consume fuel that is
actually consumed. When you assess the performance be sure you are clear
on how the method calculates performance and what the metrics are. You may
want to measure ( and weigh) fuel needed per cooking cycle rather than use
any calculated numbers from a complex test
protocol.</SPAN><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt"></SPAN><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt">For
evaluation of performance I recommend the CSI-WHT which is a water heating
test (no boiling) and a measure of the raw fuel needed per replication of
the cooing cycle. It is used by the WB in the Clean Stove Initiative in
Indonesia. Documentation (some anyway) is
available.</SPAN><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt"></SPAN><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt">Regards</SPAN><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt">Crispin
in Tamil Naidu</SPAN><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt"></SPAN><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
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