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<DIV><FONT face=Georgia>No, I just lurk this list, out of personal
interest.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Georgia></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Georgia>Robert</FONT></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE
style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 2px solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt 新細明體">----- Original Message ----- </DIV>
<DIV
style="FONT: 10pt 新細明體; BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; font-color: black"><B>From:</B>
<A title=rongretlarson@comcast.net
href="mailto:rongretlarson@comcast.net">Ronal W. Larson</A> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt 新細明體"><B>To:</B> <A
title=stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org
href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">Discussion of biomass</A> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt 新細明體"><B>Sent:</B> Saturday, September 20, 2014 10:18
AM</DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt 新細明體"><B>Subject:</B> Re: [Stoves] cook stoves for
Cameroon</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>Robert - Thanks
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="WHITE-SPACE: pre" class=Apple-tab-span></SPAN>Sure makes it
easier - and answered some questions. Are you working with Anh?</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV>Ron</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV><BR>
<DIV>
<DIV>On Sep 19, 2014, at 5:31 PM, Robert Taylor <<A
href="mailto:rt@ms1.hinet.net">rt@ms1.hinet.net</A>> wrote:</DIV><BR
class=Apple-interchange-newline>
<BLOCKQUOTE type="cite">
<DIV
style="TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; FONT: 18px Helvetica; WORD-WRAP: break-word; WHITE-SPACE: normal; LETTER-SPACING: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"
bgcolor="#ffffff">
<DIV><FONT face=Gautami>Ron, Anh's site has an English version:<SPAN
class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN></FONT><A
href="http://www.greengenstove.com/index.php/en/"><FONT
face=Gautami>http://www.greengenstove.com/index.php/en/</FONT></A></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Gautami></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Gautami>Robert Taylor</FONT></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE
style="BORDER-LEFT: rgb(0,0,0) 2px solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt 新細明體">----- Original Message -----</DIV>
<DIV
style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(228,228,228); FONT: 10pt 新細明體"><B>From:</B><SPAN
class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN><A
title=rongretlarson@comcast.net
href="mailto:rongretlarson@comcast.net">Ronal W. Larson</A></DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt 新細明體"><B>To:</B><SPAN
class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN><A
title=stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org
href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">Discussion of
biomass</A><SPAN class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN>;<SPAN
class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN><A title=ntanh@greengenvn.com
href="mailto:ntanh@greengenvn.com">Anh</A></DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt 新細明體"><B>Sent:</B><SPAN
class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN>Saturday, September 20, 2014 7:03
AM</DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt 新細明體"><B>Subject:</B><SPAN
class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN>Re: [Stoves] cook stoves for
Cameroon</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>Anh
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="WHITE-SPACE: pre" class=Apple-tab-span></SPAN>Thanks for
this note to help Huck. Few questions below. I used Google
translate to visit your site <A
href="http://www.greengenstove.com/">http://www.greengenstove.com</A><SPAN
class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN>and am pleased that you are in
operation. I like the look of your square design - that we don’t
see much. Should much better allow sticks than with a round design.
Have you seen users place the sticks vertically? There could
be serious air-blockage with horizontal placement if the input wood is
very uniform, but I think almost all natural twigs, sticks could make this
no problem. Do the sticks have to be quite uniform in length and/or
carefully placed to get good performance? Any local “roundish”
fuel that is available? Rice husks work?</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV><BR>
<DIV>
<DIV>On Sep 18, 2014, at 5:26 AM, Anh <<A
href="mailto:ntanh@greengenvn.com">ntanh@greengenvn.com</A>>
wrote:</DIV><BR class=Apple-interchange-newline>
<BLOCKQUOTE type="cite">
<DIV
style="TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; FONT: 18px Helvetica; WHITE-SPACE: normal; LETTER-SPACING: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"
lang=EN-US link="blue" vlink="purple">
<DIV style="page: WordSection1" class=WordSection1>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt">Huck,
Ron and list,<O:P></O:P></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt"></SPAN> </DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt">I
am Anh from GreenGenStove in Vietnam, we are making TLUDs and I’d like
to share some experience that may help a bit.<O:P></O:P></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt"></SPAN> </DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt">TLUD
made charcoal and my customers can use that charcoal in 2
ways:<O:P></O:P></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV
style="TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt"><SPAN>-<SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> <SPAN
class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt">Leave
it there to burn in the stove to cook something that need long time, low
heat (like stews, bones boiling,…) at the end of normal
cooking.<O:P></O:P></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV
style="TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt"><SPAN>-<SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> <SPAN
class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt">Put
out the fire to keep the charcoal for later cooking using dry sand or
soil.<O:P></O:P></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt">So
I am sure that char are accounted for by
users.</SPAN></DIV></DIV></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE><SPAN style="WHITE-SPACE: pre"
class=Apple-tab-span></SPAN><B>[RWL: My assumption is that using the
same stove would tend to be smokier and not able to achieve a very high
heat. True?</B></DIV>
<DIV><B><SPAN style="WHITE-SPACE: pre" class=Apple-tab-span></SPAN>Has
there been any effort to use the produced char in soils? Is there a
local market for char - and what price/kg? In any of your provinces
could char sale be a major driver? Anyone talking there about
biochar as opposed to char?</B></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt"> </SPAN>
<BLOCKQUOTE type="cite">
<DIV
style="TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; FONT: 18px Helvetica; WHITE-SPACE: normal; LETTER-SPACING: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"
lang=EN-US link="blue" vlink="purple">
<DIV style="page: WordSection1" class=WordSection1>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt">TLUD
require to cut fire wood to short pieces to fit in the stove (we got
this complain all the time) but it can use many other biomass too,
especially corn cobs which is very hard to burn with three stones or
some other stove. If you have carpenter workshops nearby, all the little
wood junks from the shop can be great fuel, no need to cut and it is
much better quality than normal soft wood/branches that normally used
for cooking. Saw dust can be great too but you would need extra biomass
box (a kind of retort) to use it. TLUD can adjust the fire level
(controlling the primary air) and require almost no fire tending
so that can somehow obsess the extra time needed to prepare
fuel.</SPAN></DIV></DIV></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE><SPAN style="WHITE-SPACE: pre"
class=Apple-tab-span></SPAN><B>RWL: I presume your
editor “helped” by changing “offset”
to “obsess”. How important is low fire-tending time to
your buyers/users?</B><BR>
<BLOCKQUOTE type="cite">
<DIV
style="TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; FONT: 18px Helvetica; WHITE-SPACE: normal; LETTER-SPACING: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"
lang=EN-US link="blue" vlink="purple">
<DIV style="page: WordSection1" class=WordSection1>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt"><O:P></O:P></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt"></SPAN> </DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt">Another
advantage of TLUD is fire up time, for us is less than 30 secs, which
impress all the users.</SPAN></DIV></DIV></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE><SPAN
style="WHITE-SPACE: pre" class=Apple-tab-span></SPAN><B>[RWL: You
are the first I have heard make that statement. Good news.</B><BR>
<BLOCKQUOTE type="cite">
<DIV
style="TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; FONT: 18px Helvetica; WHITE-SPACE: normal; LETTER-SPACING: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"
lang=EN-US link="blue" vlink="purple">
<DIV style="page: WordSection1" class=WordSection1>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt"><O:P></O:P></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt"></SPAN> </DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt">We
currently working in 12 mountainous provinces in north of Vietnam and
the fuel availability, cooking habit are varied from place to place, so
we need to learn about the customers before deciding which would be the
best selling points to them (among a dozen of advantages of TLUD or any
improved cook stove). Changing cooking habit would be the most difficult
thing or at least, it will take the most time to
change.</SPAN></DIV></DIV></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE><SPAN
style="WHITE-SPACE: pre" class=Apple-tab-span></SPAN><B>[RWL:
Carrying all these thoughts further would be helpful to us all
- especially Huck right now. How many sold so far at what prices?
Are you able to let prospective buyers try them out first in their
homes? Anyone buying more than one size?</B></DIV>
<DIV><B><SPAN style="WHITE-SPACE: pre" class=Apple-tab-span></SPAN>Any
estimates now of the efficiency? Or efficiency improvement? Of
the percent char you can obtain - by weight?</B></DIV>
<DIV><B><SPAN style="WHITE-SPACE: pre" class=Apple-tab-span></SPAN>The
biggest concern I hear about is that the TLUD units are always batch;
Have your users said that was a reason they could not buy? And
what would be your response.</B></DIV>
<DIV><B><SPAN style="WHITE-SPACE: pre" class=Apple-tab-span></SPAN>We’d
all like to hear more of your list of a dozen sales points.</B></DIV>
<DIV><B><BR></B></DIV>
<DIV><B><SPAN style="WHITE-SPACE: pre" class=Apple-tab-span></SPAN>Sorry
for so many questions - but you have much to teach us. Thanks very
much for jumping in.</B></DIV>
<DIV><B><BR></B></DIV>
<DIV><B>Ron</B></DIV>
<DIV><B><BR></B>
<BLOCKQUOTE type="cite">
<DIV
style="TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; FONT: 18px Helvetica; WHITE-SPACE: normal; LETTER-SPACING: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"
lang=EN-US link="blue" vlink="purple">
<DIV style="page: WordSection1" class=WordSection1>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt"><O:P></O:P></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt"></SPAN> </DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt">Regards,<O:P></O:P></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt"></SPAN> </DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt">Anh<O:P></O:P></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt"></SPAN> </DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt"></SPAN> </DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="BORDER-BOTTOM-STYLE: none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: none; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-LEFT-STYLE: none; BORDER-TOP: rgb(181,196,223) 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 3pt">
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma, sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">From:</SPAN></B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma, sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><SPAN
class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN>Stoves [<A
href="mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org">mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org</A>]<SPAN
class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN><B>On Behalf Of<SPAN
class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN></B>Ronal W.
Larson<BR><B>Sent:</B><SPAN
class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN>Thursday, September 18, 2014
11:43 AM<BR><B>To:</B><SPAN
class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN>Huck Rorick; Discussion of
biomass<BR><B>Subject:</B><SPAN
class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN>Re: [Stoves] cook stoves for
Cameroon<O:P></O:P></SPAN></DIV></DIV></DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><O:P></O:P></DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">Huck,
list, cc Paul<O:P></O:P></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
class=apple-tab-span> <SPAN
class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN></SPAN>I read all the good
information provided by the young person who answered your questions.
Tell him/her that he/she did a good job.<O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
class=apple-tab-span> <SPAN
class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN></SPAN>The main new information
I got was that your part of the Cameroons has to follow a practice of
slash and burn. This requires enormous effort - way more I’ll
bet than the practice of finding firewood. And the time before
needing to slash is probably getting shorter - and little land is
probably available to produce cash crops.<O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
class=apple-tab-span> <SPAN
class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN></SPAN>I suggest you google for
the words “slash and char” (especially the website of Dr.
Christoph Steiner), “Terra Preta”, “biochar”, etc. The
idea of char-making stoves is intimately tied in with the idea of soil
improvement - with the most prominent means for low income families in
countries like the Cameroons being that of saving the char for placement
in soil - to get improvements in yield, but also to avoid having to
continually be moving their ag plots.<O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
class=apple-tab-span> </SPAN><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
class=apple-tab-span> <SPAN
class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN></SPAN>Prof Lloyd has indicated
today that char from char-making stoves will be thrown away. Will
not happen.<O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
class=apple-tab-span> <SPAN
class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN></SPAN>More
below<O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><O:P></O:P></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">On
Sep 17, 2014, at 8:27 PM, Huck Rorick <<A
style="COLOR: purple; TEXT-DECORATION: underline"
href="mailto:huckrorick@groundwork.org">huckrorick@groundwork.org</A>>
wrote:<O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><BR><BR><O:P></O:P></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt">Hi
All,</SPAN><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt"></SPAN><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt">I
found myself a little confused by the
discussion. </SPAN><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt"></SPAN><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt">Not
being expert in the field, this is how I would pose my
questions:</SPAN><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<OL style="MARGIN-TOP: 0in; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in" type=1>
<LI
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 12pt"
class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">There is a
certain amount of energy per kilogram of wood (I’m going to stick
with wood for the moment rather than all
biomass).</SPAN><O:P></O:P></LI></OL></DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
class=apple-tab-span> <SPAN
class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN></SPAN><B> </B>[RWL1:
Always very close to 18 MJ/kg if dry. You need to be sure
that only dried wood goes into any stove.<O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><BR><BR><O:P></O:P></DIV>
<DIV>
<OL style="MARGIN-TOP: 0in; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in" type=1>
<LI
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 12pt"
class=MsoNormal><O:P></O:P>
<LI
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 12pt"
class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">When burned,
some of that energy is realized and some is not, i.e. there is not
complete combustion. How complete is the combustion? How
much energy is released? That would be the first measure.
I want this because it tells me about one component of the system and
is useful for design. It does not tell me the net result for the
user.</SPAN><O:P></O:P></LI></OL></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
class=apple-tab-span> <SPAN
class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN></SPAN><B>[RWL2.
</B><SPAN
class=apple-tab-span> <SPAN
class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN></SPAN>The three stone fire
might give you only 10-15% efficiency. Improved stoves at least
twice that. Part of the loss is in CO and particulates.
Char-making stoves usually show up best in EPA
testing.<O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><BR><BR><O:P></O:P></DIV>
<DIV>
<OL style="MARGIN-TOP: 0in; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in" type=1 start=2>
<LI
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 12pt"
class=MsoNormal><O:P></O:P>
<LI
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 12pt"
class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">How much of
the released energy goes into cooking? That would be my next
measure. That should tell me what weight of wood people have to
collect to cook their food. It is worth noting that the amount
of energy that goes into cooking is also affected by the pots and lids
used as well as how they fit onto the
stove.</SPAN><O:P></O:P></LI></OL></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
class=apple-tab-span> <SPAN
class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN></SPAN><B>[RWL3: Plenty
of data on this - for both total combustion (look up “Rocket
stoves”) and char-making (TLUDs). Yes on your
qualifiers.</B><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><BR><BR><O:P></O:P></DIV>
<DIV>
<OL style="MARGIN-TOP: 0in; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in" type=1 start=3>
<LI
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 12pt"
class=MsoNormal><O:P></O:P>
<LI
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 12pt"
class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">It is also
important to know how much energy was expended to get the fuel and
prepare it for use. Some of that energy is human energy so it
gets treated a bit differently and has a different impact. For
example, it doesn’t convert simply to climate impact (are humans low
global warming gas emitters?). If you cut up the fuel a lot and
process it a lot there is a cost there. I don’t know how that
stacks up for gasifiers vs other
stoves.</SPAN><O:P></O:P></LI></OL></DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
class=apple-tab-span> <SPAN
class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN></SPAN><B>[RWL4: For sure
the TLUDS will require more effort in fuel preparation.
But that also can be balanced if you can avoid slash and burn.
Humans are not low global warming emitters. Your village is
one of the lowest of course - but there will eventually be some
funds transfer to the Cameroons for help in carbon sequestration -
with biochar likely to be a least cost way. Cutting wood can
be not so onerous if you start with small stuff (branches not
trunks). Plan on selling the big trees, not using them for
cooking. Also grasses may work where you
are.</B><BR><BR><O:P></O:P></DIV>
<DIV>
<OL style="MARGIN-TOP: 0in; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in" type=1 start=4>
<LI
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 12pt"
class=MsoNormal><O:P></O:P>
<LI
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 12pt"
class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">Regarding
charcoal. I am presuming you can still use the charcoal. I
was, apparently erroneously, under the impression that gasifier stoves
could continue to receive primary air and therefore burn the
charcoal. I actually liked that idea because it was simple and
used most of the energy in the stove. If you take the charcoal
out of the stove you then have a couple of options for using it.
You can burn it in another stove, which has some appeal as you can do
a different kind of cooking with it (e.g. BBQ, or ?). But also
seems like quite a bit of work and complication for a small amount of
charcoal. Or, you can use it in the soil. So another
question:</SPAN><O:P></O:P></LI></OL></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
class=apple-tab-span> <SPAN
class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN></SPAN><B>[RWL5: Yes you
can use charcoal for cooking - but do not use in the same device used to
make it. It is much dirtier and less efficient to use the
same stove. But yes to your last sentence on putting in soil.
Your “clients” should try it with a few small
“holes” - not a whole field. Comparison and
experimentation is critical. We know of cases near you that
were so positive that theft hindered
reporting.</B><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><BR><BR><O:P></O:P></DIV>
<DIV>
<OL style="MARGIN-TOP: 0in; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in" type=1 start=5>
<LI
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 12pt"
class=MsoNormal><O:P></O:P>
<LI
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 12pt"
class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">Is a
gasifier stove with charcoal (biochar) buried actually carbon
negative?</SPAN><O:P></O:P></LI></OL></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
class=apple-tab-span> <SPAN
class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN></SPAN><B>[RWL6: Yes.
Not permanently - but hundreds (maybe thousands) of years is
enough to count.</B><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><BR><BR><O:P></O:P></DIV>
<DIV>
<OL style="MARGIN-TOP: 0in; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in" type=1 start=6>
<LI
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 12pt"
class=MsoNormal><O:P></O:P>
<LI
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 12pt"
class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">Then the
other important measure: what are the
emissions?</SPAN><O:P></O:P></LI></OL></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
class=apple-tab-span> <SPAN
class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN></SPAN><B>[RWL7: There
is a ranking system (1:4), with char-making stoves generally the
highest. The most recent reporting on this list was about
work by Mr. Kirk Harris - generally well over 4.0 But they
can be done badly as well.</B><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><BR><BR><O:P></O:P></DIV>
<DIV>
<OL style="MARGIN-TOP: 0in; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0in" type=1 start=7>
<LI
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 12pt"
class=MsoNormal><O:P></O:P></LI></OL>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt"></SPAN><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt">And,
a kind of crude question: with the ins and outs of this discussion is it
the case that rocket stoves or some other stove is more efficient than
the gasifiers? In my question by efficiency I mean kg of wood
required for a Cameroonian to cook their
meals?</SPAN><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
class=apple-tab-span> <SPAN
class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN></SPAN><B>[RWL8: Almost
certainly the Rocket will use less fuel for cooking. But not true
for an exceptional TLUD vs a poor Rocket. But if you get 50% more
produce from a garden, many are saying that is a tradeoff worth
making (and having the same garden year-after
year).</B><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><BR><BR><O:P></O:P></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt">Which
stove do they have to carry more wood for and do more fuel preparation
for? (I’m not sure how you measure the combined work for those
tasks).</SPAN><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
class=apple-tab-span> <SPAN
class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN></SPAN><B>[RWL: Too
little knowledge on my/our part of your fuel choices. Maybe there
is a waste product all over the place you can be using in a TLUD (and
not in a Rocket). Corn cobs? a nice reed? palm
waste?</B><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
class=apple-tab-span><B> <SPAN
class=Apple-converted-space> </SPAN></B></SPAN><B>There is
a serious difference in the time needed to tend a fire in the two
types as well - much less for a TLUD. Maybe there is a local need
for char - and the sale can justify the extra time spent finding
and preparing fuel. There is no such income potential with
Rockets. But my main concern is that you apparently have some
very poor soil - and the best way I know of to fix that is with
charcoal.</B><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><B>Ron<BR><BR></B><O:P></O:P></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt"></SPAN><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt">Huck</SPAN><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><A
name=_MailEndCompose><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt"></SPAN></A><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="BORDER-BOTTOM-STYLE: none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: none; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-LEFT-STYLE: none; BORDER-TOP: rgb(181,196,223) 1pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 3pt">
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma, sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">From:</SPAN></B><SPAN
class=apple-converted-space><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma, sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma, sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Paul Anderson
[<A style="COLOR: purple; TEXT-DECORATION: underline"
href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu">mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu</A>]<SPAN
class=apple-converted-space> </SPAN><BR><B>Sent:</B><SPAN
class=apple-converted-space> </SPAN>Monday, September 15, 2014 9:25
PM<BR><B>To:</B><SPAN
class=apple-converted-space> </SPAN>Discussion of biomass cooking
stoves<BR><B>Subject:</B><SPAN
class=apple-converted-space> </SPAN>Re: [Stoves] cook stoves for
Cameroon</SPAN><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">Huck,<BR><BR>Crispin
wrote:<BR><BR><BR><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt">Thus
‘gasifiers’ are getting rated as if they do not consume fuel that is
actually consumed.</SPAN><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">Crispin's
point is that wood that is turned into charcoal is no longer
wood. THAT is true. But there are two ways
to state the efficiency: Fuel efficiency and Energy
efficiency. Charcoal that is created is no longer
wood. But it is a fuel made from wood that was transformed.
And it typically represent 25% to 35% of the energy that is
in the dry weight of the wood. <SPAN
class=apple-converted-space> </SPAN><BR><BR>You indicated that the
area is reasonably wooded. So it is not a case of scarcity
of wood. <SPAN
class=apple-converted-space> </SPAN><BR><BR>If the created charcoal
is put into the soil as biochar, then that energy content is no longer
available.<BR><BR>You as the project leader and with your personnel can
make the decision about how to read the numbers in the reports on stove
efficiency (of fuel or of
energy).<BR><BR>Paul<BR><BR><BR><BR><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV><PRE style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Doc / Dr TLUD / Prof. Paul S. Anderson, PhD <O:P></O:P></PRE><PRE style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Email: <A style="COLOR: purple; TEXT-DECORATION: underline" href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu"><SPAN style="COLOR: purple">psanders@ilstu.edu</SPAN></A> <O:P></O:P></PRE><PRE style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Skype: paultlud Phone: +1-309-452-7072<O:P></O:P></PRE><PRE style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Website: <A style="COLOR: purple; TEXT-DECORATION: underline" href="http://www.drtlud.com/"><SPAN style="COLOR: purple">www.drtlud.com</SPAN></A><O:P></O:P></PRE>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">On
9/15/2014 10:45 PM, Crispin Pemberton-Pigott
wrote:<O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE style="MARGIN-TOP: 5pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 5pt">
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt">Dear
Huck</SPAN><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt"></SPAN><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt">Just
one quick point:</SPAN><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt"></SPAN><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt">“The
gasifier, as I understand it, is more efficient and has lower
emissions.”</SPAN><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt"></SPAN><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt">It
depends on the test method and the metrics. It is fashionable to use
the GACC-WBT and that test does not report fuel consumption, it
reports the fuel mass equivalent of the energy consumption, treating
charcoal left over as unburned raw fuel (meaning it says the wood was
not consumed).</SPAN><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="COLOR: rgb(31,73,125)"></SPAN><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt">Thus
‘gasifiers’ are getting rated as if they do not consume fuel that
is actually consumed. When you assess the performance be sure you are
clear on how the method calculates performance and what the metrics
are. You may want to measure ( and weigh) fuel needed per cooking
cycle rather than use any calculated numbers from a complex test
protocol.</SPAN><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt"></SPAN><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt">For
evaluation of performance I recommend the CSI-WHT which is a water
heating test (no boiling) and a measure of the raw fuel needed per
replication of the cooing cycle. It is used by the WB in the Clean
Stove Initiative in Indonesia. Documentation (some anyway) is
available.</SPAN><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt"></SPAN><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt">Regards</SPAN><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZE: 11pt">Crispin
in Tamil Naidu</SPAN><O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN
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