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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-CA link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>Dear Michael and All<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black'>Anyone know much about this affair at Brookhaven Labs on Long Island last month?<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black'><a href="http://forgreenheat.blogspot.com/2014_11_01_archive.html" title="http://forgreenheat.blogspot.com/2014_11_01_archive.html">http://forgreenheat.blogspot.com/2014_11_01_archive.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black'>In the past Brookhaven was more likely to be involved in radiation problems here.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>This link below is very interesting and describes an effort that is sort of being run in parallel to the EPA’s attempts to bring more science to the fireplace. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>The linked article (which is very long) mentions many of the things people are looking at including novel test methods.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>Near the bottom of the article is a photo of Prof Philip Hopke from Clarkson University in Potsdam NY, one of the well-known figures in the field of PM measurement.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>Previously mentioned here was the work of Alexander Batsulin in Russia who Yury helped me find and contact. That in turn led to a contact with Alex Chernov in Ontario who visited Waterloo for a fun-filled day.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>The Alliance for Green Heat and the Masonry Stove Builders Association are related but not entirely congruent in purpose or approach. Both are innovating. The technologies you can see at the website so I won’t worry about them.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>Their common ground is the disagreement with the EPA over methods of calculating performance, the targets set and the conditions which prevail when measurements are made. Different methods given significantly different results and ratings. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>Alexander Batsulin observes there are problems with the way Testo calculates efficiency, and this has occupied many minds for a while. The EPA method is different, and Batsulin disagrees with that too. The critical element of the calculation is the determination of the total volume of air by various means including fuel chemistry, velocity measurements, dilution (using differing formulae) and PM sampling conditions.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>The method described in the linked article is constantly under discussion. Hundreds of submissions have been made to the EPA which is seeking to regulate the sector. There are all sorts of problems with approving fireplaces built one by one. Stand-alone space heating stoves are much easier to regulate because they are shipped as a whole product.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>The method used in Ulaanbaatar (<i>HTP</i> for space heating) was developed with thinking along the lines that Batsulin uses – he having independently found the same errors with popular methods and proposes a ‘solution for dilution’). The approach of both is a chemically balanced calculation though Batsulin doesn’t go as far (in part because of a lack of equipment). The HTP attempts to make the efficiency calculation based on what was burned during a test portion. Ultimately the goal is to determine it ‘per measurement’ (10 seconds).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>Unless you are really interested in what these calculations involve I won’t bore anyone with them here. Conceptually they get a PM mass measured over some time interval under certain conditions, then calculate the volume of gases that contained that total mass of PM and calculate an emissions rate. Unfortunately this is usually expressed by the EPA ‘per unit mass of fuel burned’ though everyone else is moving to emissions per MJ delivered. This is happening because the sector is unregulated and they can do what is thought sensible at the time.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>There is a device shown in a picture near the bottom of the web page – wa-ay down. It is called a Condar and is a Canadian invention that many would find useful. It is a sampling device with a large diameter filter. It is connected to a vacuum source (like a vacuum cleaner) which is regulated in a way such that the pressure in the sample tube is held to a certain value. This gives a certain mass flow which with the PM mass gain on the filter, can then be interpreted to give a total PM during the sample period. A Condar is pretty cheap. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>Norbert Senf wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black'><a href="http://heatkit.com/research/lopezq.htm" target="_blank">http://heatkit.com/docs/OMNIcourse.pdf</a><br><br>has a transcript I did of Skip Barnett describing the Condar and how it works and what it does, starting around page 21<br><br>The only actual document by Skip is the Condar operating guide, which is on the Lopez Archive page:<br><a href="http://heatkit.com/docs/condar.PDF" target="_blank">http://heatkit.com/docs/condar.PDF</a></span><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>Using an O2 and CO cell (or whatever else you have) the volume of gases passing through the chimney can be estimated. Batsulin’s complaint is how that number is calculated. Using that number and the temperature, the heat loss from the stack can be calculated giving the system efficiency as a space heater. There are several (big) problems with this. One is that the fire might have a low burn rate but a low excess air flow and later that changes, while the sample of PM is drawn constantly. Without knowing how much fuel was burned and what was in it, the PM total mass is basically unknowable. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>With heating efficiency, which is a ratio, it is easier, but again the efficiency varies over time and averaging ‘efficiencies’ is not a valid step. It may have been 75% efficient at a low power and 60% efficient at high power, for different lengths of time. So Batsulin objects to as well (which he should) to averaging all the efficiency numbers. Unless the fuel burn rate was constant all the time (like in a power station from which the method comes) the answer is wrong – all the time. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>So the cooking stove community and the heating stove community and the fireplace community have some common issues to discuss. Some are as simple as this:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>“</span><span style='font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:#555544'>The Mulciber was also tested with unseasoned, 50% moisture content wood and performed quite well.</span><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>”<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>That is 50% on a dry weight basis, while we would normally say 33% WWB. </span><span style='font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:#555544'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'> “</span><span style='font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:#555544'>For decades, manufacturers have been building stoves to pass that test, but not necessarily to burn cleanly in homes.</span><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>”<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>Yeah, well, we have that problem too. Getting a ‘good rating’ on a badly calculated metric is not going to impress the cooks at the other end. That’s why we need to talk.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>Regards<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>Crispin<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black'>Anyone know much about this affair at Brookhaven Labs on Long Island last month?<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black'><a href="http://forgreenheat.blogspot.com/2014_11_01_archive.html" title="http://forgreenheat.blogspot.com/2014_11_01_archive.html">http://forgreenheat.blogspot.com/2014_11_01_archive.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black'>In the past Brookhaven was more likely to be involved in radiation problems here.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black'>Michael N Trevor<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black'>Marshall Islands<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div></div></div></div></body></html>