<html><head></head><body data-blackberry-caret-color="#00a8df" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: initial;"><div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); text-align: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Marc that was great.</div><div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); text-align: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br name="BB10" caretmarkerset="INVALID" class="markedForCaretMarkerRemoval"></div><div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); text-align: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Yes I can provide two, maybe three examples.</div><div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); text-align: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br></div><div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); text-align: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Ulaanbaatar City had stove replacement programmes from at least six nations or donors prior to 2007.<span style="font-size: initial; text-align: initial; line-height: initial;"> The effect was zero. Adoption was low. The air quality got worse each year with peak PM 2.5 reaching 4000 micrograms per cubic metre a couple of times a year.</span></div><div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); text-align: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: initial; text-align: initial; line-height: initial;"><br></span></div><div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); text-align: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: initial; text-align: initial; line-height: initial;">Starting in late 2007 a new initiative by the World Bank looked at the whole situation anew. Facing the poorly understood reality that the problem was combustion efficiency, not heat transfer efficiency, and going 180 degrees against the grain that "fuel replacement was the only possible answer to the pollution problem," - a position held by local and national government, the donors and other government groups like the EBRD, universities and the the fuel industry - things began from scratch in a new way. </span></div><div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); text-align: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: initial; text-align: initial; line-height: initial;"><br></span></div><div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); text-align: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: initial; text-align: initial; line-height: initial;">First it was demonstrated that the local common fuels could be burned extremely cleanly - PM could be reduced by 99.95%. That was in 2007. The device became known as the Mongolian Reference Burner. It was a downdraft J Stove very similar to the 17th century original. The performance was first reported on this list. </span></div><div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); text-align: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: initial; text-align: initial; line-height: initial;"><br></span></div><div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); text-align: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: initial; text-align: initial; line-height: initial;">Even today there are those c</span><span style="font-size: initial; line-height: initial; text-align: initial;">laiming that it cannot be done. Then, a test facility was built by the Asian Development Bank which assisted designers and rated stoves, now called the Stove Emissions and Efficiency Testing Laboratory (SEET Lab). New metrics were developed and new calculations made so the relative performance claims were accurate. All this was shared with the greater stove community which has to date, and to their detriment, largely stonewalled the conceptual and mathematical improvements, in favour of the WBT.</span></div><div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); text-align: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: initial; text-align: initial; line-height: initial;"><br name="BB10" caretmarkerset="INVALID" class="markedForCaretMarkerRemoval"></span></div><div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); text-align: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: initial; text-align: initial; line-height: initial;">I say that as a way of continuing to beat my head against that hide-bound stone wall that has led to the situation reported by Nate Johnson and much larger failures like the USAID program in Western Uganda which can be tied directly to the failure of the test method to make a proper determination of the performance of the stoves. The latter led to the 'permanent' detachment of USAID from stove programs so don't think this doesn't matter. </span></div><div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); text-align: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: initial; text-align: initial; line-height: initial;"><br></span></div><div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); text-align: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: initial; text-align: initial; line-height: initial;">Coordination of all the clean air activities in Ulaanbaatar by the World Bank began in 2005. After 2008 this coordination improved and activities were divided by sector with the ADB and WB assisting the testing facility, the Japanese concentrating on larger boilers in apartment buildings and the Millennium Challenge Corporation concentrating on "ger stoves" with Germany on building efficiency where they already had a project. GIZ independently developed an extremely clean crossdraft stove that is currently in private production. The plans for it are on my website. </span></div><div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); text-align: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: initial; text-align: initial; line-height: initial;"><br></span></div><div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); text-align: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: initial; text-align: initial; line-height: initial;">The MCA project had an expiry date so they spent money rapidly on stove subsidy and advertising budgets. After September 2013 the Ulaanbaatar City picked up the tab. By last week 170,000 ger stoves had been replaced by private sale with subsidies. There is support for 15,000 more available. </span></div><div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); text-align: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: initial; text-align: initial; line-height: initial;"><br></span></div><div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); text-align: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: initial; text-align: initial; line-height: initial;">All the stoves were selected on the basis of contextual lab testing only. See the CSI-WHT for a similar and better documented methodology. Or ask Cecil Cook. Field testing proved to be virtually impossible because of the conditions. LBNL gave it a good try. </span></div><div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); text-align: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: initial; text-align: initial; line-height: initial;"><br></span></div><div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); text-align: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: initial; text-align: initial; line-height: initial;">In 2014 the minimum reduction in PM and CO per delivered Megajoule of heat was 90%, up from the previous 80% of 2012-2013. In addition the test fuel was "worsened" but the relative performance requirement simultaneously tightened. So far only TLUD's and cross draft stoves have made the cut. Some are over 99% cleaner. </span></div><div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); text-align: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: initial; text-align: initial; line-height: initial;"><br></span></div><div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); text-align: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: initial; text-align: initial; line-height: initial;">These are the stoves which are NOT included in the GACC's stove inventory, written by Berkeley, specifically for the reason mentioned in the introduction - that they burn coal cleanly which is believed to be impossible. </span></div><div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); text-align: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: initial; text-align: initial; line-height: initial;"><br></span></div><div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); text-align: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: initial; text-align: initial; line-height: initial;">A different group from Berkeley - LBNL - will report their own testing tomorrow with the final report from MCC. I do not know what results they got or how it was calculated. </span></div><div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); text-align: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: initial; text-align: initial; line-height: initial;"><br></span></div><div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); text-align: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: initial; text-align: initial; line-height: initial;">In the meantime the city air quality improved as the stove replacement programme rolled out. In 2012, better by 22% measured against 2011. In 2013, better by 45%. This season, which is not over yet, at least another 10, maybe more. Stove emissions, even though the 22,000 household small boilers have not been improved yet, count for less than 1/2 the total PM in the city air. Reducing stove emissions to zero would not make the air clean because there are so many other sources like vehicles and the Gobi Desert. </span></div><div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); text-align: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: initial; text-align: initial; line-height: initial;"><br></span></div><div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); text-align: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: initial; text-align: initial; line-height: initial;">This is the first time a large city has improved it's air quality so much without changing the fuel. It is directly attributable to the stove programme. It is a spectacular success. Ongoing technical support from the WB and City government will complete the replacement programme (which is a high subsidy on approved stoves after sale). </span></div><div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); text-align: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: initial; text-align: initial; line-height: initial;"><br></span></div><div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); text-align: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: initial; text-align: initial; line-height: initial;">From 2015 the small water heating systems will be tackled and a stove design centre is being built right now with advanced manufacturing capabilities to support local industries. The lab has been upgraded and expanded to be able to test these low pressure boilers (LPB).</span></div><div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); text-align: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: initial; text-align: initial; line-height: initial;"><br></span></div><div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); text-align: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: initial; text-align: initial; line-height: initial;">That is a clear and unequivocal victory for the improved domestic stove sector. </span></div><div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); text-align: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: initial; text-align: initial; line-height: initial;"><br></span></div><div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); text-align: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: initial; text-align: initial; line-height: initial;">A second example is the spread of the POCA or Maputo Ceramic Stove. That was a DGIS-funded ProBEC/GIZ-managed, blue sky, off-the-wall, ground-up reassessment of small charcoal cooking stoves resulting in a novel all-ceramic product that does not "work like a Jiko". It's performance was assured using an Uncontrolled Cooking Test method which has been available since 2008. Only Omar Masera (independently) has also advocated and applied UCT's. The POCA was introduced to Senegal by me and to Malawi by Christa Roth in an all-metal version and it later spread to a number of countries - I am not sure how many. Christa may know. </span></div><div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); text-align: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: initial; text-align: initial; line-height: initial;"><br></span></div><div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); text-align: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: initial; text-align: initial; line-height: initial;">A superhuman ultimately unsuccessful effort was made privately in daunting circumstances in Benin by Xavier Brandao. He tried to refine the Senegal version in metal. It needed additional insights. He is now COO at Prakti Design and they will introduce a new game-changing charcoal stove soon that will knock your socks off. Refined using SeTAR's HTP, Jiddu (who was at ETHOS) has the production model 'right' I think. Watch that space. </span></div><div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); text-align: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: initial; text-align: initial; line-height: initial;"><br></span></div><div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); text-align: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: initial; text-align: initial; line-height: initial;">SNV has achieved a lot in Laos. GERES is behind the test method known as the AWBT.</span></div><div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); text-align: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: initial; text-align: initial; line-height: initial;"><br name="BB10" caretmarkerset="INVALID" class="markedForCaretMarkerRemoval"></span></div><div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); text-align: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: initial; text-align: initial; line-height: initial;">Looking ahead, China and Indonesia are on track to make a significant impact. We'll see about India in a couple of months. Overthrowing a dominant paradigm is actually boring, laborious, academic, arcane, error-prone, frustrating and worth it. So we have to persist.</span></div><div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); text-align: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: initial; text-align: initial; line-height: initial;"><br></span></div><div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); text-align: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: initial; text-align: initial; line-height: initial;">Both China and India have used their own methods for even longer than the US stoves groups have used their WBT. Changing with that much inertia in play is difficult because there are ever-larger institutions involved. But there already examples of success we can point to. </span></div><div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); text-align: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: initial; text-align: initial; line-height: initial;"><br name="BB10" caretmarkerset="INVALID" class="markedForCaretMarkerRemoval"></span></div><div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); text-align: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: initial; text-align: initial; line-height: initial;">Thanks for stopping by, Marc, both here and at ETHOS. </span></div><div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); text-align: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: initial; line-height: initial; text-align: initial;">Crispin </span></div><div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); text-align: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: initial; line-height: initial; text-align: initial;"><br></span></div><div style="width: 100%; font-size: initial; font-family: Calibri, 'Slate Pro', sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); text-align: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: initial; line-height: initial; text-align: initial;">+++++++++++</span></div><br><div id="_originalContent" style=""><div dir="ltr"><div>"Where's the win?" was the best audience question I heard at ETHOS this year.</div><div><br></div><div>The audience member was asking a panel to provide example of clear wins from stove project implementations.</div><div><br></div><div>In particular, this panel was about health impacts.</div><div><br></div><div>The whole room had trouble answering the question. </div><div><br></div><div>Partly, this was because a number of the presenters had shown evidence of the great difficulty of stove adoption in practice. Nordica Macarty had a quote from Dr. Nathan Johnson's findings in a Malawai community:</div><div><br></div><div>"Analysis indicated that cookstove type may affect fuel consumption but the effect was not statistically significant."</div><div><br></div><div>I'm sure there are good answers to this question out there. Does anyone on the list have any to share? I was really surprised that people at ETHOS didn't have a list to spin off at the tip of their tongues.</div><div><br></div><div><div class="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr">Marc Paré</div></div></div></div></div>
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