<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html charset=us-ascii"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;"><div>Thomas, List, cc Christa and Dorothea</div><div><br></div><div><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>1. I had forgotten until googling that we had a nice exchange on this geopolymer topic back in July</div><div><a href="http://lists.bioenergylists.org/pipermail/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org/2014-July/009011.html">http://lists.bioenergylists.org/pipermail/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org/2014-July/009011.html</a></div><div><br></div><div><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>2. During the stay at Apro after Ethos, I talked at length with Christa and Dorothea about geopolymers. I suggest that you three could have productive discussions because of GIZ current interest in the topic.</div><div><br></div><div><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>3. Other stove funders should also be talking with you..</div><div><br></div><div>Ron</div><br><div><div>On Feb 8, 2015, at 3:19 AM, T Hastings <<a href="mailto:mrthomhastings@gmail.com">mrthomhastings@gmail.com</a>> wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><blockquote type="cite">Hi Michael, Crispin and all the list members,<br><br>Rather than answering or responding to all the questions and notes<br>raised on this topic I will try and share with you some of my<br>experience on Fly ash for stoves.<br><br>What I believe Michael has read about and discussed with Zeobond is<br>Fly ash based geopolymer. These are cement like materials made by<br>mixing Coal fired power station waste (fly ash) with an alkali<br>activator. The theory is that the alkali dissolves at least a portion<br>of the fly ash which is mostly aluminium and silicon. These ions<br>recombine to former a polymer or chain like structure utilising the<br>alkali cation to balance the charge of the aluminium atom.<br><br>Several companies are developing it as a low CO2 replacement for OPC<br>(Ordinary Portland Cement) They mix the binder with regular aggregates<br>to make a OPC substitute.<br><br>In Australia, Zeobond have used a fly ash material to make footpaths<br>and some precast past. The mixing plant they refer to is a cement<br>batching plant...its big.<br>Another company in Queensland, Wagners have made very large precast<br>beams for a government building and are or will be making a airport<br>runway from their Earth Friendly Concrete.<br><br>You can look Wagners up here <a href="http://www.wagner.com.au/capabilities/efc/">http://www.wagner.com.au/capabilities/efc/</a><br><br>In South Africa, geopolymer is also making inroads<br>For example 0% cement concrete - M&R geopolymer concrete a South<br>African first!! <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wArEbfC91m0">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wArEbfC91m0</a><br><br>My own work at Unity Stove is similar but different. For these<br>companies to be successful they have to produce a product that is<br>comparable in price and performance to bulk portland cement type<br>concrete for building works. I am really not how sure their materials<br>will work in furnace lining type applications like the inside of solid<br>fuel stoves. The KSIAL material developed by Unity Stove is more<br>expensive to manufacture as it uses a far greater portion of activator<br>to try and achieve more dissolution of the aluminium and silica<br>sources. We also use different aluminium and silica sources ( due in<br>part to fly ash coming in tanker truck loads only) Also to avoid legal<br>issues KSIAL is based on old patents....yes geopolymers having been<br>around long enough for patents to expire. Like their materials, KSIAL<br>it not a DIY just add water product like portland cement so it very<br>hard to bag some up and hope that an experimenter follows the<br>instructions to mix and cure correctly.<br><br>I am sure it a type of stove material that some of the well funded<br>organisations working in this field will pick up and run with one day.<br>As I have been promoting, geopolymer materials such as KSIAL will<br>allow corrosion resistant stoves to be produced in small workshops<br>using readily available materials. Stoves can be repaired and or<br>crushed and recycled to make new stoves. It is compatible with<br>insulating aggregates such as perlite, scoria and wood ash and can<br>even be foamed to make a stove liner, pot support and insulation in<br>one piece. Its low thermal conductivity means the surface may get hot<br>but will not instantly burn skin in the way a metal stove can.<br><br>Anyway Michael, you are definitely on the right track with Fly Ash<br>cements and I would just love to pop over to the Marshall Islands with<br>a 20' container of materials and everything needed to start a mini<br>factory and start making stoves with you.<br><br>Regards<br>Thomas Hastings<br>Unity Stove<br><br><br><br><br><br>Some keywords for further research if you are interested in<br>researching this type of material further. Be aware though that Prof.<br>Davidovits does believe the pyramids are constructed from Geoploymer<br>and has even reconstructed and demonstated how they could have been<br>built using Nile silt and Natron.<br><br>Davidovits Geopolymer alkali activated cement refractory foam<br>and of course google Unity Stove to see Geopolymer stoves in use.<br><br>On Sun, Feb 8, 2015 at 5:54 PM, <<a href="mailto:mtrevor@mail.mh">mtrevor@mail.mh</a>> wrote:<br><blockquote type="cite"><br><br>From: Crispin Pemberton-Pigott<br>Sent: Sunday, February 08, 2015 3:57 PM<br>To: 'Discussion of biomass cooking stoves'<br>Subject: Re: [Stoves] Fly ash cement, Curiosity.<br><br><br>Thanks.<br><br><br><br>Did he say if it is transportable? Or does it have a very short packaged<br>life?<br><br><br><br>All you need is to find one of those mixing plants.<br><br>Crispin<br><br><br><br>If anyone is interested ----I made an inquiry with Zeobond. The E-crete is<br>not available in powdered bagged form.<br><br>It is a commercial large mix batch plant product.<br><br><br><br>Michael<br><br>Marshall Islands<br><br>________________________________<br>_______________________________________________<br>Stoves mailing list<br><br>to Send a Message to the list, use the email address<br><a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br><br>to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page<br>http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org<br><br>for more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see our web site:<br>http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/<br><br><br>_______________________________________________<br>Stoves mailing list<br><br>to Send a Message to the list, use the email address<br>stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org<br><br>to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page<br>http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org<br><br>for more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see our web site:<br>http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/<br><br><br></blockquote><br>_______________________________________________<br>Stoves mailing list<br><br>to Send a Message to the list, use the email address<br><a href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org</a><br><br>to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page<br>http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org<br><br>for more Biomass Cooking Stoves, News and Information see our web site:<br>http://stoves.bioenergylists.org/<br><br></blockquote></div><br></body></html>