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<div class="moz-cite-prefix">Crispin,<br>
<br>
Under the old subject line about fly ash and radioactivity,
perhaps people missed your message (which is intact below) about
mercury in leafy biomass.<br>
<br>
I inquire about the reasoning and the results related to your
message. I am supporting NONE of the statements, nor denying any
of them. Just trying to see the reasoning.<br>
<br>
1. Mercury (Hg) is more concentrated in leafy biomass than in
woody biomass. (Unstated about whether the Hg gets to the leaves
from the air or from the soil.)<br>
<br>
2. Leafy biomass into briquettes is more likely to be burned in
TLUD stoves than in other stoves.<br>
<br>
3. Letting the leaves decay on the ground lets the Hg go into the
ground.<br>
<br>
4. Burning the leafy biomass releases the Hg (95%) into the
atmosphere.<br>
<br>
5. Is there a statement that Hg in the atmosphere is worse than
Hg into the soil (and ground water)? I leaf that to the experts
to discuss. (pun intended)<br>
<br>
6. Because TLUDs make char (and char does not hold back the Hg),
therefore TLUDs release more Hg into the atmosphere PER UNIT OF
AVAILABLE ENERGY than do stoves that do not make charcoal.<br>
<br>
7. And is the above situation being declared to be important
enough to be a negative aspect of TLUD stoves?<br>
<br>
Maybe I missed something. <br>
<br>
It is interesting that the topic of Mercury related to stoves has
created so much interest for Listserv discussion, but has not been
a topic at stoves meetings. Granted that Hg is bad. But in the
grand scheme of things, are there any proposals that should be
considered for implementation about Hg and biomass and stoves?<br>
<br>
Paul<br>
<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">Doc / Dr TLUD / Prof. Paul S. Anderson, PhD
Email: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu">psanders@ilstu.edu</a>
Skype: paultlud Phone: +1-309-452-7072
Website: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="http://www.drtlud.com">www.drtlud.com</a></pre>
On 2/10/2015 2:45 PM, Crispin Pemberton-Pigott wrote:<br>
</div>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Dear
Biomass burners<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">There
is a good article from sensible researchers here<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.mindfully.org/Air/Mercury-Smoke-Biomass.htm">http://www.mindfully.org/Air/Mercury-Smoke-Biomass.htm</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Now
consider this and see how it affects your understanding of
mercury in the environment (it is literally everywhere so
pay attention).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Mercury
is released disproportionally from biomass relative to the
mass percent burned. In other words, operating a TLUD
gasifier releases the mercury in largely gaseous form (95%)
and the rest in particulate form. It is easily evaporated
going from Hg<sup>+2</sup> to Hg<sup>o</sup>. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">So
should we worry about TLUD’s releasing, proportionally,
about double the amount of Hg per useful MegaJoule of heat?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Hg
is concentrated in the leaves, especially deciduous tree
leaves. There are being processed into briquettes on an
increasing scale. Basically all the Hg is released when they
are burned even if there is char powder in the ash at the
end. Should we worry Richard and his alternative fuels
promotion?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">The
most ‘toxic, mercury laden’ smoke in the stove community
would come from a TLUD burning leaves from a deciduous tree
while making biochar: full release, maximum concentration,
least dilution during combustion.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Is
everyone automatically alarmed? But TLUD’s and gasification
and biochar and burning non-woody biomass are four of the
darlings of the improved stove community. What now?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">The
answer is obviously to calculate what the emission rates are
and the exposure level and the effect of such exposure
before jumping to any conclusions about wood or leaves or
coal or anything else. Data matters. Coal is just old
wood. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Burn
hot, maintain a cool head.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Crispin<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style="border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1
1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"
lang="EN-US">++++++</span></b><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"
lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">One
sandwich a week?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Who
told you that?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Good
grief. There is lots of mercury in the environment
including in sea air, and there are completely unknown
biological pathways metabolising it as was shown by the
atmospheric research station at Cape Point. The general
idea is that mercury is well "mixed in the atmosphere".
Not so. Sometimes it drops to zero in the air blowing from
Antarctica for hours at a time. There is no known process
that can do this. Most atmospheric mercury is from the
sea. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">I
am amazed that these coal memes survive for so long. There
is a really good lab at Clarkson Univ in Potsdam NY that
researches Hg in fish in the Great Lakes. Fantastically
small quantities can be detected. One sandwich a week? <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Argh<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Crispin
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Frans and Crispin,<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">Thanks for putting dimensions on the
issue. I know that coal ash is the bad actor. <o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">I'm still perturbed that I can only eat
one tuna fish sandwich a week because of the Mercury from
coal. <o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
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