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    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">Kirk,<br>
      <br>
      Your comment contains one incorrect statement:
      <blockquote type="cite"><font face="Arial" size="2">The stove
          which gets more transfer of the heat into the pot may cause
          more steam if it cannot turn down to a lower power level
          than the lesser stove, but that means that the two simmering
          temperatures are different.</font></blockquote>
      <font size="2"><font face="Arial">Essentially there is only one
          simmering temperature that is allowed, which is to be never
          more than 6 deg C </font></font>lower than the boiling
      point.   If local boiling point is 100 C, then never less than 94
      C, and probably best to keep the temperature of the water at about
      97 C.   <br>
      <br>
      But even a roaring fire cannot raise the temperature above the
      boiling point.   So the difference in the TEMPERATURE OF THE WATER
      is of little consequence, being about 3 deg C.   And remember that
      <u>the purpose or objective of simmering</u> is to maintain the
      temperature.   The purpose is NOT to minimize the amount of
      evaporated water, which is only a poor reflection of how much fuel
      is used.   <br>
      <br>
      Please also see my next message, that is addressed to Phillip and
      Dean who have exchanged messages recently.<br>
      <br>
      Paul<br>
      <pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">Doc  /  Dr TLUD  /  Prof. Paul S. Anderson, PhD  
Email:  <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu">psanders@ilstu.edu</a>   
Skype: paultlud      Phone: +1-309-452-7072
Website:  <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="http://www.drtlud.com">www.drtlud.com</a></pre>
      On 2/15/2015 6:41 PM, kgharris wrote:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote cite="mid:2FD178EF9CDE4E7384A9EF4DA4BF8B8F@phyllisPC"
      type="cite">
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      <div><font face="Arial" size="2">All,</font></div>
      <div> </div>
      <div><font face="Arial" size="2">I am not understanding why the
          WBT is invalid if the simmer temperature is held the same for
          all stoves.  The stove which gets more transfer of the heat
          into the pot may cause more steam if it cannot turn down to
          a lower power level than the lesser stove, but that means that
          the two simmering temperatures are different.  Dean is talking
          about the test simmering temperature being the same for all
          stoves.  The stove that gets more heat transfer into the pot
          will need more turn-down than the lesser stove in order to
          simmer at the pre-choosen test temperature.  That is the whole
          reason for improving the heat transfer into the food.  To be
          able to use lower power levels, less fuel, and fewer
          emmissions to cook with.  The two capabilities need to evolve
          together, and both are improvements which can enhance a good
          field usable stove.  Also simplicity of construction and ease
          of use are important qualities which need consideration and
          perhaps some kind of metrics for measurements.</font></div>
      <div> </div>
      <div><font face="Arial" size="2">Kirk Harris</font></div>
      <div><font face="Arial" size="2">Santa Rosa, CA. USA</font></div>
      <div> </div>
      <div> </div>
      <div>----- Original Message ----- </div>
      <blockquote style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 2px solid; PADDING-LEFT:
        5px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px"
        dir="ltr">
        <div style="FONT: 10pt arial; BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; font-color:
          black"><b>From:</b> <a moz-do-not-send="true"
            title="deankstill@gmail.com"
            href="mailto:deankstill@gmail.com">Dean Still</a> </div>
        <div style="FONT: 10pt arial"><b>To:</b> <a
            moz-do-not-send="true"
            title="stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org"
            href="mailto:stoves@lists.bioenergylists.org">Discussion of
            biomass cooking stoves</a> </div>
        <div style="FONT: 10pt arial"><b>Sent:</b> Sunday, February 15,
          2015 1:35 PM</div>
        <div style="FONT: 10pt arial"><b>Subject:</b> Re: [Stoves]
          Examples of results of simmer efficiency Re: [Ethos]
          Additional presentations at ETHOS 2015</div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div dir="ltr">Dear Philip,
          <div><br>
          </div>
          <div>The Low Power test works well when the fuel use is
            normalized using a set simmering temperature. </div>
          <div><br>
          </div>
          <div>Sam and I are writing up some characteristics of the WBT
            and I'll post the paper here. Lots of work to do and I look
            forward to our continued collaboration.</div>
          <div><br>
          </div>
          <div>Best,</div>
          <div><br>
          </div>
          <div>Dean</div>
        </div>
        <div class="gmail_extra"><br>
          <div class="gmail_quote">On Sun, Feb 15, 2015 at 11:43 AM,
            Philip Lloyd <span dir="ltr"><<a moz-do-not-send="true"
                href="mailto:plloyd@mweb.co.za" target="_blank">plloyd@mweb.co.za</a>></span>
            wrote:<br>
            <blockquote style="BORDER-LEFT: #ccc 1px solid; MARGIN: 0px
              0px 0px 0.8ex; PADDING-LEFT: 1ex" class="gmail_quote">
              <div vlink="purple" link="blue" lang="EN-US">
                <div>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:
                      'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE:
                      11pt">Dear Dean</span></p>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:
                      'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE:
                      11pt"></span> </p>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:
                      'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE:
                      11pt">Crispin said it well:<br>
                      “</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY:
                      'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d">The three
                      low power metr</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY:
                      'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d">ics are
                      invalid. The variables selected are
                      inappropriately chosen. The calculated results are
                      misleading and contrary to any claim [that] they
                      provide guidance for product development or
                      selection. We have to move on.” </span></p>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:
                      'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d"></span> </p>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:
                      'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d">I have
                      looked at the simmering metrics in WBT 4.3.2 and
                      can only concur.  That is why I do not think we
                      should waste much more time arguing about them –
                      they are fundamentally wrong. Yes, stove designers
                      need to be concerned with simmering and turndown;
                      no, the WBT simmering metrics do not provide them
                      with guidance, and can be positively misleading,
                      which is worse.</span></p>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:
                      'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d"></span> </p>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:
                      'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d">Kind
                      regards</span></p>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:
                      'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d"></span> </p>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:
                      'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d">Philip
                      Lloyd</span></p>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:
                      'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE:
                      11pt"></span> </p>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:
                      'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE:
                      11pt"></span> </p>
                  <div style="BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT:
                    medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm;
                    PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #b5c4df 1pt solid;
                    BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 3pt">
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY:
                          'Tahoma','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">From:</span></b><span
                        style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif';
                        FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> Stoves [mailto:<a
                          moz-do-not-send="true"
                          href="mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org"
                          target="_blank">stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>]
                        <b>On Behalf Of </b>Dean Still<br>
                        <b>Sent:</b> 15 February 2015 06:38<br>
                        <b>To:</b> Discussion of biomass cooking stoves<br>
                        <b>Subject:</b> Re: [Stoves] Examples of results
                        of simmer efficiency Re: [Ethos] Additional
                        presentations at ETHOS 2015</span></p>
                  </div>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                  <div>
                    <p class="MsoNormal">Dear Prof Loyd,</p>
                    <div>
                      <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                    </div>
                    <div>
                      <p class="MsoNormal">As I pointed out, when the
                        stoves do the same work (hold the water at 97 C,
                        for example) the stove with greater heat
                        transfer efficiency scores better. Simmering
                        tests are important and simmering is an
                        important part of cooking.</p>
                    </div>
                    <div>
                      <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                    </div>
                    <div>
                      <p class="MsoNormal">The ISO process is creating
                        new history and approaches to old problems.
                        Whatever emerges will certainly be defensible as
                        the new approaches are forged by consensus.</p>
                    </div>
                    <div>
                      <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                    </div>
                    <div>
                      <p class="MsoNormal">Best,</p>
                    </div>
                    <div>
                      <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                    </div>
                    <div>
                      <p class="MsoNormal">Dean</p>
                      <div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">On Sun, Feb 15, 2015 at
                            12:58 AM, Philip Lloyd <<a
                              moz-do-not-send="true"
                              href="mailto:plloyd@mweb.co.za"
                              target="_blank">plloyd@mweb.co.za</a>>
                            wrote:</p>
                          <div>
                            <div>
                              <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                  style="FONT-FAMILY:
                                  'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR:
                                  #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">I am
                                  concerned that this is turning into a
                                  very fruitless discussion.</span></p>
                              <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                  style="FONT-FAMILY:
                                  'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR:
                                  #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt"></span> </p>
                              <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                  style="FONT-FAMILY:
                                  'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR:
                                  #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">On
                                  fundamental grounds the simmering test
                                  does not provide anything meaningful. 
                                  Crispin has demonstrated that
                                  rigorously, and others have pointed
                                  out that the test can score an
                                  efficient stove poorly and an
                                  inefficient stove well, so it does not
                                  provide any useful measure.  To go on
                                  defending the indefensible does not
                                  make sense, even if it did accentuate
                                  the need for turndown – but that need
                                  was always there, it was not the
                                  product of the WBT.</span></p>
                              <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                  style="FONT-FAMILY:
                                  'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR:
                                  #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt"></span> </p>
                              <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                  style="FONT-FAMILY:
                                  'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR:
                                  #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">We need
                                  defensible measures of stove
                                  performance.  Can we please turn our
                                  attention to developing those, and
                                  leave the indefensible to history?</span></p>
                              <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                  style="FONT-FAMILY:
                                  'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR:
                                  #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt"></span> </p>
                              <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                  style="FONT-FAMILY:
                                  'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d;
                                  FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Prof Philip Lloyd</span></p>
                              <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                  style="FONT-FAMILY:
                                  'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d;
                                  FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Energy Institute</span></p>
                              <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                  style="FONT-FAMILY:
                                  'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d;
                                  FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Cape Peninsula
                                  University of Technology</span></p>
                              <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                  style="FONT-FAMILY:
                                  'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d;
                                  FONT-SIZE: 10pt">PO Box 652, Cape Town
                                  8000</span></p>
                              <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                  style="FONT-FAMILY:
                                  'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d;
                                  FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><a
                                    moz-do-not-send="true"
                                    href="Tel:021" target="_blank">Tel:021</a>
                                  460 4216</span></p>
                              <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                  style="FONT-FAMILY:
                                  'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d;
                                  FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Fax:021 460 3828</span></p>
                              <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                  style="FONT-FAMILY:
                                  'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d;
                                  FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Cell: 083 441 5247</span></p>
                              <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                  style="FONT-FAMILY:
                                  'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR:
                                  #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt"></span> </p>
                              <div>
                                <div style="BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none;
                                  BORDER-LEFT: medium none;
                                  PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT:
                                  0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP:
                                  #b5c4df 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT:
                                  medium none; PADDING-TOP: 3pt">
                                  <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
                                        style="FONT-FAMILY:
                                        'Tahoma','sans-serif';
                                        FONT-SIZE: 10pt">From:</span></b><span
                                      style="FONT-FAMILY:
                                      'Tahoma','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE:
                                      10pt"> Stoves [mailto:<a
                                        moz-do-not-send="true"
                                        href="mailto:stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org"
                                        target="_blank">stoves-bounces@lists.bioenergylists.org</a>]
                                      <b>On Behalf Of </b>Paul Anderson<br>
                                      <b>Sent:</b> 15 February 2015
                                      02:26<br>
                                      <b>To:</b> Discussion of biomass
                                      cooking stoves<br>
                                      <b>Subject:</b> Re: [Stoves]
                                      Examples of results of simmer
                                      efficiency Re: [Ethos] Additional
                                      presentations at ETHOS 2015</span></p>
                                </div>
                              </div>
                              <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                              <div>
                                <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 12pt"
                                  class="MsoNormal">Dear Dean,    my
                                  reply is below:</p>
                                <pre>Doc  /  Dr TLUD  /  Prof. Paul S. Anderson, PhD  </pre>
                                <pre>Email:  <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu" target="_blank">psanders@ilstu.edu</a>   </pre>
                                <pre>Skype: paultlud      Phone: <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="tel:%2B1-309-452-7072" target="_blank">+1-309-452-7072</a></pre>
                                <pre>Website:  <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://www.drtlud.com" target="_blank">www.drtlud.com</a></pre>
                                <p class="MsoNormal">On 2/14/2015 1:06
                                  PM, Dean Still wrote:</p>
                              </div>
                              <blockquote style="MARGIN-TOP: 5pt;
                                MARGIN-BOTTOM: 5pt">
                                <div>
                                  <p class="MsoNormal">Dear Paul, </p>
                                  <div>
                                    <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                                  </div>
                                  <div>
                                    <p class="MsoNormal">To do well on
                                      the Low Power Specific Consumption
                                      metrics the stove has to have a
                                      good Turn Down Ratio. In other
                                      words, the stove has to have high
                                      power and low power.</p>
                                  </div>
                                </div>
                              </blockquote>
                              <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 12pt"
                                class="MsoNormal">I totally agree with
                                this.   But it is not the whole story of
                                LPSC.   Other factors influence LPSC,
                                especially concerning the measurement of
                                the variables that are used to make the
                                calculation.   These can include the
                                insulation of the pot (incl. skirts),
                                lid on pot, pot characteristics such as
                                size, quantity of water in the pot at
                                the start, and at the finish.</p>
                              <div>
                                <div>
                                  <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                                </div>
                                <div>
                                  <p class="MsoNormal">Specific
                                    Consumption is based on how much
                                    energy was used to create simmered
                                    water. </p>
                                </div>
                              </div>
                              <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 12pt"
                                class="MsoNormal">Simmered water is not
                                created.   It was already hot at the
                                start of the simmer phase of testing.  
                                We are interested in how much energy is
                                used to MAINTAIN the required
                                temperature near boiling, but preferable
                                about 3 degrees C lower than that
                                boiling temperature.   In fact, a
                                super-insulative pot could need barely a
                                flicker of a flame, and therefore even a
                                well turned-down stove could cause the
                                water to boil and evaporate.   </p>
                              <div>
                                <div>
                                  <p class="MsoNormal">If the stove only
                                    operates at high power there is more
                                    steam made and [at the end of
                                    testing] less simmered water
                                    remains....</p>
                                </div>
                              </div>
                              <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 12pt"
                                class="MsoNormal">that is true.   but
                                continue.</p>
                              <div>
                                <div>
                                  <p class="MsoNormal">..... so energy
                                    was used to create less product.</p>
                                </div>
                              </div>
                              <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 12pt"
                                class="MsoNormal">Stove simmering is not
                                creating a product.   It is maintaining
                                a temperature.   The steam that is
                                driven off does not represent loss of
                                "product" which should be understood to
                                be "cooked food" (and not meaning water
                                that can be added to the pot by any
                                attentive cook in a household.)</p>
                              <div>
                                <div>
                                  <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                                </div>
                                <div>
                                  <p class="MsoNormal">I like Specific
                                    Consumption because it forces stove
                                    designers to make stoves that simmer
                                    successfully, not just boil water. </p>
                                </div>
                              </div>
                              <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 12pt"
                                class="MsoNormal">I agree.   But the
                                measurement procedures need to
                                accurately document the ability to have
                                that strong turn-down ratio, without
                                calculations that can yield ambiguous or
                                mis-leading results.</p>
                              <div>
                                <div>
                                  <p class="MsoNormal">For example, new
                                    TLUDs are better stoves because they
                                    have both high power and low power.
                                    In my opinion, the WBT 4.2.3 helped
                                    to create these more successful
                                    TLUDs.</p>
                                </div>
                              </div>
                              <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 12pt"
                                class="MsoNormal">The cause-and-effect
                                relationship is not totally clear.   We
                                have wanted turn-down capabilities in
                                TLUDs for many years.   </p>
                              <div>
                                <div>
                                  <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                                </div>
                                <div>
                                  <p class="MsoNormal">As Sam says, we
                                    are working on a paper showing
                                    characteristics of the WBT 4.2.3 for
                                    the ISO work. Knowing the
                                    characteristics lets folks evolve a
                                    perfect test. </p>
                                </div>
                              </div>
                              <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 12pt"
                                class="MsoNormal">I question the above
                                wording to "evolve a perfect test"
                                (which is a test run, not the test
                                procedures.)   Maybe the statement
                                should be that "knowing the
                                characteristics let's folks operate
                                their stoves in special ways to obtain
                                superior results that are not realistic
                                for average users."  OR "... let's folks
                                'game the metrics' to present
                                'perfected' test-results BASED ON
                                OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES AND NOT ON
                                IMPROVEMENTS TO THE STOVES THEMSELVES."
                                <br>
                                <br>
                                OR it could be that flawed protocols
                                /procedures (such as dividing by the
                                volume of remaining water after
                                simmering) can yield numerical results
                                that are questionable and perhaps
                                disadvantageous to the development of
                                clean cookstoves. </p>
                              <div>
                                <div>
                                  <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                                </div>
                                <div>
                                  <p class="MsoNormal">Sam is doing
                                    great work as he crunches all the
                                    data....</p>
                                </div>
                              </div>
                              <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 12pt"
                                class="MsoNormal">absolutely.   But we
                                are questioning if the numbers are as
                                valid and useful as claimed.</p>
                              <div>
                                <div>
                                  <p class="MsoNormal"> and gives ISO
                                    real numbers to work with in their
                                    discussions.</p>
                                </div>
                              </div>
                              <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 12pt"
                                class="MsoNormal"><br>
                                Concluding statement:   The topic of Low
                                Power Specific Consumption is too
                                important to just brush aside the stated
                                issues.   More "expert testimony" would
                                be useful, including a mathematical
                                analysis of the impact of the parts of
                                the calculations.   <br>
                                <br>
                                Paul<br>
                                <br>
                                <br>
                              </p>
                              <div>
                                <div>
                                  <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                                </div>
                                <div>
                                  <p class="MsoNormal">Best,</p>
                                </div>
                                <div>
                                  <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                                </div>
                                <div>
                                  <p class="MsoNormal">Dean</p>
                                </div>
                              </div>
                              <div>
                                <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                                <div>
                                  <p class="MsoNormal">On Sat, Feb 14,
                                    2015 at 8:18 AM, Paul Anderson <<a
                                      moz-do-not-send="true"
                                      href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu"
                                      target="_blank">psanders@ilstu.edu</a>>
                                    wrote:</p>
                                  <div>
                                    <div>
                                      <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 12pt"
                                        class="MsoNormal">Dear Tom
                                        H.,         and to all who are
                                        interested in proper testing of
                                        stoves.<br>
                                        <br>
                                        Your reply about your
                                        experiences is helpful.   Sounds
                                        like you had qualified testing
                                        center do the testing, in
                                        accordance with the procedures
                                        that Crispin is questioning.  
                                        Please send to me the full
                                        details.   Could be off-list,
                                        but this is sufficiently
                                        important that we will want the
                                        full results known.<br>
                                        <br>
                                        I have a specific case of
                                        official testing of one of my
                                        stoves with unfavorable results
                                        for Low-Heat Efficiency
                                        (simmering).   I will add that
                                        into the list of examples and
                                        provide the details very soon.<br>
                                        <br>
                                        I invite anyone else who has
                                        something to report about
                                        simmering efficiency to also
                                        send details of their
                                        experiences, either favorable or
                                        unfavorable or neutral.  <br>
                                        <br>
                                        The examination of the
                                        questionable methods about
                                        simmer efficiency might take
                                        some days, maybe weeks.   But
                                        not the months or years that
                                        this debate has been
                                        "simmering".   <br>
                                        <br>
                                        Remember:  A testing center that
                                        properly conducts testing using
                                        an endorsed but possibly flawed
                                        procedure is NOT a culprit.  The
                                        culprit is the testing
                                        protocols, <u>IF found to be
                                          faulty.   </u>And we hope
                                        that the testing center people
                                        (employees and leaders) who
                                        understand the technical aspects
                                        of the calculations will be
                                        among those who can help resolve
                                        these serious issues.<br>
                                        <br>
                                        Even those who developed
                                        protocols that are eventually
                                        shown to be faulty are not
                                        culprits.   Mistakes can be
                                        made.    However, the culprits
                                        can include those who advocate a
                                        protocol that he or she knows
                                        (or reasonably suspects) to be
                                        faulty.<br>
                                        <br>
                                        Paul </p>
                                      <pre>Doc  /  Dr TLUD  /  Prof. Paul S. Anderson, PhD  </pre>
                                      <pre>Email:  <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu" target="_blank">psanders@ilstu.edu</a>   </pre>
                                      <pre>Skype: paultlud      Phone: <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="tel:%2B1-309-452-7072" target="_blank">+1-309-452-7072</a></pre>
                                      <pre>Website:  <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://www.drtlud.com" target="_blank">www.drtlud.com</a></pre>
                                      <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                                    </div>
                                  </div>
                                </div>
                              </div>
                              <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                            </div>
                          </div>
                          <p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 12pt"
                            class="MsoNormal"><br>
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            </blockquote>
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</pre>
    </blockquote>
    <br>
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