<div dir="ltr">Serge et al,<div><br></div><div>Two designs directions that may help you, both without electricity:</div><div><br></div><div>1) There are many <b>continuous stair-step grate </b>designs used around the world.</div><div><br></div><div>Google image search "lo trau"</div><div><br></div><div>There are a few variations. A camp-stove style sometimes called the Mayon Turbo stove.</div><div><br></div><div>There is also a "built-in" version. </div><div>Schematic:</div><div><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lo_trau.JPG">http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lo_trau.JPG</a><br></div><div><br></div><div>A picture I took at a restaurant of one:</div><div><a href="https://www.engineeringforchange.org/news/images/March-2012/Vietnam-kiln-3.JPG">https://www.engineeringforchange.org/news/images/March-2012/Vietnam-kiln-3.JPG</a><br></div><div><br></div><div>I've seen this used for making rice wine as well. This version had the pot sunk into a hole in the ground. </div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><div>2) I built a <b>batch</b> <b>natural draft rice husk water boiler </b>last year.</div><div><br></div><div>My working prototype was camp sized (about 0.5L). The principle can be scaled up. </div><div><br></div><div>The benefit to this sort of design is to be able to run the boiling task unattended. </div><div><br></div><div>Here's the concept schematic:</div><div><a href="http://ricehusk.cc/goodboiler/day10">http://ricehusk.cc/goodboiler/day10</a><br></div><div><br></div><div>I haven't had time to finish doing the design documentation. I put the project aside because I wanted to do further design development in partnership with a real community. </div></div><div><br></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br clear="all"><div><div class="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr">Marc Paré</div></div></div></div></div>
<br><div class="gmail_quote">On Sat, Feb 21, 2015 at 7:29 AM, Crispin Pemberton-Pigott <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:crispinpigott@outlook.com" target="_blank">crispinpigott@outlook.com</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-style:solid;padding-left:1ex"><div style="line-height:initial;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><div style="width:100%;font-size:initial;font-family:Calibri,'Slate Pro',sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125);text-align:initial;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">Dear Serge</div><div style="width:100%;font-size:initial;font-family:Calibri,'Slate Pro',sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125);text-align:initial;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><br></div><div style="width:100%;font-size:initial;font-family:Calibri,'Slate Pro',sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125);text-align:initial;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">You can use a chimney instead if a fan and particularly when the operation is using a constant power level it can be optimised most easily. </div><div style="width:100%;font-size:initial;font-family:Calibri,'Slate Pro',sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125);text-align:initial;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><br></div><div style="width:100%;font-size:initial;font-family:Calibri,'Slate Pro',sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125);text-align:initial;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">It is likely that you will be best served by using a continuous gasifier with a small step grate rather than a batch process pyrolysis. It will use much less fuel and can be operated for as long as you like. </div><div style="width:100%;font-size:initial;font-family:Calibri,'Slate Pro',sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125);text-align:initial;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><br></div><div style="width:100%;font-size:initial;font-family:Calibri,'Slate Pro',sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125);text-align:initial;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">Regards </div><span class=""><font color="#888888"><div style="width:100%;font-size:initial;font-family:Calibri,'Slate Pro',sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125);text-align:initial;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">Crispin </div></font></span><div><div class="h5"><div style="width:100%;font-size:initial;font-family:Calibri,'Slate Pro',sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125);text-align:initial;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><br></div><div style="width:100%;font-size:initial;font-family:Calibri,'Slate Pro',sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125);text-align:initial;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><br><br><span style="line-height:initial">Dear Mr. Anderson, Guinto and other insiders,</span></div><div><div>
<br>
Thank you very much for your reply.<br>
This section relates to Mr. Anderson's message, in the next section I<br>
have some questions and answers for Mr. Guinto.<br>
<br>
I 'm subscribed to the Stoves Listserv. So I will from now on only<br>
send mail to the Stoves Listserv.<br>
We are making progress.<br>
<br>
1) We will want to make sure that the parboiler people retain<br>
ownership of the rice husks. Husks are now probably being thrown<br>
away. But if the husks have some value, ownership can become an<br>
issue. At least the amount of husks for the parboiling operations.<br>
Any surplus husks might be marketed by the miller if and when there<br>
are other rice-husk gasifier stoves in the area.<br>
<br>
I am aware that ownership of rice husk might become an issue if the<br>
stove becomes a success in Benin but that is hard to predict. ThoughI<br>
think at this moment this should not be considered yet because my job<br>
right now is to examine the possibilities to banish the use of<br>
firewood in the parboiling process in Benin. So at this stage the use<br>
of a rice husk gasifier is just an attractive option. It seemed to<br>
me that the stoves are proven technology for preparing meals. Since<br>
the parboiling of rice has some similarities with the preparation of<br>
food, I wanted to know more about the stoves. To me the most<br>
important differences seem to be the 'scale' of the stove like the<br>
diameter of the gasifier stove<br>
reactor and the size of the unit containing the rice husk. That is<br>
why I subscribed to the Stoves Listserv to meet the experts.<br>
<br>
2) You showed that supply of metal is available. Now we need to<br>
determine if there are appropriate metal working shops or craftsmen.<br>
It will be best when we have a unit that can be seen and copied in<br>
Benin. Please tell me if VECO would take on the initial efforts to<br>
put together the "package" that includes getting the equipment,<br>
initial experimentation (so that there is an "expert" in the<br>
organization), demonstrations, support for initial users, and record<br>
keeping with feedback to everyone involved. And is the key person<br>
you?<br>
<br>
At this stage it is not my intention to mobilize the means to to put<br>
together the "package". Currently I am making a report about the<br>
possibilities to banish firewood in the parboiling process in Benin.<br>
The rice husk gasifiers might be a topic in my report. We will<br>
consider the different possibilities to banish firewood in the<br>
parboiling process and their feasibility in Benin and rice husk<br>
gasifiers seem to be one possibility amongst others. Only if the<br>
rice husk gasifier seems to be the best option and are retained to<br>
give it a try, we might consider to put together a "package".<br>
<br>
3) We will probably be wanting to have initial units come from Hua<br>
community in Vietnam. We await comments from Dylan M. and Olivier K.<br>
<br>
I am really looking forward to their comments.<br>
<br>
4) The weather is so cold here in Illinois, USA, that I am not doing<br>
any experiments of my own right now.<br>
<br>
It is very kind of you to consider doing some experiments.<br>
<br>
5) We have not yet had a reply from someone with the calculations that<br>
were previously discussed. We will get that done eventually.<br>
<br>
6) You need to give thought to the power supply for the fan that is<br>
needed in each of the RH gasifiers. We usually utilize 12 volt DC<br>
power and fans. Barely a few watts are needed for the duration of<br>
the gasification.<br>
<br>
It seems to me we might start with similar ones if RH are retained as<br>
a solution to banish firewood in the parboiling process in Benin.<br>
<br>
This section relates to Mr. Guinto's message,<br>
<br>
My idea to combined the best features of five technological fronts for<br>
the need of Serge in parboiling:<br>
<br>
1. Stability and Safety. The video portrays a huge metal pots (25<br>
liters i suppose) and needs a stable base as the cook work in the rice<br>
and steam with the hot pot. The In Stove has this feature.<br>
<br>
Could you provide more information about the ”In Stove”? Is it proven<br>
technology? Could it be easily extended to be used in th eparboiling<br>
process as I described earlier?<br>
<br>
2. Ease in Loading/Unloading: The challenge is how to bring the<br>
volatile gases down close to the ground so the stove and the big pot<br>
may sit at the comfortable reach of the cook. The height of the stove<br>
and the pot matters as the cook will be pouring rice, hauling them,<br>
setting the steamer and so on. Prof Alexis Belonio developed the rice<br>
husk gasifier stoves with the burners low on the ground.<br>
<br>
Tthe 'cook' doesn't have to pour. The cauldron and the paddy holding<br>
vat are a closed system to keep the steam inside.<br>
<br>
3. Time of Cooking: Parboiling takes several hours of different<br>
intensities and duration.Joe James is pushing up ahead with his JJQuad<br>
Stove and have great improvements in terms of extending the burn time<br>
of the rice husk load. Going further Engr. Alexis Belonio has a rice<br>
husk gasifier that can run in a continuous mode.<br>
<br>
In Benin, the parboiling process takes about one hour using firewood.<br>
If it would take hours the gasifier is no longer an interesting option<br>
because after parboiling we should be able to dry the parboiled paddy<br>
in the sun as long as possible.<br>
<br>
4. Mitigating Health Risks of the Nano Particles of Silica in Burning<br>
Rice Husks: Should we be concerned with sillicosis ? (respiratory<br>
ailment caused by the accumulation of silica in the lungs).<br>
<br>
The parboiling is done in open air, but a chimney might solve this<br>
<br>
5. Reducing the Cost and Extending the Usable Life of the Stove. At<br>
this moment, i am discovering the methods and techniques on how to<br>
make gasifiers in terra cotta equivalents. I have now fire bricks of<br>
different shapes which can be stacked like a Lego piece to form any<br>
structure. Following the recipe of low thermal mass clay, the fire<br>
bricks float in water !! Thanks to Jon and Flip Anderson and Dr. Larry<br>
for the coaching. And then, when stacked together, they would form<br>
into a gasifier stove that runs in TLUD mode. Tests are ongoing with<br>
rice husks, pine needles, saw dust, coco shells, canarium shells. Test<br>
last night with one kilogram of rice husk with a computer fan set at<br>
4.5 volts boiled 5 liters of water in 19 minutes 10 seconds. My thanks<br>
also goes to Dr. TLUD for the lessons during the Stove Camp 2014 in<br>
Aprovecho.<br>
<br>
If possible, I would like to consider proven technology which might be<br>
extended to be useful in parboiling by for instance rescaling the<br>
device and other adaptations.<br>
6. Is pottery a tradition in Serge's place in Benin?<br>
<br>
Yes. In Benin here are even traditional stoves made of clay.<br>
<br>
7. Do you live in the Netherlands? Next month I will be in Belgium,<br>
a neighbor of the Netherlands.<br>
<br>
Kindest regards,<br>
<br>
Serge<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
2015-02-21 1:56 GMT+01:00, Joshua Guinto <<a href="mailto:jed.building.bridges@gmail.com" target="_blank">jed.building.bridges@gmail.com</a>>:<br>
> You're most welcome, Frank<br>
><br>
><br>
><br>
> *Joshua B. Guinto*Specialist, Appropriate Technology<br>
> MSc Management of AgroEcological Knowledge and Social Change (MAKS)<br>
> Wageningen University, The Netherlands<br>
><br>
><br>
> 2015-02-21 8:24 GMT+08:00 Frank Shields <<a href="mailto:franke@cruzio.com" target="_blank">franke@cruzio.com</a>>:<br>
><br>
>> Dear Joshua<br>
>><br>
>> A very enjoyable video on parboiling rice. Well done and I learned a lot.<br>
>><br>
>> Thanks<br>
>><br>
>> Frank Shields<br>
>> <a href="mailto:franke@cruzio.com" target="_blank">franke@cruzio.com</a><br>
>><br>
>><br>
>> On Feb 20, 2015, at 11:34 AM, <a href="mailto:jed.building.bridges@gmail.com" target="_blank">jed.building.bridges@gmail.com</a> wrote:<br>
>><br>
>> (The images in Joshua's original email were too large to go to the list.<br>
>> Attached are smaller copies of those files. - Erin R. <a href="mailto:erin@trmiles.com" target="_blank">erin@trmiles.com</a> )<br>
>><br>
>> *From:* Joshua Guinto [<a></a>mailto:<a href="mailto:jed.building.bridges@gmail.com" target="_blank">jed.building.bridges@gmail.com</a><br>
>> <<a href="mailto:jed.building.bridges@gmail.com" target="_blank">jed.building.bridges@gmail.com</a>>]<br>
>> *Sent:* Friday, February 20, 2015 2:25 AM<br>
>> *To:* Discussion of biomass cooking stoves<br>
>> *Subject:* Re: [Stoves] A continuous feed rice husk gasifier for<br>
>> parboiling 40 kg of rice?<br>
>><br>
>><br>
>> Dear Dr. Paul and Joe and Serge and everyone (sorry, i clicked the send<br>
>> icon before finishing the whole email.... )<br>
>><br>
>> Greetings!<br>
>> This is also very interesting for me. As you know i was all the while<br>
>> tinkering with the terra cotta equivalents of the gasifier stoves. And i<br>
>> just have one on the making. For the lack of better name i call it the<br>
>> Brick Stove Carbonizer.<br>
>><br>
>><br>
>> Last night, i found a video in the you tube and it helped greatly to<br>
>> understand parboiling as this is the first time for me to learn about it.<br>
>><br>
>> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bNUlsnIO_1A" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bNUlsnIO_1A</a><br>
>><br>
>> My idea to combined the best features of five technological fronts for<br>
>> the<br>
>> need of Serge in parboiling:<br>
>><br>
>> 1. *Stability and Safety*. The video portrays a huge metal pots (25<br>
>> liters i suppose) and needs a stable base as the cook work in the rice<br>
>> and<br>
>> steam with the hot pot. The In Stove has this feature.<br>
>><br>
>> 2. *Ease in Loading/Unloading*: The challenge is how to bring the<br>
>> volatile gases down close to the ground so the stove and the big pot may<br>
>> sit at the comfortable reach of the cook. The height of the stove and the<br>
>> pot matters as the cook will be pouring rice, hauling them, setting the<br>
>> steamer and so on. Prof Alexis Belonio developed the rice husk gasifier<br>
>> stoves with the burners low on the ground.<br>
>><br>
>> 3.* Time of Cooking*: Parboiling takes several hours of different<br>
>> intensities and duration.Joe James is pushing up ahead with his JJQuad<br>
>> Stove and have great improvements in terms of extending the burn time of<br>
>> the rice husk load. Going further Engr. Alexis Belonio has a rice husk<br>
>> gasifier that can run in a continuous mode.<br>
>> 4. *Mitigating Health Risks *of the Nano Particles of Silica in Burning<br>
>> Rice Husks: Should we be concerned with sillicosis ? (respiratory ailment<br>
>> caused by the accumulation of silica in the lungs).<br>
>><br>
>> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicosis" target="_blank">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicosis</a><br>
>><br>
>> Mr. Neil Lumanlan, a professor of microbiology in the Philippines raised<br>
>> this issue more than once..<br>
>><br>
>> <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3606399/" target="_blank">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3606399/</a><br>
>><br>
>> <a href="http://www.nature.com/srep/2013/130529/srep01919/full/srep01919.html" target="_blank">http://www.nature.com/srep/2013/130529/srep01919/full/srep01919.html</a><br>
>><br>
>><br>
>> A chimney for this is best portrayed by the In Stove or is it enough when<br>
>> handling rice husks?<br>
>><br>
>><br>
>> *5. Reducing the Cost and Extending the Usable Life of the Stove. *At<br>
>> this moment, i am discovering the methods and techniques on how to make<br>
>> gasifiers in terra cotta equivalents. I have now fire bricks of different<br>
>> shapes which can be stacked like a Lego piece to form any structure.<br>
>> Following the recipe of low thermal mass clay, the *fire bricks float in<br>
>> water* !! Thanks to Jon and Flip Anderson and Dr. Larry for the coaching.<br>
>> And then, when stacked together, they would form into a gasifier stove<br>
>> that runs in TLUD mode. Tests are ongoing with rice husks, pine needles,<br>
>> saw dust, coco shells, *canarium *shells. Test last night with *one<br>
>> kilogram of rice husk with a computer fan set at 4.5 volts boiled 5<br>
>> liters<br>
>> of water in 19 minutes 10 seconds*. My thanks also goes to Dr. TLUD for<br>
>> the lessons during the Stove Camp 2014 in Aprovecho.<br>
>><br>
>> With the gasifier built from terra cotta, the cost of the entire stove<br>
>> can<br>
>> drop to a minimum and can be built into almost any shape. It may also be<br>
>> combined with metal. to undertake the components such as the pot rest,<br>
>> the<br>
>> gas pipes, the burner and so on.<br>
>><br>
>> I also believe that brick pieces can be made to create the terra cotta<br>
>> equivalent of the In Stove as well as the continuous rice husk gasifier<br>
>> of<br>
>> Engr Belonio and then fitted with a chimney and a fan.<br>
>> Is pottery a tradition in Serge's place in Benin?<br>
>><br>
>><br>
>> As there are yet so many things unknown with this prototype, please allow<br>
>> me to tinker with it further and make my *mistakes on my safe space *with<br>
>> the help of small circle of friends*.* I will surely let everyone know<br>
>> the progress very soon.<br>
>><br>
>> Best wishes<br>
>> Jed Guinto<br>
>><br>
>><br>
>> *Joshua B. Guinto*Specialist, Appropriate Technology<br>
>> MSc Management of AgroEcological Knowledge and Social Change (MAKS)<br>
>><br>
>> Wageningen University, The Netherlands<br>
>><br>
>><br>
>> *Joshua B. Guinto*Specialist, Appropriate Technology<br>
>> MSc Management of AgroEcological Knowledge and Social Change (MAKS)<br>
>><br>
>> Wageningen University, The Netherlands<br>
>><br>
>> 2015-02-20 3:10 GMT+08:00 Paul Anderson <<a href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu" target="_blank">psanders@ilstu.edu</a>>:<br>
>><br>
>> Dear Serge and Abraham,<br>
>><br>
>> I am not sure in what country Abraham lives. Please tell us. It is<br>
>> interesting that two messages about parboiling of rice arrived so close<br>
>> together in time.<br>
>><br>
>> The rest of this message relates to Serge's message:<br>
>><br>
>> 1. Please confirm the following:<br>
>> A. The people who parboil the rice are doing it as a business.<br>
>> B. Do those same people remove the husks from the barboiled rice? If<br>
>> yes, then they have control over their own fuel supply, which is good.<br>
>><br>
>> C. The rice must reach a temperature of 80 deg C. But how critical is<br>
>> it that the time to reach that temperature is about 30 minutes? What if<br>
>> it took 45 minutes? or only 20 minutes? Does that have any impact on<br>
>> the<br>
>> rice itself?<br>
>><br>
>> D. How do the people know that it has reached about 80 C? Thermometer?<br>
>> Visual seeing of small bubbles rising? Touch? That does not make any<br>
>> difference. I am just curious.<br>
>><br>
>> E. The steaming of the hot wet rice is the crucial step. We will try<br>
>> for boiling (evaporating away) 6 L of water in one hour. But how<br>
>> sensitive is that time? And if the time needs to be close to one hour,<br>
>> and if the stove is boiling away the water too fast, is it acceptable to<br>
>> have 7 or 8 liters for creation of the steam. In other words, steam (at<br>
>> 100 deg C) needs to pass through the rice. Is the amount of steam (from<br>
>> 6<br>
>> liters of water) the important issue, or is steam for one hour (whether<br>
>> from 6 or 7 or 8 liters) the important issue?<br>
>><br>
>> 2. Joe James (who is receiving this message) has recently worked on a<br>
>> rice husk TLUD gasifier that should be able to accomplish the specified<br>
>> tasks. Joe is an engineer and can crank out some of the numbers. Also<br>
>> some other members of this Stoves Listserv could be of assistance. Here<br>
>> are the questions:<br>
>> How much heat is needed to vaporize 6 L of water?<br>
>> Raise 6000 g of water from about 25 C to 100 C<br>
>> (75 degree change x _______ Joules per gram x 6000 = ___________)<br>
>> Then add in the latent heat needed for vaporizing the 6000 g.<br>
>><br>
>> Divide that total amount of heat by 60 minutes.<br>
>><br>
>> Determine how much rice husk is needed to get the needed heat (allow for<br>
>> efficiency of heat transfer to be as low as 30%.)<br>
>><br>
>> This not my specialty, but I know it all can be calculated. Also to<br>
>> calculate the heat needed to bring the pot to 80 deg C in the first phase<br>
>> of the processing. A little assistance would be appreciated.<br>
>><br>
>> Then we see how much heat Joe's unit (called JJQuad TLUD) can put out.<br>
>> The unit can be made larger or smaller, and having 2 units might be the<br>
>> better option. Or we increase the air flow (via the fan) to get faster<br>
>> pyrolysis, and maybe we need to have a refill of fuel into the batch<br>
>> gasifier. This does not take long to refill and reignite.<br>
>><br>
>> 3. Subject to actually making things happen, in my opinion the best<br>
>> "evident" option is to have a rice husk gasifier provide the heat by<br>
>> using<br>
>> the husks from the rice as fuel for the parboiling businesses are<br>
>> creating.<br>
>><br>
>> 4. The production of at JJQuad TLUD is being examined in Vietnam at this<br>
>> time. We are assisted with this by Dylan Maxwell and Olivier Kolmel,<br>
>> who<br>
>> are also receiving this message. There are issues being examined about<br>
>> fans and controls and metal quality and production. This is not a quick<br>
>> solution, but it is quite viable, in my opinion.<br>
>><br>
>> 5. Serge, I would like to know about the number of parboiled-rice<br>
>> producers you are considering could need such a solution. Also, please<br>
>> tell us about metal working (thin sheet metal) capabilities in Benin, and<br>
>> accessible. Also, I would appreciate information about you and your<br>
>> involvement and situation (with an NGO?).<br>
>><br>
>> It might be time for this conversation to not be on the Stove Listserv,<br>
>> or<br>
>> after any replies by Joe or Dylan and Olivier. Any readers who have<br>
>> continuing interest should probably tell me and Serge so that we can keep<br>
>> you informed.<br>
>><br>
>> Paul<br>
>><br>
>> Doc / Dr TLUD / Prof. Paul S. Anderson, PhD<br>
>> Email: <a href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu" target="_blank">psanders@ilstu.edu</a><br>
>> Skype: paultlud Phone: <a href="tel:%2B1-309-452-7072" value="+13094527072" target="_blank">+1-309-452-7072</a><br>
>> Website: <a href="http://www.drtlud.com" target="_blank">www.drtlud.com</a><br>
>> On 2/19/2015 5:21 AM, Serge Horsmans wrote:<br>
>> Dear Paul and ,<br>
>><br>
>> Thank you very much for your quick response. Please find the answers<br>
>> to the questions asked.<br>
>><br>
>> 1. How important is it to convert to using the rice husks as fuel for<br>
>> the parboiling process? I believe that use of the rice husk as fuel<br>
>> is NOT the priority. As Serge and Abraham have stated, the main<br>
>> concern is to reduce the use of large amounts of wood. Appropriately<br>
>> sized TLUD gasifiers with wood fuel (or Rocket burners of sticks)<br>
>> could accomplish the task of reducing the amount of wood being burned.<br>
>> This would be with natural draft.<br>
>><br>
>> At this moment I have to list the possibilities of not using firewood<br>
>> in the parboiling process. The use of a rice husk gasifier seems to<br>
>> me one of those possibilities. So I would like to continue with rice<br>
>> husk, as it is easily available. So at this moment I would like to<br>
>> answer the question, “Is somebody using a rice husk gasifier that that<br>
>> can heat water to a temperature of about 80°C in about 30 min.? And<br>
>> can the same stove be used to boil away 6 l. of water In about 1 h.?”.<br>
>> If there is such a stove I would like to know and I will added to my<br>
>> list. Next we might want to test that one first.<br>
>><br>
>> 2. IF rice husks are to be used with a TLUD gasfier, it would<br>
>> required Force Air (or Fan Assistance) (FA), and that would require a<br>
>> small amount of electricity. With the parboiling being done in the<br>
>> daytime, a solar cell could be used, even without a battery. What<br>
>> are the availabilities of small electrical power in the locations of<br>
>> either Abraham's or Serge's operations?<br>
>><br>
>> I was aware that fan assistance would be needed. We do have the<br>
>> possibility to provide the required electricity.<br>
>><br>
>> 3. Please comment on the frequency of doing the parboiling task.<br>
>> Abraham, is your operation run every day? Frequency of use can<br>
>> impact favorably the ability of maintain equipment such as a fan unit<br>
>> or battery / solar package.<br>
>><br>
>> Maintenance will not be a problem.<br>
>><br>
>> 4. For the 25 L quantities described by Serge, there is really no<br>
>> need to have a continuous operating gasifier. Either the unit could<br>
>> be large enough for the stated durations of usage (30 minutes to raise<br>
>> to 80 C; and one hour for the steaming). To boil away (evaporate) 6<br>
>> L of water in one hour can be accomplished; but some attention should<br>
>> be paid to the configuration under the pot, such as possibly having a<br>
>> pot-skirt or other ways to improve heat retention and heat transfer.<br>
>> This is NOT a situation requiring a good turn down ratio to obtain Low<br>
>> Power cooking.<br>
>><br>
>> We will use the configuration you can see on the pictures where the<br>
>> rice is steamed or use a pot skirt. We might not need a continuous<br>
>> operating gasifier but as the operations will be performed outdoor,<br>
>> wind or other environmental factors might slow down the heating,<br>
>> requiring more fuel. What ever type we will use, we need to make sure<br>
>> that the parboiling can be finished. The aim of our study is to<br>
>> improve the livelihood of the rice parboilers in Benin. If the<br>
>> parboiling process cannot be finished, the paddy might get spoiled and<br>
>> they will not have an income, they will loose the money they used to<br>
>> buy the paddy instead. That should be avoided. So if we go on with<br>
>> batch gasifiers, we might have to oversize the unit.<br>
>><br>
>> 5. As we close in on the topic, we need to discuss who will lead the<br>
>> efforts (management) to accomplish the tasks, and who will pay for the<br>
>> expenses (finances). Strong communications via email are quite<br>
>> important. Skype is useful. Access to some sheet-metal workers is<br>
>> important for the fabrication of the TLUDs. The cost of materials<br>
>> should not be very high, but the issues and costs of management and<br>
>> labor can be easy or difficult, depending on the circumstances.<br>
>><br>
>> It is going very fast now and I 'm very happy with your enthusiasm !<br>
>> But as you can read in the answer on your first question, right now I<br>
>> am listing the possibilities of not using firewood in the parboiling<br>
>> process. So my first question is, can we banish firewood using those<br>
>> stoves? Or more in detail, I want to know “Is there an existing rice<br>
>> husk gasifier that that can heat water to a temperature of about 80°C<br>
>> in about 30 min.? And can the same stove be used to boil away 6 l. of<br>
>> water In about 1 h.?”. If there is not such a stove, we will have<br>
>> to compare the different possibilities to banish firewood in the<br>
>> parboiling of rice in Benin. The rice husk gasifiers will be an<br>
>> option. Next we might consider to design one ourselves and your help<br>
>> will be really appreciated. As we have experience in Benin with<br>
>> dissemination of new technologies, we might start to built them and<br>
>> provide them. But we are not that far yet.<br>
>><br>
>> 6. Are Serge and Abraham close together, and working together? If<br>
>> not, each should describe their specific situations. Please send us<br>
>> your views of possible plans for moving forward.<br>
>><br>
>> I would like to know more about Abraham and his project. As<br>
>> mentioned we are in Benin and at the moment I live in Savalou,<br>
>> department Les Collines. For my view, please read my answer on<br>
>> question 5. I like to know more about your views.<br>
>><br>
>> Thank you very much!<br>
>><br>
>> Kind regards,<br>
>><br>
>> Serge<br>
>><br>
>> 2015-02-18 19:30 GMT+01:00, Paul Anderson <<a href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu" target="_blank">psanders@ilstu.edu</a>>:<br>
>> Dear Serge and Abraham,<br>
>><br>
>> The photos from Serge are very helpful. Photos from Abraham will show<br>
>> the larger system that they use.<br>
>><br>
>> There are a few questions and issues.<br>
>><br>
>> 1. How important is it to convert to using the rice husks as fuel for<br>
>> the parboiling process? I believe that use of the rice husk as fuel is<br>
>> NOT the priority. As Serge and Abraham have stated, the main concern<br>
>> is to reduce the use of large amounts of wood. Appropriately sized TLUD<br>
>> gasifiers with wood fuel (or Rocket burners of sticks) could accomplish<br>
>> the task of reducing the amount of wood being burned. This would be<br>
>> with natural draft.<br>
>><br>
>> 2. _IF _rice husks are to be used with a TLUD gasfier, it would required<br>
>> Force Air (or Fan Assistance) (FA), and that would require a small<br>
>> amount of electricity. With the parboiling being done in the daytime,<br>
>> a solar cell could be used, even without a battery. What are the<br>
>> availabilities of small electrical power in the locations of either<br>
>> Abraham's or Serge's operations?<br>
>><br>
>> 3. Please comment on the frequency of doing the parboiling task.<br>
>> Abraham, is your operation run every day? Frequency of use can impact<br>
>> favorably the ability of maintain equipment such as a fan unit or<br>
>> battery / solar package.<br>
>><br>
>> 4. For the 25 L quantities described by Serge, there is really no need<br>
>> to have a continuous operating gasifier. Either the unit could be<br>
>> large enough for the stated durations of usage (30 minutes to raise to<br>
>> 80 C; and one hour for the steaming). To boil away (evaporate) 6 L of<br>
>> water in one hour can be accomplished; but some attention should be paid<br>
>> to the configuration under the pot, such as possibly having a pot-skirt<br>
>> or other ways to improve heat retention and heat transfer. This is NOT<br>
>> a situation requiring a good turn down ratio to obtain Low Power cooking.<br>
>><br>
>> 5. As we close in on the topic, we need to discuss who will lead the<br>
>> efforts (management) to accomplish the tasks, and who will pay for the<br>
>> expenses (finances). Strong communications via email are quite<br>
>> important. Skype is useful. Access to some sheet-metal workers is<br>
>> important for the fabrication of the TLUDs. The cost of materials<br>
>> should not be very high, but the issues and costs of management and<br>
>> labor can be easy or difficult, depending on the circumstances.<br>
>><br>
>> 6. Are Serge and Abraham close together, and working together? If not,<br>
>> each should describe their specific situations. Please send us your<br>
>> views of possible plans for moving forward.<br>
>><br>
>><br>
>> Dr TLUD<br>
>><br>
>> Doc / Dr TLUD / Prof. Paul S. Anderson, PhD<br>
>> Email: <a href="mailto:psanders@ilstu.edu" target="_blank">psanders@ilstu.edu</a><br>
>> Skype: paultlud Phone: <a href="tel:%2B1-309-452-7072" value="+13094527072" target="_blank">+1-309-452-7072</a><br>
>> Website: <a href="http://www.drtlud.com" target="_blank">www.drtlud.com</a><br>
>><br>
>> On 2/18/2015 5:01 AM, Serge Horsmans wrote:<br>
>><br>
>> Dear Paul (and other insiders),<br>
>><br>
>> thank you very much for your attention to my request. Below you will<br>
>> find the questions and the answers. Please ask for more information<br>
>> if needed.<br>
>><br>
>> 1. What heat source(s) are you currently using? Do you have<br>
>> batch-operations of rice husk gasifiers already? What is good and<br>
>> what is bad about them?<br>
>><br>
>> At the moment we are using fire wood as the heat source. We are not<br>
>> using gasifiers and I don't have any experience with them, but it<br>
>> seems to me that continuous flow gasifiers are more appropriate since<br>
>> once the heating of the soak water or the steaming is started, it<br>
>> should not be interrupted by refilling the batch. It is hard to find<br>
>> gasifiers in Africa.<br>
>><br>
>> 2. Is your operation the only one, or could there be other similar<br>
>> businesses that might also want to improve their heat sources?<br>
>><br>
>> I am not too much aware of the other businesses, but it is easy to<br>
>> guess that if it is affordable technology, it will as well be adopted<br>
>> by local restaurants. For one or other reason this technology didn't<br>
>> reach Africa yet.<br>
>> In Benin, it is mainly women that parboil rice. Recently a new<br>
>> device for parboiling has been introduced to improve the quality of<br>
>> the parboiled rice. An educational video, in which rural women<br>
>> explain how to use the improved rice-parboiling technology and its<br>
>> benefits, was<br>
>> developed by AfricaRice in 2005 to promote this technology to<br>
>> end-users. The video-supported training tool has contributed<br>
>> significantly to the<br>
>> diffusion of the technology in Central Benin. This video has been<br>
>> used by many NGOs. It is now the common device in Benin. So the same<br>
>> might be done with the gasifier. All organisations that support those<br>
>> women might adopt the gasifiers as they all want to reduce the use of<br>
>> fire wood.<br>
>><br>
>> 3. I assume that all of the associated structures are in place,<br>
>> functional, and are expected to be part of the new operation.<br>
>> Structures such as the large vessels (pots, trays, cauldrons, etc.)<br>
>> and also the boiler.<br>
>><br>
>> Yes, though I don't know what you mean about the boiler... it is just<br>
>> wood placed below the cauldron .<br>
>> Any heat source that can be used to heat water in a cauldron could be<br>
>> used as the device is basically a cauldron containing about 25 l. of<br>
>> water for soaking the paddy. The same cauldron is afterwards used<br>
>> for steaming the paddy with about 6l. of water ( I will add some<br>
>> pictures). Since firewood and charcoal have always been used and is<br>
>> easily available, they continue to use firewood or charcoal. By<br>
>> introducing the gasifiers we would like to reduce the use of firewood.<br>
>> - Soaking process: heat paddy in 25 l. of water to a temperature of<br>
>> about 80°C, it takes about 30 min. Next let it cool down during the<br>
>> night in the cauldron.<br>
>> - Steaming process: You take a paddy holding vat and a cauldron (a<br>
>> similar cauldron as for the soaking). The paddy holding vat is<br>
>> perforated with holes (maximum diameter 2.5 mm) from its base to about<br>
>> a quarter<br>
>> of the way up its body . The paddy rice is poured into<br>
>> the vat, which is inserted in the cauldron containing 6l. of water.<br>
>> The water level in<br>
>> the cauldron is such that it does not reach the bottom of the paddy<br>
>> holding vat. The improved<br>
>> method prevents water in the cauldron from getting into the paddy,<br>
>> only the steam<br>
>> generated from the boiling water in the cauldron passes through the<br>
>> perforated vat to<br>
>> parboil (steam) the paddy rice. It takes about 1 hour.<br>
>><br>
>> 4. Please send us some photos of the existing installation. There are<br>
>> issues such as height of the boiler above ground that can influence<br>
>> what options could be for the new "fire box."<br>
>><br>
>> I will add some. Please ask for more if needed.<br>
>><br>
>> 5. Are you or others in your area interested in biochar from the rice<br>
>> husks? If so, a pyrolyzer (rather than a full process gasifier)<br>
>> might be more appropriate.<br>
>><br>
>> Hard to say. The women parboiling the rice are not same as the ones<br>
>> cultivating the rice. So they will not use the biochar as a soil<br>
>> conditioner. I have no clear idea what could be done with biochar...<br>
>><br>
>> Thanks again for your attention to my request. I 'm looking forward<br>
>> to hear from you again.<br>
>><br>
>> Kind regards,<br>
>><br>
>> Serge<br>
>><br>
>><br>
>><br>
>><br>
>><br>
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